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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!


Bivalvia | ... | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Contradentini | Lens

species Lens contradens (Lea, 1838): synonymy
     383 specimens + 147 Genbank vouchers

Unio contradens Lea, 1838
Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: addenda. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 75, pl. 18, fig. 58.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85185, [Java].

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), Thiele (1934), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969), Graf & Cummings (2006), ... Ng et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Bieler (2021), Smith (2021), Sahidin et al. (2021)
de Gregorio (1914)
Contradens (s.s.) contradensModell (1942), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradensGraf (2002), Hoeh et al. (2009), Bogan (2010), IUCN (2012), Bogan & Do (2014), Zieritz et al. (2015)
Uniandra sp.Sri-aroon et al. (2007)
Contortus [sic] contortus [sic]Araujo et al. (2017)
Contradens aff. contradens sp. 1Bolotov et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Konopleva et al. (2019), Huang et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2021), Zieritz et al. (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2021), Zieritz et al. (2021), ... Jeratthitikul et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2024), Zhang et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2025), Dai et al. (2025)
Lens aff. contradensKonopleva et al. (2023)
Lens contradens (NW Mal)Zieritz et al. (2024)

Unio javanus Lea, 1840
Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 285.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 220, pl. 18, fig. 37.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85187, Java.

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio exilis Dunker, 1846
Dunker, 1846. Z. Malak. 3: 109.
Mousson, 1849. Land-Süßw.-Moll. Java: 92, pl. 16, fig. 3.

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio mutatus Mousson, 1849
Mousson, 1849. Land-Süßw.-Moll. Java: 92, pl. 16, figs. 1-2.

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio ascia Hanley, 1856
‘Benson, MS’ Hanley, 1856. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, Suppl.: 385, pl. 23, fig. 20.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE MCZ_17046 (by R.I. Johnson, 1956: 106), Penang, India.

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio asciaPreston (1912)
Contradens ascia asciaHaas (1924)
Ensidens (Uniandra) asciaPrashad (1932)
Contradens asciaHaas (1952), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens asciaBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensJeratthitikul et al. (2019)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio cambodiensis Lea, 1856
Lea, 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 103.
Lea, 1857. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 3 [O. 6]: 313 [33], pl. 30, fig. 28.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84909, Tackrong R., at Korat, Cambodia.

Physunio (s.s.) cambodiensisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1919), Haas (1969)
Physunio cambodiensisBrandt (1974), Graf & Cummings (2007), Sri-aroon et al. (2007), Bogan (2010), IUCN (2011), Zieritz et al. (2018), Do et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio rusticus Lea, 1856
Lea, 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 93.
Lea, 1857. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 3 [O. 6]: 294 [14], pl. 25, fig. 7.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_84082, Siam.

Nodularia (s.s.) rusticaSimpson (1900)
Contradens rusticusHaas (1914), Ortmann (1917), Haas (1952), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) rusticusSimpson (1914)
Contradens (Sprickia) rusticusModell (1942)
Uniandra contradens rusticaBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensJeratthitikul et al. (2019), Ng et al. (2020)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio tumidulus Lea, 1856
Lea, 1856. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 93.
Lea, 1857. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 3 [O. 6]: 295 [15], pl. 25, fig. 9.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_84712, Siam.

Nodularia (s.s.) tumidulaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Ensidens (s.s.) tumidulusHaas (1913)
Ensidens (s.s.) ingallsianusHaas (1969)
Ensidens ingallsianusF.R. Woodward (1969)
Uniandra contradens tumidulaBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensDo et al. (2018), Jeratthitikul et al. (2019), Ng et al. (2020)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio sumatrensis Lea, 1859
Lea, 1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 11: 153.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 239 [57], pl. 34, fig. 118.
(homonym of Unio sumatrensis Dunker, 1852; renamed Margaron (Unio) dimotus Lea, 1870)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84059, Sumatra.

Nodularia (s.s.) dimotaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio sumatrensisBullen (1906)
Contradens dimotus dimotusHaas (1913)
Contradens asciaHaas (1969)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)
Contradens contradensBieler (2021)

Unio mederianus Küster, 1861
‘Mousson’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 242, pl. 80, fig. 7.

