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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Unionini | Unionina

genus Unio Philipsson in Retzius, 1788: cladomics
     29 Recent valid species (45 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 29 (45 total)
analyzed in 222 cladograms in 131 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 23 (mean = 3.3, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 154
maximum number of included terminals = 23, (mean = 4.32 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232320238000
  +----------------------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                                
  |                          +-- Unio_durieui **      
  |  +-----------------------+                     
  |  |                       +-- Unio_gibbus **       
--+  |                                             
  |  |           +-------------- Unio_damascensis **  
  |  |           |                                 
  |  |           +-------------- Unio_sesirmensis **  
  |  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+  |        |  +----------- Unio_ionicus **      
     |  |        |  |                              
     |  |        +--+        +-- Unio_bruguierianus **
     |  |           |  +-----+                     
     |  |           |  |     +-- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
     |  |           +--+                           
     |  |              |  +----- Unio_vicarius **     
     +--+              +--+                        
        |                 |  +-- Unio_carneus **      
        |                 +--+                     
        |                    +-- Unio_crassus **      
        |                                          
        |                 +----- Unio_caffer **       
        |  +--------------+                        
        |  |              |  +-- Unio_terminalis **   
        |  |              +--+                     
        +--+                 +-- Unio_delicatus **    
           |                                       
           |  +----------------- Unio_pictorum **     
           |  |                                    
           +--+  +-------------- Unio_eucirrus **     
              |  |                                 
              +--+           +-- Unio_elongatulus **  
                 |  +--------+                     
                 |  |        +-- Unio_mancus **       
                 +--+                              
                    |  +-------- Unio_ravoisieri **   
                    |  |                           
                    +--+     +-- Unio_delphinus **    
                       |  +--+                     
                       |  |  +-- Unio_foucauldianus **
                       +--+                        
                          |  +-- Unio_hueti **        
                          +--+                     
                             +-- Unio_tigridis **     

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2323142380010
  +----------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                    
  |              +-- Unio_durieui **      
  +--------------+                     
  |              +-- Unio_gibbus **       
  |                                    
  |     +----------- Unio_sesirmensis **  
  |     |                              
  |  +--+  +-------- Unio_damascensis **  
--+  |  |  |                           
  |  |  |  |  +----- Unio_ionicus **      
  |  |  +--+  |                        
  |  |     |  |  +-- Unio_bruguierianus **
  |  |     |  +--+                     
  |  |     +--+  +-- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
  |  |        |                        
  |  |        |  +-- Unio_carneus **      
  |  |        |  |                     
  |  |        +--+-- Unio_crassus **      
  +--+           |                     
     |           +-- Unio_vicarius **     
     |                                 
     |     +-------- Unio_elongatulus **  
     |     |                           
     |     +-------- Unio_mancus **       
     |     |                           
     |     |     +-- Unio_pictorum **     
     |     +-----+                     
     |     |     +-- Unio_eucirrus **     
     |     |                           
     +-----+  +----- Unio_caffer **       
           +--+                        
           |  |  +-- Unio_terminalis **   
           |  +--+                     
           |     +-- Unio_delicatus **    
           |                           
           |  +----- Unio_ravoisieri **   
           |  |                        
           |  |  +-- Unio_delphinus **    
           +--+--+                     
              |  +-- Unio_foucauldianus **
              |                        
              |  +-- Unio_hueti **        
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unio_tigridis **     

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19191719570029
                                +-- Unio_gibbus **       
  +-----------------------------+                     
  |                             +-- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                                   
  |                    +----------- Unio_terminalis **   
--+  +-----------------+                              
  |  |                 |  +-------- Unio_elongatulus **  
  |  |                 +--+                           
  |  |                    |  +----- Unio_pictorum **     
  |  |                    +--+                        
  +--+                       |  +-- Unio_delphinus **    
     |                       +--+                     
     |                          +-- Unio_mancus **       
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------------- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Unio_desectus **     
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Unio_sesirmensis **  
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unio_ionicus **      
              |  |                                    
              +--+  +-------------- Unio_damascensis **  
                 |  |                                 
                 |  |           +-- Unio_crassus **      
                 +--+  +--------+                     
                    |  |        +-- Unio_gontierii **    
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Unio_bruguierianus **
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Unio_mardinensis **  
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Unio_vicarius **     
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Unio_carneus **      
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Unio_nanus **        

