Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Bivalvia | ... | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini | Toxolasma

species Toxolasma lividum Rafinesque, 1831: specimens
     4 available nominal species synonyms (7 total synonyms)

Recent Taxonomic Opinions

Toxolasma lividus — Graf & Cummings (2007), Tiemann et al. (2007), Chapman et al. (2008), Chapman et al. (2008), Cummings & Graf (2010), Breton et al. (2011), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012), Mitchell et al. (2016), Chase et al. (2018), Patterson et al. (2021)
Toxolasma lividum — Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009), Bogan (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), IUCN (2012), ... Bieler (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), Freeman et al. (2025)
Toxolasma glans — Breton et al. (2011), Chase et al. (2018)
Toxolasma cylindrellus — IUCN (2012)
Toxolasma lividus grans [sic] — Kongim et al. (2015)

Range

Widespread in the Interior Basin, excluding the upper Mississippi, USA.

Map of Georeferenced Specimens

USA

Georeferenced Genbank Vouchers

USA

UF_438185-6055. (28S, 5.8S, COI, ITS1, ND1) Tennessee River, Tennessee drainage (34.737, -87.8124)

UF_438185-6057. (28S, 5.8S, COI, ITS1, ND1) Tennessee River, Tennessee drainage (34.737, -87.8124)