The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini genus Fusconaia Simpson, 1900: cladomics
14 Recent valid species (19 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 14 (19 total)
analyzed in 92 cladograms in 52 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
13 (mean = 3.03, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 36
maximum number of included terminals = 13, (mean =
6.19 median = 5.5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.89
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 14 | 50 | 92 | 46 | 8 | 0 | +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +-------------------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| | +----------------------------------- Plethobasus
| | |
| | +----------------------------------- Eurynia
--+ | |
| | +----------------------------------- Hemistena
| | |
| | +----------------------------------- Elliptio
| | |
| | | +-------------------------------- Pleuronaia
| | | |
+--+ | | +-------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| | | |
| | | | +----------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | +--+ | +--+
| | | | | | | | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
| | | | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-----------+ +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| | | | | | | |
| | | | +--+ | | +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
+--+ | | | | | |
| | | | | +--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
| | | | | |
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
| | | | |
| | | | +--+ +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2
| | | | | | |
| | | | | +--+----------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | | | | |
| | | | | | +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +----- Pleurobema_taitianum
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| | | +--+ +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1
| | | |
| | | | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__6
| | | | |
| | | | +--+----- Pleurobema_clava__3
| | | | | |
+--+ | | | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__5
| | | | +--+
| | +--------+ +-- Pleurobema_clava__2
| | |
| | | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
| | | |
| | | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__3
| | +--+
| | +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__4
| | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_clava__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| |
| | +----------------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | |
| | | +-------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__34
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__31
| | | | |
| +-----------+ | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__32
| | | | |
| | | | +----------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__33
| | | | |
| | | | | +-------- Pleurobema__4
| | | | | |
| | | | | +-------- Pleurobema__5
| | +--+ | |
| | | | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | | | |
| | | | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
| | | | |
| | | | +-------- Pleurobema__8
| | | | |
| | | | +-------- Pleurobema__9
| | | | |
| | | | +-------- Pleurobema__10
| | | | |
+--+ | | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__5
| +--+ |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__6
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__7
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__8
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__9
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__10
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__11
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__12
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__13
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__14
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__15
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__16
| +--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__17
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__18
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__19
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__20
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__21
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__22
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__23
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__24
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__25
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__26
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__27
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__28
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__29
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_sintoxia__30
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema__6
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema__7
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__4
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema__3
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema__1
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema__2
|
| +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum
| |
| | +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| | +-----------------+
+--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
| | +-------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
+--+ |
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| | +--------------+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| | |
| | | +----- Fusconaia_flava__27 **
| | | |
+--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **
| | | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **
| | | |
+--+ | +-- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **
| +--+
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_chunii **
|
| +-------------- Fusconaia_masoni **
| |
| | +----------- Fusconaia_flava__26 **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cerina__8 **
+--+ | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_flava__25 **
| | |
| | | +----- Fusconaia_flava__5 **
| | | |
| | | +----- Fusconaia_flava__6 **
+--+ | |
| | +----- Fusconaia_flava__7 **
| | |
| | +----- Fusconaia_flava__8 **
| | |
| | +----- Fusconaia_cerina__4 **
| | |
| | +----- Fusconaia_flava__9 **
| | |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_flava__10 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__11 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__12 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__13 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__14 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__15 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__16 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__17 **
+--+
+----- Fusconaia_flava__18 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__19 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__20 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__21 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__22 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__23 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_flava__24 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cerina__5 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cerina__6 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cerina__7 **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **
| |
+--+-- Fusconaia_flava__4 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 618 | 52 | 8 | 38 | +-------------------------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------------------------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_fisheriana
--+ | +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Elliptio_nasutidus
| | |
| | | +----------------------------------------------------- Elliptio_spinosa
| | | |
+--+ | | +----------------------------- Elliptio_dariensis__5
| | | |
| | | | +----- Elliptio_arctata__3
| | | | |
| | | | +----- Elliptio_crassidens__4
| | | | +--------------------+
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_mcmichaeli__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__5
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--------------------+ | +-- Elliptio_roanokensis
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_complanata__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_pullata__2
| | | | | |
| | | | | +----- Elliptio_icterina__3
| | | | | |
| | | | +--------------------+ +-- Elliptio_dariensis__4
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | | +-- Elliptio_jayensis__2
| | | +--+ |
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_congaraea__2
+--+ | | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__3
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Elliptio_fumata__2
| | | |
| | | +-- Elliptio_mcmichaeli__1
| | |
| | | +----------------------- Elliptio_crassidens__2
| | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_arca__2
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_crassidens__1
| | | |
| | | | +-------- Elliptio_icterina__2
| | | | +-----------+
| | +--+ | | +----- Elliptio_dariensis__3
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_dariensis__2
