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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Gonideini

genus Parvasolenaia Huang & Wu in Huang et al., 2019: cladomics
     3 Recent valid species (5 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (5 total)
analyzed in 49 cladograms in 26 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.04, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 2
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.5

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024152--
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
  +--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
--+                                
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus            
  +--+                             
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101471611--
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
  |              +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----------+                             
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |           +--+                          
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                         
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata        
     |  |                                      
     +--+           +-- Koreosolenaia          
        |  +--------+                          
        |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           |  |                                
           +--+     +-- Obovalis               
              |  +--+                          
              |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Guiunio                
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Cosmopseudodon

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23024352--
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **   
--+                                
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
  +--+                             
     +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019076--
        +----- Gonidea                
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017243--
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012221--
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119896--
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  |                                
  |  +----- Gonidea                
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |     +-- Koreosolenaia          
  |                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita 
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea  
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110111185--
  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea    
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata    
  |                            
  +-- Leguminaia               
  |                            
  +-- Microcondylaea           
--+                            
  +-- Gonidea                  
  |                            
  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                            
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **  
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018754--
        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                
  |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Postolata              
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013921--
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015133--
  +-------- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                          
        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119896--
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
  |     +----- Gonidea                
--+  +--+                             
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |  +--+                          
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                
     |     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     |     |                          
     +-----+-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
           |                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019076--
        +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011221--
  +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
--+                             
  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  +--+                          
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015555--
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
--+        +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017954--
-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015532--
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Koreosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015385--
           +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Postolata              
        +--+                          
           +-- Cosmopseudodon

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013687--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |           +-- Gonidea                
--+  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |  |                                   
  +--+        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Obovalis               
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101461510--
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
  |              +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----------+                             
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |           +--+                          
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                         
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata        
     |  |                                      
     +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        |  +--------+                          
        |  |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Obovalis               
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Cosmopseudodon

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019453--
  +-------- Microcondylaea         
--+                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012376--
           +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Gonidea                
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Microcondylaea         
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11016743--
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110144139--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |        +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----+                             
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |     +--+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                          
              +-- Obovalis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019064--
  +-------- Inversidens            
  |                                
--+     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013687--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+  +----------- Gonidea                
  |  |                                   
  +--+----------- Microcondylaea         
     |                                   
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015254--
        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +-----+                          
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia           
--+                                
  |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Postolata              
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017243--
     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019064--
  +-------- Inversidens            
  |                                
--+     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  |  +--+                          
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                          
        +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015243--
  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  |                                
--+  +----- Gonidea                
  |  |                             
  +--+----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
     |                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Ptychorhynchus

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011932--
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110127117--
  +----------------- Inversidens            
  |                                         
--+              +-- Microcondylaea         
  |  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Postolata              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Cosmopseudodon

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101752--
     +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita 
  +--+                             
  |  |  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora  
  |  +--+                          
--+     +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea  
  |                                
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_carinata  
  +--+                             
     |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                          
        +-- Koreosolenaia

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110111785--
-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101120118--
     +-------- Sinosolenaia           
  +--+                                
  |  |  +----- Gonidea                
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
--+     +--+                          
  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Inversidens            
  |  |                                
  +--+     +-- Obovalis               
     |  +--+                          
     |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013687--
  +----------------- Inversidens            
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |  |                                      
  +--+           +-- Gonidea                
     |  +--------+                          
     |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Postolata              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019453--
     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013687--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+           +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Koreosolenaia          
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013798--
  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                            
--+                 +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------------+                          
  |  |              +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                         
     |  +-------------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                      
        |  +----------- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Postolata              
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Cosmopseudodon         
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Obovalis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013687--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
--+           +-- Gonidea                
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Koreosolenaia          
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Postolata              
           +--+                          
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119686--
  +----------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                   
  |     +----- Gonidea                
--+  +--+                             
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |  +--+                          
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea         
     |                                
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus         
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013732--
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Microcondylaea

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017243--
     +-- Ptychorhynchus         
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013331--
  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                          
  +-- Sinosolenaia

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015232--
  +----- Sinosolenaia           
--+                             
  |  +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
  +--+                          
     +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110144139--
  +-------------- Sinosolenaia           
  |                                      
  |        +----- Gonidea                
--+  +-----+                             
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia             
  |  |     +--+                          
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                                   
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia          
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Postolata              
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus         
           +--+                          
              +-- Obovalis

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011932--
  +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
--+                             
  |  +-- Microcondylaea         
  +--+                          
     +-- Sinosolenaia
 
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