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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini | Toxolasma species Toxolasma texasiense (Lea, 1857): synonymy 15 specimens + 2 Genbank vouchers Unio parvus Conrad, 1836 ‘Barnes’ of Authors. Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(2): 20, pl. 9, fig. 1.
Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 35, sp. 186. (misidentified reference to Unio parvus Barnes, 1823)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Unio (s.s.) parvus — Call (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) | |
Unio bairdianus Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 102. Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 361 [43], pl. 61, fig. 186. Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_85303 (by Cummings et al., 2025: 438), Devils R., Texas.
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva — Burch (1975) Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Vidrine (1993) Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998) Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025) | |
Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 84. Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 359, pl. 61, fig. 184 [as ‘texasensis’]. Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_85302 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 145), DeWitt Cr., Texas.
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Eurynia (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1912) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) Carunculina texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1915), Utterback (1916), Gordon et al. (1979) Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva texasensis [sic] — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980) Toxolasma texasensis — Turgeon et al. (1988), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998) Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Cummings & Mayer (1992), Williams et al. (1993), Vidrine (1993), Haag (2012), Marshall et al. (2018) Toxolasma texasiensis — Cummings & Mayer (1997), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Jones et al. (2005), Campbell et al. (2005), Zanatta & Murphy (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Tiemann et al. (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Chase et al. (2018), Bieler (2021) Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasense [sic] — Bogan (2010), McMurray et al. (2012) Toxolasma texasiense — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025), Cummings et al. (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026) | |
Unio texasensis Lea, 1860 ‘Lea’ of Authors. Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 359. Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 59. B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [5]. Pilsbry & Rhoads, 1896. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 48: 505. Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 563. Ortmann, 1915. Nautilus 28(12): 141. Utterback, 1916. Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(9): 398. Gordon et al., 1979. Bull. AMU (1979): 35, Table 3. Cummings & Mayer, 1992. Freshw. Mussels Midwest (5): 134. Vidrine, 1993. Histr. Distr. Freshw. Mussels LA: 169. R.I. Johnson, 1999. Occ. Pap. Moll. 6(77): 34. Bogan, 2010. FADA: [web]. ITIS, 2012. ITIS: [web]. Haag, 2012. N. Amer. Freshw. Mussels: 70 [as ‘Toxolasma texasensis’]. McMurray et al., 2012. Mo. Freshw. Mussels: 57 [as ‘Toxolasma texasense’]. Marshall et al., 2018. Amer. Malac. Bull. 36(1): 44. (error for Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857)
Toxolasma texasiensis — Bieler (2021) Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025) | |
Unio bealei Lea, 1862
Lea, 1862. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 14: 169.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 204 [26], pl. 30, fig. 273. Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_85305 (by R.I. Johnson, 1974: 19), Leon Co., Texas.
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) Carunculina texasensis [sic] — Utterback (1916) Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva — Burch (1975) Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Vidrine (1993) Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998) Toxolasma parvus — R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025) | |
Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson, 1900
 Simpson, 1900. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 52: 75, pl. 1, fig. 4. Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 564. Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 150. Type(s): LECTOTYPE [AS HOLOTYPE] USNM_151549 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 14), Elm Cr., 27 mi from Ft. Clark, Texas.
Lampsilis (Carunculina) mearnsi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Lampsilis mearnsi — Simpson (1900) Carunculina parva-mearnsi — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva — Burch (1975) Toxolasma mearnsi — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lee (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012) Toxolasma parvus — Vidrine (1993), R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasensis — Howells et al. (1996) Toxolasma texasiense — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025) | |
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis var. compressus Simpson, 1900
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 564. Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 150. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857) Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_152059 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 11), Ft. Clark, Texas.
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] var. compressus — Simpson (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis var. compressa — Simpson (1914) Carunculina parva-compressa — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969) Toxolasma parvus — Vidrine (1993), R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998) Toxolasma texasiense — MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025) | |
Unio texasianus Sowerby, 1866
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 40, sp. 218. (error for Unio texasiensis Lea, 1857)
Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) Toxolasma texasensis — Parmalee & Bogan (1998) | |
Unio bealii Singley, 1893 ‘Lea’ Singley, 1893. Geol. Surv. Texas (1892): 321. R.I. Johnson, 1999. Occ. Pap. Moll. 6(77): 35 [as ‘Unio beali’]. (error for Unio bealei Lea, 1862) | |
Taxonomic History (since 1900)Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Simpson (1900) Unio (s.s.) parvus — Call (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) mearnsi — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Lampsilis mearnsi — Simpson (1900) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] var. compressus — Simpson (1900) Eurynia (Carunculina) texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1912) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis — Simpson (1914) Lampsilis (Carunculina) texasensis var. compressa — Simpson (1914) Carunculina texasensis [sic] — Ortmann (1915), Utterback (1916), Gordon et al. (1979) Carunculina parva-texasensis — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva-mearnsi — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva-compressa — Frierson (1927) Carunculina parva texasensis — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva texasensis [sic] — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva parva — Haas (1969) Carunculina parva — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980) Toxolasma texasensis — Turgeon et al. (1988), Howells et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998) Toxolasma mearnsi — Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lee (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012) Toxolasma texasensis [sic] — Cummings & Mayer (1992), Vidrine (1993), Williams et al. (1993), Haag (2012), Marshall et al. (2018) Toxolasma parvus — Vidrine (1993), R.I. Johnson (1999) Toxolasma texasiensis — Cummings & Mayer (1997), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), Jones et al. (2005), Campbell et al. (2005), Zanatta & Murphy (2006), Graf & Cummings (2007), Tiemann et al. (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Chase et al. (2018), Bieler (2021) Toxolasma texasense [sic] — Bogan (2010), McMurray et al. (2012) Toxolasma texasiense — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), Cummings et al. (2025), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
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