The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini genus Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927: cladomics
4 Recent valid species (5 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 4 (5 total)
analyzed in 30 cladograms in 16 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
4 (mean = 2.2, median = 3) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 18
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean =
3 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.89
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 4 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__2 **
|
+--------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__3 **
| |
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
--+
| +-------- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__1 **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
| +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_estabrookiana **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 628 | 62 | 8 | 13 | +-------------------------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------------------------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_fisheriana
--+ | +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Elliptio_nasutidus
| | |
| | | +----------------------------------------------------- Elliptio_spinosa
| | | |
+--+ | | +----------------------------- Elliptio_dariensis__5
| | | |
| | | | +----- Elliptio_arctata__3
| | | | |
| | | | +----- Elliptio_crassidens__4
| | | | +--------------------+
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_mcmichaeli__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__5
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--------------------+ | +-- Elliptio_roanokensis
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_complanata__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_pullata__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_icterina__3
| | | | | |
| | | | +--------------------+ +-- Elliptio_dariensis__4
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Elliptio_jayensis__2
| | | +--+ |
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_congaraea__2
+--+ | | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__3
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Elliptio_fumata__2
| | | |
| | | +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli__1
| | |
| | | +----------------------- Elliptio_crassidens__2
| | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_arca__2
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__1
| | | |
| | | | +-------- Elliptio_icterina__2
| | | | +-----------+
| | +--+ | | +----- Elliptio_dariensis__3
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_dariensis__2
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_mediocris
| | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_folliculata__2
| | | | +-----------+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_purpurella__2
| | +--+ |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_jayensis__1
+--+ | +--+-----------+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_pullata__1
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Elliptio_arca__1
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Elliptio_arctata__2
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Elliptio_fumata__1
| | | +--+
| +--+ | +-- Elliptio_arctata__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_purpurella__1
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_congaraea__1
| | |
| | +--------+-- Elliptio__1
| | | |
| | | +-- Elliptio__2
| | |
| +-----+ +-- Elliptio_complanata__1
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__1
| | |
| +--+ +----- Elliptio_dariensis__1
| | |
| | +----- Elliptio_producta
| +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__2
| | |
| +--+-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__3
| |
| +-- Elliptio_icterina__1
|
| +----- Elliptio_shepardiana
| +-----------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Elliptio_angustata
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_folliculata__1
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Hemistena
| | +--------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus
+--+ |
| | +-------------------------------------- Elliptio_fraterna
| | |
| | | +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | | +-- Plethobasus_cooperianus
+--+ | | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-------- Pleurobema_cordatum
| | | | +-----------+
| | | | | | +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Fusconaia_cor
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus
| | |
| | | +----------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Fusconaia_escambia__2
| | | | +--------+
| | +--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Fusconaia_escambia__1
| | | |
| | +--+ +----- Fusconaia_masoni
| | | |
+--+ | +-----+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1
| | | | |
| | | +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2
| | | |
| +--+ +-- Fusconaia_flava__2
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_askewi
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_chunii
| +--+
| | +----- Fusconaia_flava__1
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_iheringi
| +--+
| +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli
|
| +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| |
| | +----------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
+--+ |
| | +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| +--------------+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava__1
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_clava__2
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobema_rubellum
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_taitianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_perovatum
Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 13 | +----------- Pleuronaia_gibber **
|
--+ +-- Pleurobema
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_estabrookiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 39 | 22 | 8 | 11 | +----------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
--+ |
| | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +-- Pleurobema_clava
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
| | +-- Eurynia
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Hemistena
| +-----+
| | | +-- Plethobasus
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Parvaspina
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 102 | 56 | 8 | 12 | +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +-------------------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
--+ | +----------------------------------- Plethobasus
| | |
| | +----------------------------------- Eurynia
| | |
| | +----------------------------------- Hemistena
+--+ |
| +----------------------------------- Elliptio
| |
| | +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | |
| | +-----------------------------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| | | |
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+ |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| | +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Fusconaia
| | |
| | | +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| | | |
| | | | +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | +--+ | +--+
| | | | | | | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
| | | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-----------+ +-- Pleurobema_athearni
+--+ | | | | |
| | +--+ | | +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
| | | | |
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
| | | |
| | | +--+ +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | | | |
| | | | | +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
| | | | +--+
+--+ | | | +----- Pleurobema_taitianum
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| +--+ +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__6
| | |
| | +--+----- Pleurobema_clava__3
| | | |
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__5
| | | +--+
| +--------+ +-- Pleurobema_clava__2
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
| | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__3
| +--+
| +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__4
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava__1
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| |
| | +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__34
| | |
| | | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__31
| | | |
+-----------+ | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__32
| | |
| | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__33
| | |
| | | +-------- Pleurobema__4
| | | |
| | | +-------- Pleurobema__5
+--+ | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema__8
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema__9
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema__10
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__5
+--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__6
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__7
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__8
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__9
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__10
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__11
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__12
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__13
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__14
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__15
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__16
+--+
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__17
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__18
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__19
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__20
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__21
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__22
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__23
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__24
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__25
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__26
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__27
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__28
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__29
|
