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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Hyrioidea | Hyriidae | Hyriinae | Castaliini

genus Castalia Lamarck, 1819: cladomics
     13 Recent valid species (13 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 13 (13 total)
analyzed in 39 cladograms in 25 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.15, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 5
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.2 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.4

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3566628220
  +----------------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
  |                                     
--+  +-------------- Callonaia          
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Castalia_stevensi **  
     |  |                               
     +--+  +-------- Castalia_ambigua__3 **
        |  |                            
        +--+     +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
           |  +--+                      
           |  |  +-- Castaliella        
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
              +--+                      
                 +-- Castalia **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 2a_b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240518224
  +-------------- Castalia_stevensi **  
  |                                  
--+           +-- Callonaia          
  |  +--------+                      
  |  |        +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
  +--+                               
     |  +-------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
     +--+                            
        |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
        +--+                         
           |  +-- Castaliella        
           +--+                      
              +-- Castalia_ambigua__3 **

Olivera-Hyde et al., 2020 [Publ 4249], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202111--
  +----- Callonaia        
--+                       
  |  +-- Castalia_ambigua ** 
  +--+                    
     +-- Castalia_stevensi **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240518222
  +----------------- Castalia_ambigua__4 **
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Callonaia          
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------- Castalia_ambigua__3 **
     +--+                               
        |  +-------- Castalia_stevensi **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Castaliella        
              +--+                      
                 +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **

Santos-Neto et al., 2018 [Publ 3888], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202311--
  +----- Callonaia        
--+                       
  |  +-- Castalia_ambigua ** 
  +--+                    
     +-- Castalia_stevensi **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Castalia **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013500--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013500--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119700--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Castalia **

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014500--
-- Castalia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113700--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014600--
-- Castalia **

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011700--
-- Castalia **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014500--
-- Castalia **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Castalia_stevensi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014600--
-- Castalia **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019000--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1202622--
  +-------- Callonaia          
--+                            
  |  +----- Castalia_ambigua__2 **
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Castalia_ambigua__1 **
     +--+                      
        +-- Castaliella

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013500--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113700--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012900--
-- Castalia_ambigua **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013300--
-- Castalia_stevensi **
 
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