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio paivanus Morelet, 1865
Morelet, 1865. J. de Conch. 13: 227.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE BMNH_93-2-4-1738, Siam.

Nodularia (s.s.) rusticaSimpson (1900)
Contradens rusticusHaas (1914), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) rusticusSimpson (1914)
Uniandra contradens rusticaBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio asperulus Lea, 1866
Lea, 1866. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 18: 133.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 280, pl. 38, fig. 94.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84078, Siam.

Nodularia (s.s.) asperulaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Ensidens (sec. Uniandra) asperulusHaas (1913)
Ensidens (Uniandra) asperulusPrashad (1932), Haas (1952), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens tumidulaBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Margaron (Unio) dimotus Lea, 1870
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 30.
(new name for Unio sumatrensis Lea, 1859)

Nodularia (s.s.) dimotaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens dimotus dimotusHaas (1913)
Contradens ascia dimotusHaas (1924), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Marwoto (1987)
Contradens asciaHaas (1969)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)
Contradens contradensBieler (2021)

Unio dautzenbergi Morlet, 1889
Morlet, 1889. J. de Conch. 37: 163, 190, pl. 8, fig. 5.

Nodularia (s.s.) dautzenbergiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (Nodularia) dautzenbergiDautzenberg & Fischer (1905)
Contradens dautzenbergiHaas (1914), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens rusticaBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensDo et al. (2018), Ng et al. (2020)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio semidecoratus Morlet, 1889
Morlet, 1889. J. de Conch. 37: 164, 192, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Nodularia (s.s.) semidecorataSimpson (1900)
Ensidens (sec. Uniandra) inaequalisHaas (1913)
Nodularia (s.s.) inaequalisSimpson (1914)
Ensidens (Uniandra) inaequalisHaas (1969)
Uniandra contradens tumidulaBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensDo et al. (2018)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Microcondylaea bicristata Strubell, 1897
Strubell, 1897. Nachr. Bl. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. 29: 9.

Contradens hageniHaas (1913)
Pseudodon (sec. Bineurus) bicristatusSimpson (1914)
Pseudodon (Bineurus) bicristatusHaas (1920)
Pseudodon (Bineurus) hageniHaas (1969)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)

Unio hageni Strubell, 1897
Strubell, 1897. Nachr. Bl. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. 29: 10.
Type(s): TYPE SMF_3603, S. Sumatra.

Simpson (1900)
Contradens hageniHaas (1913), Ortmann (1917), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) dimotaSimpson (1914)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio verbecki Martens, 1897
‘Bött.’ Martens, 1897. Zool. Erg. Nied. Ost. Ind. 4: 89, pl. 5, figs. 1-2, 4-5.

Nodularia (s.s.) verbeckiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Contradens verbeeki [sic]Haas (1914), Haas (1969)
Contradens verbeckiOrtmann (1917)
Contradens (Sprickia) verbeeki [sic]Modell (1942), Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Trapezoideus peninsularis Simpson, 1900
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 28, sp. 142 [as ‘Unio sumatrensis’].
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 859, footnote.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 1186.
Type(s): TYPE BMNH_1964159, Sumatra.

Trapezoideus peninsularisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Zieritz et al. (2018)
Haas (1969)
Trapezoideus peninsularius [sic]Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010)
Contradens peninsularisKonopleva et al. (2019), Konopleva et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio laticeps Martens, 1900
Martens, 1900. Nachr. Bl. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. 32: 15.
Type(s): TYPES ZMB_51796, Aus dem Danau Baru, Indragiri, O. Sumatra.

Unio laticepsMartens (1900)
Contradens semmelincki [sic] laticepsHaas (1914)
Nodularia (s.s.) laticepsSimpson (1914)
Contradens semmelincki [sic]Haas (1969)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio pajakomboensis Bullen, 1906
Bullen, 1906. Proc. Malac. Soc. London 7: 15, pl. 2, figs. 9-11.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE BMNH_1906-1-16-52, Pajakombo, Sumatra.