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1717151750027
                                +-- Unio_gibbus **       
  +-----------------------------+                     
  |                             +-- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                                   
--+                          +----- Unio_terminalis **   
  |  +-----------------------+                        
  |  |                       |  +-- Unio_delphinus **    
  |  |                       +--+                     
  +--+                          +-- Unio_pictorum **     
     |                                                
     |  +-------------------------- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Unio_sesirmensis **  
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Unio_ionicus **      
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unio_damascensis **  
              |  |                                    
              +--+  +-------------- Unio_desectus **     
                 |  |                                 
                 |  |           +-- Unio_crassus **      
                 +--+  +--------+                     
                    |  |        +-- Unio_gontierii **    
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Unio_bruguierianus **
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Unio_mardinensis **  
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Unio_vicarius **     
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Unio_carneus **      
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Unio_nanus **        

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1717151750027
  +-------------------------- Unio_gibbus **       
  |                                             
--+  +----------------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |  |                                          
  |  |                 +----- Unio_terminalis **   
  +--+  +--------------+                        
     |  |              |  +-- Unio_delphinus **    
     |  |              +--+                     
     |  |                 +-- Unio_pictorum **     
     +--+                                       
        |  +----------------- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
        |  |                                    
        |  |              +-- Unio_ionicus **      
        +--+  +-----------+                     
           |  |           +-- Unio_carneus **      
           |  |                                 
           |  |           +-- Unio_damascensis **  
           +--+  +--------+                     
              |  |        +-- Unio_sesirmensis **  
              |  |                              
              |  |     +----- Unio_bruguierianus **
              +--+  +--+                        
                 |  |  |  +-- Unio_gontierii **    
                 |  |  +--+                     
                 |  |     +-- Unio_mardinensis **  
                 +--+                           
                    |     +-- Unio_crassus **      
                    |  +--+                     
                    |  |  +-- Unio_nanus **        
                    +--+                        
                       |  +-- Unio_vicarius **     
                       +--+                     
                          +-- Unio_desectus **     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1616141690018
  +----------------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                          
  |              +-------- Unio_damascensis **  
  |  +-----------+                           
--+  |           |  +----- Unio_sesirmensis **  
  |  |           +--+                        
  |  |              |  +-- Unio_bruguierianus **
  |  |              +--+                     
  +--+                 +-- Unio_nanus **        
     |                                       
     |                 +-- Unio_delicatus **    
     |  +--------------+                     
     |  |              +-- Unio_terminalis **   
     |  |                                    
     +--+              +-- Unio_tigridis **     
        |  +-----------+                     
        |  |           +-- Unio_hueti **        
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +----------- Unio_ravoisieri **   
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Unio_pictorum **     
           +--+  +-----+                     
              |  |     +-- Unio_eucirrus **     
              |  |                           
              +--+     +-- Unio_elongatulus **  
                 |  +--+                     
                 |  |  +-- Unio_mancus **       
                 +--+                        
                    |  +-- Unio_foucauldianus **
                    +--+                     
                       +-- Unio_delphinus **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1414121800029
                             +-- Unio_pictorum **        
  +--------------------------+                        
  |                          +-- Unio_delphinus **       
--+                                                   
  |  +-------------------------- Unio_tumidiformis **    
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +----------------------- Unio_sesirmensis **     
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +-------------------- Unio_desectus **        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +----------------- Unio_damascensis **     
           |  |                                       
           |  |  +-------------- Unio_ionicus **         
           +--+  |                                    
              |  |           +-- Unio_nanus **           
              |  |  +--------+                        
              +--+  |        +-- Unio_carneus **         
                 |  |                                 
                 |  |        +-- Unio_gontierii **       
                 |  |        |                        
                 |  |        +-- Unio_crassus__1 **      
                 +--+--------+                        
                    |        +-- Unio_crassus__2 **      
                    |        |                        
                    |        +-- Unio_crassus__3 **      
                    |                                 
                    |  +-------- Unio_vicarius **        
                    |  |                              
                    +--+  +----- Unio_bruguierianus__1 **
                       |  |                           
                       +--+----- Unio_bruguierianus__2 **
                          |                           
                          |  +-- Unio_bruguierianus__3 **
                          +--+                        
                             +-- Unio_mardinensis **     

