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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

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genus Yaukthwa Konopleva, Pfeiffer, Vikhrev, Kondakov, Gofarov, Aksenova, Lunn, Chan & Bolotov, 2019: cladomics
11 Recent valid species (11 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 11 (11 total)
analyzed in 34 cladograms in 22 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 10 (mean = 4.12, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 29
maximum number of included terminals = 10, (mean = 4.66 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.9

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	8	10	620	21	3	0

                             +-- Physunio_modelli       
  +--------------------------+                          
  |                          +-- Physunio_pellucidus    
  |                                                     
--+                          +-- Physunio_massini       
  |  +-----------------------+                          
  |  |                       +-- Physunio_superbus      
  +--+                                                  
     |  +----------------------- Physunio               
     |  |                                               
     +--+  +-------------------- Trapezoideus           
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +----------------- Lens                   
           |  |                                         
           |  |              +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **     
           +--+  +-----------+                          
              |  |           +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **    
              |  |                                      
              |  |     +-------- Yaukthwa_dalliana **      
              +--+  +--+                                
                 |  |  |  +----- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **    
                 |  |  +--+                             
                 |  |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_avaensis **      
                 +--+     +--+                          
                    |        +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **      
                    |                                   
                    |  +-------- Yaukthwa_panhai **        
                    +--+                                
                       |  +----- Yaukthwa_zayleymanensis **
                       +--+                             
                          |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **     
                          +--+                          
                             +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	28	14	4	--

        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio         
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa_paiensis **
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Solenaia         
     +--+                    
        +-- Lens

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	7	10	5	5	2	3

                 +-- Physunio               
  +--------------+                          
  |              +-- Trapezoideus           
  |                                         
  |              +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **    
--+  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **     
  |  |                                      
  |  |     +-------- Yaukthwa_panhai **        
  +--+  +--+                                
     |  |  |  +----- Yaukthwa_rectangularis ** 
     |  |  +--+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **     
     +--+     +--+                          
        |        +-- Yaukthwa_zayleymanensis **
        |                                   
        |     +----- Yaukthwa_dalliana **      
        |     |                             
        +-----+  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **      
              |  |                          
              +--+-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **    
                 |                          
                 +-- Yaukthwa_avaensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	9	40	3	1	3

  +----------------- Trapezoideus           
  |                                         
  |              +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **    
--+  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **     
  |  |                                      
  +--+        +----- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **    
     |  +-----+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **      
     |  |     +--+                          
     +--+        +-- Yaukthwa_avaensis **      
        |                                   
        |  +-------- Yaukthwa_panhai **        
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Yaukthwa_rectangularis ** 
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **     
              +--+                          
                 +-- Yaukthwa_zayleymanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	9	108	14	3	3

                    +-- Trapezoideus           
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Physunio               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Lens                   
  |  |                                         
  |  |              +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **    
  +--+  +-----------+                          
     |  |           +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **     
     |  |                                      
     +--+        +----- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **    
        |  +-----+                             
        |  |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_avaensis **      
        |  |     +--+                          
        +--+        +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **      
           |                                   
           |  +-------- Yaukthwa_panhai **        
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Yaukthwa_rectangularis ** 
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Yaukthwa_zayleymanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	9	102	14	3	3

  +----------------------- Physunio               
  |                                               
--+  +-------------------- Trapezoideus           
  |  |                                            
  +--+  +----------------- Lens                   
     |  |                                         
     |  |              +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **    
     +--+  +-----------+                          
        |  |           +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **     
        |  |                                      
        +--+        +----- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **    
           |  +-----+                             
           |  |     |  +-- Yaukthwa_avaensis **      
           |  |     +--+                          
           +--+        +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **      
              |                                   
              |  +-------- Yaukthwa_panhai **        
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Yaukthwa_rectangularis ** 
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Yaukthwa_zayleymanensis **
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	1	1	1	4

  +-------------- Solenaia              
  |                                     
  |           +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **   
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Yaukthwa_baniensis **    
  |  |                                  
  +--+     +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
     |  +--+                            
     |  |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **
     |  |  +--+                         
     +--+     +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
        |                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_avaensis **     
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	28	13	3	4

