The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini genus Medionidus Simpson, 1900: cladomics 6 Recent valid species (7 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 6 (7 total) analyzed in 20 cladograms in 13 publications maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
3 (mean = 1.3, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 5 maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean =
2.2 median = 2) proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 58 | 66 | 3 | 629 | 90 | 26 | 0 |
+-------- Potamilus_inflatus
+--------+
| | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| +--+
+-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | |
| +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | |
| +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus **
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus **
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +-- Venustaconcha
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Epioblasma
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 100 | 41 | 22 | 65 |
+----- Obliquaria
+--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +----------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| +----------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus **
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 54 | 46 | 22 | 69 |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus **
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
| +-----+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 46 | 22 | 67 |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha
+--+
+-------- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
+-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 100 | 41 | 22 | 71 |
+-------- Toxolasma
+--------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus **
--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-------------------- Villosa
+--+ |
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +-------- Epioblasma
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 8 | 6 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_fragilis
|
--+ +----------- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-------- Medionidus_conradicus **
| |
+--+ +----- Potamilus_purpuratus
| |
+--+----- Lampsilis
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
+--+
+-- Villosa
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 10 | 7 | -- |
+----- Ptychobranchus
+--------+
| | +-- Potamilus_fragilis
| +--+
| +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
--+
| +-- Villosa
| +--------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 8 | 6 | -- |
+-------------------- Obliquaria
--+
| +----------------- Medionidus_conradicus **
+--+
| +-------------- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +----------- Potamilus_fragilis
+--+
| +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria
+--+
| +-- Villosa
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 7 | 6 | -- |
+----------------- Medionidus_conradicus **
--+
| +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis
+--+
| +----------- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis
+--+
| +-- Villosa
+--+
+-- Ellipsaria
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+-------- Lemiox
+-----+
| | +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| +--+
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
--+ +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
| | +--+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-- Cambarunio
| |
+-----+-- Ligumia
|
+-- Epioblasma
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 7 | 6 | -- |
-- Medionidus_conradicus **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_leptodon
|
| +----------- Potamilus_alatus
--+ |
| | +-------- Venustaconcha
| | |
+--+ +-------- Leaunio
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----+
+--+ +-- Truncilla
|
| +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
+-----+
| +-- Ptychobranchus
|
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 5 | -- |
+----------- Obliquaria
|
--+----------- Lampsilis
|
| +-------- Medionidus_conradicus **
+--+
| +----- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
+--+
+-- Dromus
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria
|
| +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
| +--+
| | +-- Lemiox
--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Cyprogenia
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-------- Potamilus
| +--------+
| | | +----- Atlanticoncha
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ellipsaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Truncilla
|
| +-- Hamiota
| +-----------+
| | +-- Villosa
| |
+--+ +----------- Ligumia
| |
| | +----- Venustaconcha
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 6 | 5 | -- |
+----- Medionidus_conradicus **
--+
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon
|
--+ +----------------- Potamilus_alatus
| |
| | +-- Medionidus_conradicus **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+
| +-------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 6 | 5 | -- |
+----- Medionidus_conradicus **
--+
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+----- Ellipsaria
|
+----- Potamilus_leptodon
|
+----- Medionidus_conradicus **
|
+----- Potamilus_alatus
|
+----- Ptychobranchus
--+
+----- Truncilla
|
+----- Venustaconcha
|
+----- Cambarunio
|
+----- Leaunio
|
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+-------------------- Medionidus_conradicus **
|
--+ +----------------- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +----------------- Villosa
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_satura
| +-----------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +----------- Lampsilis_reeveiana
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
| |
+--+-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
|
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 25 | 17 | -- |
+----------------- Toxolasma
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| +-----------+
--+ | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Lemiox
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Dromus
|
| +----------- Cambarunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Villosa
| |
| | +-- Sagittunio
| +--------+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
+-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
|