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131391450020
                 +-- Unio_durieui **      
  +--------------+                     
  |              +-- Unio_gibbus **       
  |                                    
--+  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |  |                                 
  |  |     +-------- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
  |  |  +--+                           
  +--+  |  |  +----- Unio_desectus **     
     |  |  +--+                        
     |  |     |  +-- Unio__1 **           
     |  |     +--+                     
     +--+        +-- Unio_ionicus **      
        |                              
        |        +-- Unio_delphinus **    
        |     +--+                     
        |     |  +-- Unio_foucauldianus **
        |     |                        
        +-----+  +-- Unio_pictorum **     
              |  |                     
              |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **  
              |  |                     
              +--+-- Unio_mancus **       
                 |                     
                 +-- Unio_ravoisieri **   
                 |                     
                 +-- Unio__2 **           

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212101220025
                          +-- Unio_gibbus **       
  +-----------------------+                     
  |                       +-- Unio_durieui **      
--+                                             
  |  +----------------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |  |                                          
  +--+                    +-- Unio **              
     |  +-----------------+                     
     |  |                 +-- Unio_tumidiformis ** 
     +--+                                       
        |  +----------------- Unio_delphinus **    
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------------- Unio_foucauldianus **
           +--+                                 
              |  +----------- Unio_ravoisieri **   
              +--+                              
                 |  +-------- Unio_mancus **       
                 +--+                           
                    |  +----- Unio_elongatulus **  
                    +--+                        
                       |  +-- Unio_pictorum **     
                       +--+                     
                          +-- Unio_caffer **       

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111191160022
              +----- Unio_tumidus **     
  +-----------+                       
  |           |  +-- Unio_gibbus **      
  |           +--+                    
  |              +-- Unio_durieui **     
--+                                   
  |           +----- Unio_tumidiformis **
  |  +--------+                       
  |  |        |  +-- Unio **             
  |  |        +--+                    
  +--+           +-- Unio_crassus **     
     |                                
     |  +----------- Unio_delphinus **   
     +--+                             
        |  +-------- Unio_elongatulus ** 
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Unio_mancus **      
           +--+                       
              |  +-- Unio_pictorum **    
              +--+                    
                 +-- Unio_ravoisieri **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101081000017
  +----------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                    
--+  +-------------- Unio_bruguierianus **
  |  |                                 
  |  |           +-- Unio_delicatus **    
  +--+  +--------+                     
     |  |        +-- Unio_terminalis **   
     |  |                              
     +--+        +-- Unio_tigridis **     
        |  +-----+                     
        |  |     +-- Unio_hueti **        
        |  |                           
        +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum **     
           |  +--+                     
           |  |  +-- Unio_eucirrus **     
           +--+                        
              |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **  
              +--+                     
                 +-- Unio_mancus **       

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
996920018
        +----- Unio_tumidus **     
  +-----+                       
  |     |  +-- Unio_gibbus **      
  |     +--+                    
  |        +-- Unio_durieui **     
--+                             
  |        +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Unio_crassus **     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio **             
     |  |                       
     +--+----- Unio_pictorum **    
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_delphinus **   
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_mancus **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
995980022
           +-- Unio_tumidus **     
  +--------+                    
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
  |                             
--+        +-- Unio **             
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_ravoisieri **  
     |  |                       
     +--+  +-- Unio_mancus **      
        |  |                    
        |  +-- Unio_pictorum **    
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_delphinus **   
           |                    
           +-- Unio_elongatulus ** 

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
884800023
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **      
  |                                 
--+  +----------- Unio_delphinus **    
  |  |                              
  +--+  +-------- Unio_foucauldianus **
     |  |                           
     +--+  +----- Unio_mancus **       
        |  |                        
        |  +----- Unio_elongatulus **  
        +--+                        
           +----- Unio_ravoisieri **   
           |                        
           |  +-- Unio_pictorum **     
           +--+                     
              +-- Unio_terminalis **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775700021
  +----------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unio_pictorum **   
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Unio_sesirmensis **
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unio_damascensis **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Unio_crassus **    
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Unio **            
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unio_nanus **      

