The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Search the database pages:
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini genus Venustaconcha Frierson, 1927: cladomics
5 Recent valid species (5 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 5 (5 total)
analyzed in 95 cladograms in 56 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
3 (mean = 1.07, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 6
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean =
2.17 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 1
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | +----- Paetulunio
|
+----- Epioblasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_trabalis__1 **
| |
| +-- Venustaconcha_trabalis__2 **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
|
+-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 629 | 91 | 26 | -- | +-------- Potamilus_inflatus
+--------+
| | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| +--+
+-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | |
| +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | |
| +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | | +----- Epioblasma
| | +-----------------+ +-----+
| | | | | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| | | | | +--+
| | | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
| | | |
+--+ | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Lampsilis
--+
| +----- Epioblasma
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 71 | 13 | 10 | -- | +-------------------- Obliquaria
|
| +----- Potamilus
--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_virescens
| |
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
| +-----+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
+--+
| +----- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 71 | 13 | 10 | -- | +----------------- Potamilus_alatus
|
+----------------- Potamilus_capax
|
+----------------- Glebula
|
| +-- Toxolasma
+--------------+
--+ +-- Paetulunio
|
| +-- Dromus
+--------------+
| +-- Lemiox
|
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+
| +----------- Lampsilis_virescens
| |
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
| +-----+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
+--+
| +----- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-- Ligumia
+--+
| +-- Sagittunio
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 47 | 22 | -- | +-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-------- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
+-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Potamilus
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilis
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 12 | 10 | -- | +-------------------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Glebula
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lemiox
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obovaria
+--+
| +----------- Hamiota
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Lampsilis
--+
| +-- Epioblasma
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 140 | 11 | 5 | -- | +-------------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +----------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----- Ortmanniana
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
|
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_cariosa
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 10 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilis
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilis
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Toxolasma
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Potamilus
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 10 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
|
| +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_cariosa
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Potamilus
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- | +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon
|
| +----------- Potamilus_alatus
--+ |
| | +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| | |
+--+ +-------- Leaunio
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----+
+--+ +-- Truncilla
|
| +-- Medionidus
+-----+
| +-- Ptychobranchus
|
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- | +----------------------- Obliquaria
|
| +-- Medionidus
| +--+
| | +-- Lemiox
--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Cyprogenia
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-------- Potamilus
| +--------+
| | | +----- Atlanticoncha
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ellipsaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Truncilla
|
| +-- Hamiota
| +-----------+
| | +-- Villosa
| |
+--+ +----------- Ligumia
| |
| | +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 5 | 3 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 6 | 4 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
--+
| +-------- Potamilus
+--+
| +----- Leaunio
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Potamilus
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Toxolasma
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 13 | 11 | -- | +-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon
|
--+ +----------------- Potamilus_alatus
| |
| | +-- Medionidus
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+
| +-------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Toxolasma
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Potamilus
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 7 | 3 | -- | +-------------- Potamilus
|
--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Potamilus
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 25 | 17 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------+
--+ | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Medionidus
| +--------+
| | | +-- Lemiox
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Dromus
|
| +----------- Cambarunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Villosa
| |
| | +-- Sagittunio
| +--------+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_pleasii **
+-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 38 | 0 | 2 | 101 | 42 | 22 | 45 | +----- Obliquaria
+--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +----------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| +----------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2 **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1 **
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 10 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Potamilus
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 36 | 5 | 3 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 8 | 3 | -- | +----------- Potamilus
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 47 | 22 | -- | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Potamilus
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- | +----- Ellipsaria
|
+----- Potamilus_leptodon
|
+----- Medionidus
|
+----- Potamilus_alatus
|
+----- Ptychobranchus
--+
+----- Truncilla
|
+----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
|
+----- Cambarunio
|
+----- Leaunio
|
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 8 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Potamilus
--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Potamilus
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 10 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cariosa
|
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Potamilus
--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 8 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Lampsilis
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 12 | 7 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| |
+--+ +-- Lemiox
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis
+--+
| +-------- Potamilus
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Ellipsaria
+--+
+-- Truncilla
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
--+
| +-------- Potamilus
+--+
| +----- Leaunio
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Lampsilis
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 7 | 3 | -- | +-------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +----------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ornata
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 9 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 12 | 10 | -- | +-------------------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Glebula
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lemiox
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Obovaria
+--+
| +----------- Hamiota
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Potamilus
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 38 | 0 | 2 | 101 | 42 | 22 | 45 | +-------- Toxolasma
+--------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2 **
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-------------------- Villosa
+--+ |
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1 **
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +-------- Epioblasma
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 12 | 7 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------- Truncilla
| |
+--+ +-- Lemiox
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 8 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +-------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 5 | 4 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
--+
| +-------- Potamilus
+--+
| +----- Leaunio
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Potamilus
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 47 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Toxolasma
--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
--+
+-- Potamilus
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Toxolasma
--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 7 | 3 | -- | +-------------- Toxolasma
|
--+ +----------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_powellii
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
|