Unio pajakomboensisBullen (1906), Simpson (1914)
Schizocleithrum pajacomboënse [sic]Haas (1914)
Contradens hageniHaas (1969)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio verbeeki Haas, 1914
‘von Martens’ of Authors.
‘(Boettger) v. Martens’ Haas, 1914. Conch. Cab. 9 (pt. 2, h. 49): 198.
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 189.
‘Martens’ Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 101.
‘Martens’ Haas, 1969. Treatise on Invert. Paleo: N420.
‘(Martens)’ Brandt, 1974. Arch. Moll. 105: 289.
Millard, 2001. Class. Moll. (3): 1064.
(error for Unio verbecki Martens, 1897)

Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Unio thaiensis Habe, 1964
Habe, 1964. Nature & Life in Southeast Asia 3: 62, pl. ?, figs. 3-4.

Uniandra contradens rusticaBrandt (1974)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Uniandra contradens rusticoides Brandt, 1974
Brandt, 1974. Arch. Moll. 105: 290, pl. 24, fig. 50.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio contradens Lea, 1838)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE SMF_220845, Thailand: Klong Min near Chandi; Chawang Distr.; Prov. Nakon Sritammarat.

Uniandra contradens rusticoidesBrandt (1974)
Contradens contradensJeratthitikul et al. (2019)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Trapezoideus peninsularius Graf & Cummings, 2007
‘Simpson’ of Authors.
Graf & Cummings, 2007. J. Moll. Studies 73: 312.
Bogan, 2010. FADA: [web].
(error for Trapezoideus peninsularis Simpson, 1900)

Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Contradens dimotus var. lugens of Authors, unknown year
Prashad of Authors.
(misidentified reference to Unio lugens Drouët & Chaper, 1892)

Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)

Unio mutatus form curvatus Mousson, 1849
Mousson, 1849. Land-Süßw.-Moll. Java: 92 pl. 16, fig. 2. [infra-subsp.]
(homonym of Unio bonelli var. curvata Rossmässler, 1842; intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio mutatus Mousson, 1849)

Contradens contradensvan Benthem Jutting (1953)

Unio mutatus form inflatus Mousson, 1849
Mousson, 1849. Land-Süßw.-Moll. Java: 92. [infra-subsp.]
(homonym of Unio inflatus Studer, 1820; intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio mutatus Mousson, 1849)

Contradens contradensvan Benthem Jutting (1953)

Unio mutatus form obscurus Mousson, 1849
Mousson, 1849. Land-Süßw.-Moll. Java: 92, pl. 16, fig. 1. [infra-subsp.]
(homonym of Unio obscurus Lea, 1838; intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio mutatus Mousson, 1849)

Contradens contradensvan Benthem Jutting (1953)

Unio sumatrensis Reeve, 1865
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 28, sp. 142.
(reference to Unio sumatrensis Lea, 1859)

Trapezoideus peninsularisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)

Unio paivaeanus Morelet, 1875
Morelet, 1875. Séries Conch. 4: 353 [as ‘paivæanus’].
Morlet, 1889. J. de Conch. 37: 164 [as ‘paivæanus’].
(error for Unio paivanus Morelet, 1865)

Unio cambodgensis Fischer, 1891
‘Lea’ Fischer, 1891. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 4: 224.
(error for Unio cambodiensis Lea, 1856)

Unio hagnei Simpson, 1900
‘Strubell’ Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 862.
(error for Unio hageni Strubell, 1897)

Schizocleithrum pajacomboense Haas, 1914
Haas, 1914. Conch. Cab. 9 (pt. 2, h. 49): 203 [as ‘pajacomboënse’].
(error for Unio pajakomboensis Bullen, 1906)

Trapezoideus pulcher Haas, 1952
‘Taaparone-Canefri’ [sic] Haas, 1952. Bull. Nat. Hist. Siam Soc. 15(1): 23.
(misidentified reference to Unio pulcher Tapparone Canefri, 1889)
Type(s): SPECIMENS FMNH_33020, Klong Klung River, Kam Peng Pet Prov., NW Siam.