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
776880020
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **     
  |                                
--+           +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        +-- Unio__2 **          
  +--+                             
     |  +-------- Unio__1 **          
     |  |                          
     +--+     +-- Unio_delphinus **   
        |  +--+                    
        |  |  +-- Unio_mancus **      
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Unio_pictorum **    
           +--+                    
              +-- Unio_caffer **      

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
776840019
  +-------------- Unio_gibbus **      
  |                                
--+  +----------- Unio_tumidus **     
  |  |                             
  |  |        +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  +--+  +-----+                    
     |  |     +-- Unio_crassus **     
     |  |                          
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
        |  +--+                    
        |  |  +-- Unio_mancus **      
        +--+                       
           |  +-- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
           +--+                    
              +-- Unio_caffer **      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6636900022
  +----------- Unio_tumidus **    
  |                            
--+  +-------- Unio_nanus **      
  |  |                         
  +--+  +----- Unio_elongatulus **
     |  |                      
     +--+  +-- Unio_delphinus **  
        |  |                   
        +--+-- Unio_mancus **     
           |                   
           +-- Unio_pictorum **   

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646820021
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_delphinus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646860023
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_elongatulus **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_delphinus **  
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646860023
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_elongatulus **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_delphinus **  
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646360021
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_delphinus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646900023
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_elongatulus **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_delphinus **  
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664740020
        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
  +-----+                    
  |     +-- Unio_tumidus **     
  |                          
--+     +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  |  +--+                    
  |  |  +-- Unio_crassus **     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
     |  |                    
     +--+-- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
        |                    
        +-- Unio_mancus **      

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664680019
  +----------- Unio_tumidus **     
  |                             
--+        +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
  |  +-----+                    
  |  |     +-- Unio_crassus **     
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_delphinus **   
     +--+                       
        |  +-- Unio_mancus **      
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_pictorum **    

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646480021
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_delphinus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_mancus **     

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646470019
  +-------------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unio_crassus **    
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unio_delphinus **  
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Unio_mancus **     
           +--+                   
              +-- Unio_elongatulus **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
673750022
        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
        |                    
  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
  |     |                    
  |     +-- Anodonta         
--+                          
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
  |  |                       
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
  +--+                       
     +----- Unio_mancus **      
     |                       
     |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
     +--+                    
        +-- Unio_crassus **     

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553570022
  +----------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unio_nanus **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unio_elongatulus **
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unio_mancus **     
        +--+                   
           +-- Unio_pictorum **   

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554610025
  +-------------- Unio_pictorum__2 **  
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Unio_foucauldianus **
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Unio_delphinus **    
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Unio_tigridis **     
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **  
           +--+                     
              +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **  

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553510018
  +----------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unio_crassus **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Unio_mancus **     
        +--+                   
           +-- Unio_elongatulus **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441470022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
--+----- Unio_gibbus **  
  |                   
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424270021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442450021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio **         
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_mancus **  

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424400021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441440022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
--+----- Unio_gibbus **  
  |                   
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424820021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424270021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424420021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424650021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424700021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424380019
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_crassus **  
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424610021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **    
--+                         
  |  +----- Unio_elongatulus **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unio_carneus **    
     +--+                   
        +-- Unio_nanus **      

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424190021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424450021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424520021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442450021
  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_mancus **  

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424160021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44241950019
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_crassus **  
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441400020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
--+  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Unio_crassus ** 
     |                
     +-- Unio_mancus **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44241970019
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_crassus **  
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424500021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424440021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442410021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_caffer **  
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424700021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424340021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4414110020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
--+----- Unio_gibbus **  
  |                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424360021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4414760020
  +----- Unio_gibbus **  
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424350021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424140021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424700021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442460021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442420021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_nanus **   
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424130021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424400021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_delphinus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44241970019
  +-------- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                       
  |  +----- Unio_crassus **  
  +--+                    
     |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
     +--+                 
        +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442450021
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio **         
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_mancus **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44141180020
  +----- Unio_gibbus **  
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313380022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
310031220028
  +-- Unio_crassus **         
  |                        
  +-- Unio_pictorum **        
  |                        
  +-- Unio_tumidus **         
  |                        
  +-- Aculamprotula        
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
--+                        
  +-- Tchangsinaia         
  |                        
  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae 
  |                        
  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae
  |                        
  +-- Schistodesmus        

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313200022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313140020
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_crassus **  
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331340020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313160022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331330022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_nanus **   

