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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Elliptio species Elliptio congaraea (Lea, 1831): synonymy
15 specimens Unio congaraeus Lea, 1831
  Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 72 [82], pl. 6, fig. 4 [as ‘congaræus’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85693, Congaree R., Columbia, S.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaraeus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
— de Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio congaraea — Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), IUCN (1996), Turgeon et al. (1998), ... Bieler (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025)
Elliptio congarea [sic] — Haag (2012) | |
Unio congareus Ravenel, 1834
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Ravenel, 1834. Cat. Rec. Shells: 6.
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 57.
Haag, 2012. N. Amer. Freshw. Mussels: 73 [as ‘Elliptio congarea’]. | |
Unio fulvus Lea, 1834
  Lea, 1834. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5 [O. 1]: 96 [208], pl. 13, fig. 39.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85679, S.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaraeus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970) | |
Unio lecontianus Lea, 1838
 Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 23. [nomen nudum]
 Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 40, pl. 12, fig. 35.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84852, Canoochie R., Liberty Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) lecontianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lecontianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio planilateris Conrad, 1838
Conrad, 1838. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 103, pl. 57, fig. 1.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 255 [as ‘planitaleris’].
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio pusillus Lea, 1840
 Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
 Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 220 [58], pl. 18, fig. 36.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85241, Ogeechee R., Georgia.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) pusillus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio pusillus — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio buxeus Lea, 1852
  Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 261 [17], pl. 15, fig. 13.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85153, Abbeville, S Carolina.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) pusillus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio buxeus — Vanatta (1915)
Elliptio pusillus — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio forbesianus Lea, 1852
 Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
 Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 264 [20], pl. 16, fig. 17.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84542, Savannah R., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio gibbesianus Lea, 1852
  Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10], pl. 12, fig. 2.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85685, Abbeville, S.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) sordidus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970) | |
Unio moussonianus Lea, 1852
 Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 268 [24], pl. 118, fig. 22.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85168, Georgia.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio planilaterus Lea, 1852
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 32.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 51.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [4].
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 722.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 653. | |
Unio rufusculus Lea, 1852
  Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 258, pl. 14, fig. 7.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85683, Abbeville, S.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
— Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970) | |
Unio sordidus Lea, 1852
  Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10], pl. 12, fig. 1 [as ‘sordidis’].
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85688, Abbeville, S.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) sordidus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)
Elliptio congaraea — Bieler (2021) | |
Unio corvus Lea, 1859
 Lea, 1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 11: 112.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 217 [35], pl. 28, fig. 97.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84539, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio vestitus Lea, 1861
 Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 393.
 Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 189 [11], pl. 25, fig. 259.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85332, Ogeechee R., Georgia.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio waccamawensis Lea, 1863
 Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
 Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 16 [20], pl. 5, fig. 14.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84437, Waccamaw Lake, N. Carolina.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) waccamawensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) waccamawensis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio waccamawensis — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), ... IUCN (2011), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012), Inoue et al. (2018), Hauck et al. (2023)
Elliptio congaraea — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021) | |
Unio dorsatus Lea, 1868
 Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 160.
 Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 300 [60], pl. 45, fig. 112.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84494, Catawba R., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) dorsatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) dorsatus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio strumosus Lea, 1872
 Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 158.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 57 [61], pl. 19, fig. 55.
Lea, 1874. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 25: 423.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85755, Yadkin R., N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) strumosus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975) | |
Unio planilateralis Frierson, 1927
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 31.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 233. | |
Unio congaraeus Conrad, 1836
‘Lea’ Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(3): 27, pl. 12, fig. 1 [as ‘congaræus’].
Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaraeus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927) | |
Unio sordidis Lea, 1852
Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10].
Elliptio congaraea — Bieler (2021) | |
Unio moussianus Conrad, 1853
‘Lea’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252. | |
Unio planitaleris Conrad, 1853
‘Con.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 255. | |
Unio pussilus Küster, 1861
‘Lea’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 197. | |
Taxonomic History (since 1900)Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaraeus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) lecontianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) pusillus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) sordidus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) waccamawensis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) dorsatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) strumosus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
— de Gregorio (1914), Haas (1969)
Unio buxeus — Vanatta (1915)
Elliptio pusillus — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lecontianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) waccamawensis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) dorsatus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio waccamawensis — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), ... IUCN (2011), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012), Inoue et al. (2018), Hauck et al. (2023)
Elliptio congaraea — Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), IUCN (1996), Turgeon et al. (1998), ... Bieler (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025)
Elliptio congarea [sic] — Haag (2012)
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