+-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__30
|
| +-- Pleurobema__6
+-----+
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
|
| +-- Pleurobema__7
+-----+
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__4
|
| +----- Pleurobema__3
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema__1
+--+
+-- Pleurobema__2
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 38 | 32 | 7 | 11 | +----------------------------------- Parvaspina
|
| +-- Plethobasus
--+ +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Fusconaia
| |
| | +-- Eurynia
| | +-----------------------+
+--+ | +-- Hemistena
| |
| | +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
| | +-----+
| | | | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
+--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | |
| | | +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
| +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_georgianum
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_taitianum
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 39 | 22 | 8 | 11 | +-------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------- Hemistena
| |
--+ +----------- Plethobasus
| |
| +----------- Elliptio
| |
+--+ +-- Eurynia
+--------+
| +-- Parvaspina
|
| +-------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+-------- Fusconaia
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 32 | 32 | 7 | 13 | +----------------------------------- Parvaspina
|
| +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
--+ |
| | +-- Plethobasus
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Hemistena
| +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Eurynia
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
| |
| | +----------------------- Fusconaia
+--+ |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_stabile
| | |
| | +-----------+ +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
+--+ | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
| | | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
+--+ |
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| |
+--+ +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
+----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_taitianum
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 99 | 27 | 8 | 11 | +----------------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +-------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +-- Plethobasus
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
+--+ +-------- Fusconaia
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+ +-- Eurynia
+-----+
| +-- Parvaspina
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 11 | +----------------- Pleurobema
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
|
| +----------- Fusconaia
+--+
| +-------- Parvaspina
+--+
| +----- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Eurynia
+--+
+-- Hemistena
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 99 | 27 | 8 | 11 | +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------------- Plethobasus
--+ |
| +----------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| +----------------------------- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------------------------- Eurynia
| |
| +-------------------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +----------------------- Fusconaia
+--+ |
| | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum
+--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| |
| +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
|
+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 40 | 22 | 8 | 13 | +----------------------- Elliptio
|
--+ +-------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +----------------- Parvaspina
+--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| +--------------+
| | +-- Plethobasus
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_stabile
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 32 | 7 | 11 | +----------------------- Hemistena
|
+----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
|
| +-------------------- Eurynia
--+ |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | |
| | +--------+ +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
| | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
+--+ +-------------- Parvaspina
| |
| +-------------- Fusconaia
| |
| | +-- Plethobasus
| +-----------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
| | +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+--------+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| +--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
|
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
+--+
+-------- Pleurobema_georgianum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
+----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_taitianum
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 39 | 22 | 8 | 11 | +----------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +-------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Hemistena
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_clava
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia
| +-----+
| | | +-- Plethobasus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Elliptio
|
| +-------- Parvaspina
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 70 | 38 | 8 | 11 | +-------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava
--+ | +-----------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | |
| | +-----+ +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | | |
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--+ | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| | | |
+--+ | +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| +--+
| +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
+--+
| +-------------- Fusconaia
| |
| | +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
+--+
| +-- Eurynia
| +-----+
| | +-- Parvaspina
+--+
| +----- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Hemistena
+--+
+-- Plethobasus
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 70 | 38 | 8 | 11 | +-------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------- Elliptio
| |
--+ | +-- Eurynia
| +--------+
| | +-- Parvaspina
| |
+--+ +-- Hemistena
+--------+
| +-- Plethobasus
|
| +-- Fusconaia
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 26 | 6 | -- | +----- Eurynia
+-----------------+
| | +-- Plethobasus
| +--+
| +-- Elliptio
|
| +-------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
--+ |
| | +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Fusconaia
| +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
| | | |
| | +--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
|
| +-------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
+--+ +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_georgianum
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 20 | 6 | -- | +-------------------- Parvaspina
|
| +----------------- Elliptio_arca
| |
--+ +----------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_arctata
| +--------------+
| | +-- Elliptio_crassidens
+--+
| +-------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +----------- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | |
| | +----------- Pleurobema_clava
| | |
+--+ +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
| +----------- Pleurobema_georgianum
| |
| +----------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
+--+----------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
|
+----------- Pleurobema_decisum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
+--------+
| +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
|
| +-------- Elliptio_spinosa
| |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_escambia
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava
+--+
+----- Fusconaia_cerina
|
| +-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 20 | 8 | -- | +----------------- Elliptio
|
| +-------------- Parvaspina
--+ |
| +-------------- Plethobasus
| |
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+-----------+
| +-- Eurynia
|
| +----------- Fusconaia
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
+-- Pleurobema_clava
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 4 | 4 | -- | +-------- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
|
--+-------- Pleurobema
|
| +----- Fusconaia
+--+
| +-- Hemistena
+--+
+-- Eurynia
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 7 | 5 | -- | +----------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-- Eurynia
| +-----+
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 21 | 7 | -- | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 21 | 7 | -- | Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
--+
+-- Fusconaia
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Elliptoideus
--+
| +----------- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 23 | 7 | -- | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
+--------+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
+--------+
| | +-------- Fusconaia
| | |
| +--+ +----- Pleuronaia_gibber **
| | |
| | | +-- Eurynia
| +--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| | |
--+ +--+-- Plethobasus
| |
| +-- Parvaspina
| |
| +-- Elliptio
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| | +-------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | |
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
|
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
+--+-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_perovatum
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 8 | -- | +-------------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +----------- Elliptio
| |
| +----------- Plethobasus
+--+
| +-------- Parvaspina
| |
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+-----+
| +-- Eurynia
|
| +----- Fusconaia
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 7 | 5 | -- | +----------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-- Eurynia
| +-----+
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Eurynia
--+
+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides **
|
+-- Fusconaia
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 23 | 7 | -- | +----------------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-------------- Hemistena
| |
+--+ +-- Plethobasus
| +--------+
| | +-- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema
+--+
| +-- Eurynia
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia_gibber **
|