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331350022
  +----- Unio_nanus **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313650022
  +----- Unio_nanus **    
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331330022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_nanus **   

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313730020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313100022
  +----- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331340022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_nanus **   

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313530020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330340022
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
  |                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313650022
  +----- Unio_nanus **    
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331320022
  +----- Unio_pictorum **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331330022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353330024
  +----------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodonta     
        +--+                
           +-- Pseudanodonta

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330340021
  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  |                
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
  |                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331350022
  +----- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313330020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313150020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313190022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313650022
  +----- Unio_nanus **    
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313150022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33131360020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313200022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_delphinus **
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_nanus **    

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313380022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313730020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331370022
  +----- Unio_mancus **     
--+                      
  |  +-- Unio_elongatulus **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unio_pictorum **   

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313800020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331350022
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_nanus **   

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313190022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313160022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **  
--+                    
  |  +-- Unio_nanus **    
  +--+                 
     +-- Unio_delphinus **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331320022
  +----- Unio_nanus **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331300022
  +----- Unio_tumidus **
--+                  
  |  +-- Unio_crassus **
  +--+               
     +-- Unio_nanus **  

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353330022
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                      
--+     +-- Anodonta     
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331330022
  +----- Unio_nanus **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_pictorum **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33131360020
  +----- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio_crassus ** 

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024500--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021100--
  +-- Unio_nanus **  
--+               
  +-- Unio_tumidus **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021100--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024400--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202600--
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                
  +-- Unio_pictorum **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202900--
  +-- Unio_delphinus **
--+                 
  +-- Unio_tumidus **  

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023200--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2502290024
  +----------- Unio_pictorum **
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon    
        +--+                
           +-- Strophitus   

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023600--
  +-- Unio_delphinus **
--+                 
  +-- Unio_tumidus **  

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023400--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024300--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2502290024
  +-------- Unio_pictorum **
  |                      
--+-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodonta     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Strophitus   
     +--+                
        +-- Pyganodon    

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2402140023
  +-------- Unio_pictorum **  
--+                        
  |  +----- Anodonta       
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
     +--+                  
        +-- Lamellidens    

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **  
--+                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2402130023
  +-- Anodonta       
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotula  

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021100--
  +-- Unio_nanus **  
--+               
  +-- Unio_tumidus **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021700--
  +-- Unio_mancus **     
--+                   
  +-- Unio_elongatulus **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025100--
  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                
  +-- Unio_pictorum **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 
--+                 
  +-- Unio_delphinus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025100--
  +-- Unio_nanus **    
--+                 
  +-- Unio_delphinus **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021600--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024400--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202100--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023400--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024300--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202900--
  +-- Unio_delphinus **
--+                 
  +-- Unio_tumidus **  

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **  
--+                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2703230027
  +-------------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
  |                               
--+           +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Unio_caffer **     
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Anodonta        
     |  |                         
     +--+  +----- Lasmigona       
        |  |                      
        +--+  +-- Strophitus      
           |  |                   
           +--+-- Alasmidonta     
              |                   
              +-- Pyganodon       

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024500--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_caffer **  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202100--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023900--
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
--+                
  +-- Unio_nanus **   

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021500--
  +-- Unio_crassus **  
--+                 
  +-- Unio_delphinus **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2902130028
  +-- Aculamprotula  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilis      
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodonta       
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Lamellidens    
  |                  
  +-- Elliptio       

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202800--
  +-- Unio_delphinus **
--+                 
  +-- Unio_tumidus **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023000--
  +-- Unio_delphinus **
--+                 
  +-- Unio_pictorum ** 

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013300--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Unio **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Unio_delphinus **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012700--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Unio_tumidus **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012100--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013600--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015200--
-- Unio_nanus **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012000--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012300--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011200--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012100--
-- Unio_crassus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Unio_delphinus **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011700--
-- Unio_tumidus **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Unio_gibbus **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015200--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013300--
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012200--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011100--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012700--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012100--
-- Unio_crassus **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_delphinus **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012900--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Unio_delphinus **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Unio_gibbus **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014500--
-- Unio_crassus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Unio_crassus **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Unio_delphinus **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012300--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013900--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Unio **

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011100--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012100--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011100--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012100--
-- Unio_pictorum **
 
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