Trapezoideus exolescens exolescensBrandt (1974)
Trapezoideus exolescensHe & Zhuang (2013)

Contortus contortus Araujo et al., 2017
Araujo et al., 2017. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 179(2): 280.
(error for Unio contradens Lea, 1838)

Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Nodularia (s.s.) contradensSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Simpson (1900), de Gregorio (1914), Simpson (1914), Haas (1969)
Physunio (s.s.) cambodiensisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Haas (1919), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) rusticaSimpson (1900)
Nodularia (s.s.) tumidulaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Nodularia (s.s.) dimotaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Trapezoideus peninsularisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Zieritz et al. (2018)
Nodularia (s.s.) asperulaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Nodularia (s.s.) dautzenbergiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Nodularia (s.s.) semidecorataSimpson (1900)
Nodularia (s.s.) verbeckiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio laticepsMartens (1900)
Unio (Nodularia) dautzenbergiDautzenberg & Fischer (1905)
Unio sumatrensisBullen (1906)
Unio pajakomboensisBullen (1906), Simpson (1914)
Unio asciaPreston (1912)
Contradens contradensHaas (1913), Thiele (1934), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Haas (1969), Graf & Cummings (2006), ... Ng et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Bieler (2021), Smith (2021), Sahidin et al. (2021)
Ensidens (s.s.) tumidulusHaas (1913)
Contradens dimotus dimotusHaas (1913)
Ensidens (sec. Uniandra) asperulusHaas (1913)
Ensidens (sec. Uniandra) inaequalisHaas (1913)
Contradens hageniHaas (1913), Ortmann (1917), Haas (1969)
Contradens rusticusHaas (1914), Ortmann (1917), Haas (1952), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) rusticusSimpson (1914)
Contradens dautzenbergiHaas (1914), Haas (1969)
Nodularia (s.s.) inaequalisSimpson (1914)
Pseudodon (sec. Bineurus) bicristatusSimpson (1914)
Contradens verbeeki [sic]Haas (1914), Haas (1969)
Contradens semmelincki [sic] laticepsHaas (1914)
Nodularia (s.s.) laticepsSimpson (1914)
Schizocleithrum pajacomboënse [sic]Haas (1914)
Contradens verbeckiOrtmann (1917)
Pseudodon (Bineurus) bicristatusHaas (1920)
Contradens ascia asciaHaas (1924)
Contradens ascia dimotusHaas (1924), van Benthem Jutting (1953), Marwoto (1987)
Ensidens (Uniandra) asciaPrashad (1932)
Ensidens (Uniandra) asperulusPrashad (1932), Haas (1952), Haas (1969)
Contradens (s.s.) contradensModell (1942), Haas (1969)
Contradens (Sprickia) rusticusModell (1942)
Contradens (Sprickia) verbeeki [sic]Modell (1942), Haas (1969)
Contradens asciaHaas (1952), Haas (1969)
Ensidens (s.s.) ingallsianusHaas (1969)
Ensidens ingallsianusF.R. Woodward (1969)
Ensidens (Uniandra) inaequalisHaas (1969)
Pseudodon (Bineurus) hageniHaas (1969)
Contradens semmelincki [sic]Haas (1969)
Uniandra contradens contradensBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradens asciaBrandt (1974)
Physunio cambodiensisBrandt (1974), Graf & Cummings (2007), Sri-aroon et al. (2007), Bogan (2010), IUCN (2011), Zieritz et al. (2018), Do et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Uniandra contradens rusticaBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradens tumidulaBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradens dimotusBrandt (1974)
Trapezoideus exolescens exolescensBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradens rusticoidesBrandt (1974)
Uniandra contradensGraf (2002), Hoeh et al. (2009), Bogan (2010), IUCN (2012), Bogan & Do (2014), Zieritz et al. (2015)
Uniandra sp.Sri-aroon et al. (2007)
Trapezoideus peninsularius [sic]Graf & Cummings (2007), Bogan (2010)
Trapezoideus exolescensHe & Zhuang (2013)
Contortus [sic] contortus [sic]Araujo et al. (2017)
Contradens aff. contradens sp. 1Bolotov et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Konopleva et al. (2019), Huang et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020)
Contradens peninsularisKonopleva et al. (2019), Konopleva et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)
Lens contradensPfeiffer et al. (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2021), Zieritz et al. (2021), Jeratthitikul et al. (2021), Zieritz et al. (2021), ... Jeratthitikul et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2024), Zhang et al. (2024), Dai et al. (2025), Dai et al. (2025)
Lens aff. contradensKonopleva et al. (2023)
Lens contradens (NW Mal)Zieritz et al. (2024)

 
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