           +----- Lens                  
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Trapezoideus          
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Physunio              
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula **   
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **     
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	26	9	3	5

  +-------------- Physunio              
  |                                     
  |           +-- Trapezoideus          
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lens                  
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **     
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	46	11	3	5

        +----- Physunio              
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Trapezoideus          
  |     +--+                         
  |        +-- Lens                  
--+                                  
  |        +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **     
  |  +-----+                         
  |  |     +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
        +--+                         
           +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	13	0	0	7

  +----------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa_elongatula **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
        +--+                         
           +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	121	8	2	6

  +-------------- Physunio              
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Lens                  
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	197	8	2	6

  +----------- Physunio_modelli      
  |                                  
  +----------- Physunio              
  |                                  
--+----------- Physunio_superbus     
  |                                  
  +----------- Lens                  
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
        +--+                         
           +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	195	8	2	6

  +-------------- Physunio              
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Lens                  
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	135	7	2	6

  +-------------- Lens                  
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Physunio              
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	135	8	2	6

  +-------------- Physunio              
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Lens                  
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	197	8	2	6

  +-------------- Physunio              
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Lens                  
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **   
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_panhai **       
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **    
           +--+                         
              +-- Yaukthwa_rectangularis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	7	1	3	33	4	3	12

  +-- Physunio           
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
--+                      
  +-- Trapezoideus       
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
  |                      
  +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	33	4	3	7

           +-- Physunio           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                               
  |  +-------- Lens               
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
        +--+                      
           +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	7	5	3	33	4	3	11

  +----------- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
  |                               
--+  +-------- Trapezoideus       
  |  |                            
  +--+     +-- Physunio           
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **  
        +--+                      
           +-- Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	33	4	3	7

           +-- Physunio           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                               
  |  +-------- Lens               
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
        +--+                      
           +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	28	4	3	7

  +-------------- Physunio           
--+                                  
  |  +----------- Trapezoideus       
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Lens               
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
           +--+                      
              +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	10	0	3	79	7	2	15

  +-- Lens_eximius       
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__1
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni ** 
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_comptus       
  |                      
--+-- Lens_novoselovi    
  |                      
  +-- Physunio_modelli__2
  |                      
  +-- Physunio           
  |                      
  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
  |                      
  +-- Lens_contradens    
  |                      
  +-- Lens_micropterus

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	42	5	3	7

           +-- Physunio           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                               
  |  +-------- Lens               
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
        +--+                      
           +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	33	4	3	7

           +-- Physunio           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                               
  |  +-------- Lens               
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
        +--+                      
           +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	33	4	3	7

           +-- Physunio           
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                               
  |  +-------- Lens               
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Yaukthwa_elongatula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Yaukthwa_inlenensis **
        +--+                      
           +-- Yaukthwa_paiensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	19	8	3	--

        +-- Trapezoideus      
  +-----+                     
  |     +-- Physunio          
--+                           
  |  +----- Lens              
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **
     +--+                     
        +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	89	2	2	--

  +-------- Physunio          
--+                           
  |  +----- Lens              
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **
     +--+                     
        +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	80	17	3	--

        +-- Physunio           
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Trapezoideus       
--+                            
  |  +----- Lens               
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni ** 
     +--+                      
        +-- Yaukthwa_elongatula **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	89	2	2	--

  +-------- Physunio          
--+                           
  |  +----- Lens              
  +--+                        
     |  +-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **
     +--+                     
        +-- Yaukthwa_panhai **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	121	2	2	--

-- Yaukthwa_nesemanni **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	7	7	2	--

  +----- Yaukthwa_paiensis **
--+                       
  |  +-- Trapezoideus     
  +--+                    
     +-- Physunio

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	4	4	--

        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio         
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa_paiensis **
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	4	4	--

        +-- Trapezoideus     
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Physunio         
--+                          
  |  +----- Yaukthwa_paiensis **
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Lens             
     +--+                    
        +-- Solenaia

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