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_mediocris
| | | |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_folliculata__2
| | | | +-----------+
| | | | | +-- Elliptio_purpurella__2
| | +--+ |
| | | | +-- Elliptio_jayensis__1
+--+ | +--+-----------+
| | | | +-- Elliptio_pullata__1
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Elliptio_arca__1
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Elliptio_arctata__2
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Elliptio_fumata__1
| | | +--+
| +--+ | +-- Elliptio_arctata__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_purpurella__1
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_congaraea__1
| | |
| | +--------+-- Elliptio__1
| | | |
| | | +-- Elliptio__2
| | |
| +-----+ +-- Elliptio_complanata__1
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__1
| | |
| +--+ +----- Elliptio_dariensis__1
| | |
| | +----- Elliptio_producta
| +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__2
| | |
| +--+-- Elliptio_hopetonensis__3
| |
| +-- Elliptio_icterina__1
|
| +----- Elliptio_shepardiana
| +-----------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Elliptio_angustata
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio_folliculata__1
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Hemistena
| | +--------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus
+--+ |
| | +-------------------------------------- Elliptio_fraterna
| | |
| | | +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| | | |
+--+ | +--+ +----------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| | | | |
| | | | | +-------------------------- Pleuronaia
| | | +--+ |
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | | | | +-----+
| | | | | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| | | +--+ +--------------+
+--+ | | | | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_clava__1
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| | | +--------------+
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_clava__2
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
+--+ |
| | +----------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__2
| +--+
| | +-------------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| +--+
| | +----------- Pleurobema_strodeanum__2
| +--+
| | +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum__1
| +--+
| | +----- Pleurobema_taitianum
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum__1
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Plethobasus_cooperianus
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
+-----------+ +-------- Pleurobema_cordatum
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
|
| +----------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
| | +----- Fusconaia_escambia__2 **
| | +--------+
+--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia__1 **
| |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_masoni **
| |
| +-----+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
| | | |
| | +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
| | |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_chunii **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 17 | 30 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 26 | +----------------------------------- Eurynia
|
+----------------------------------- Pleurobema
|
| +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
--+ +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
| | +----------- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
+--+ | | |
| | +--+ +----- Fusconaia_flava__3 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
| | | |
| | +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
+--+ |
| +-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
|
| +----------------------- Fusconaia_masoni **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| +--------------------+
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
|
| +-------------------- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Fusconaia_chunii **
| |
| | +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi__9 **
+--+ |
| | +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__6 **
| | |
+--+ +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__7 **
| |
| +----------- Fusconaia_askewi__8 **
| |
| +----------- Fusconaia_lananensis__5 **
+--+
+----------- Fusconaia_lananensis__6 **
|
| +-------- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **
| |
| +-------- Fusconaia_lananensis__4 **
| |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **
| |
+--+----- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_lananensis__1 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_lananensis__2 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_lananensis__3 **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 30 | 24 | 7 | 43 | +----------------------------------- Parvaspina
|
| +-- Plethobasus
| +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
--+ | +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--------+ +--------------+
| | | | | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
+--+ | | |
| | | | +-------- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ | | +----- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Fusconaia_lananensis **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+ | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| +--+
| | +----- Fusconaia_masoni **
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
| +--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
|
| +-- Eurynia
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Hemistena
| |
| | +----------- Pleuronaia
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
| +-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_georgianum
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_taitianum
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 40 | +-------------- Pleurobema
|
| +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| +-----+
--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
| +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_askewi **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_chunii **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 16 | 25 | 24 | 7 | 43 | +-------------------------------- Hemistena
|
+-------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
|
| +----------------------------- Eurynia
| |
--+ | +-------- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | | | |
| | | +--+----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
| | | |
+--+ | | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
| | +----------------------- Parvaspina
| | |
| | +----------------------- Pleuronaia
| | |
+--+ | +-- Plethobasus
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | |
| | | +-------- Pleurobema_decisum
| +-----------+ |
| | | +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | |
+--+ | +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| +--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| +--+
| +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
|
| +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
| | +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
+--+ |
| | +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| | +--+-----+
+--+ | | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| | |
| | | +----- Fusconaia_cerina **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_askewi__1 **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_flava **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__2 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__3 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi__4 **
+--------+
+-- Fusconaia_lananensis__1 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_lananensis__2 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_askewi__5 **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 41 | +----------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +-------------------- Elliptio
--+ |
| +-------------------- Plethobasus
| |
+--+ +----------------- Parvaspina
| |
| | +-- Hemistena
| +--------------+
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+
| +-- Pleuronaia
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema
| |
| | +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+ |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_flava **
| |
| +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+-----+
| +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_askewi **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_chunii **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 25 | 25 | 7 | 45 | +----------------------------------- Parvaspina
|
| +-------------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| |
--+ | +-- Plethobasus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Hemistena
| | +-----------------------+
+--+ | | +-- Eurynia
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
| | +-------------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
| | |
+--+ | +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | | +--------+
| | +--------+ | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| | | | |
| | | | | +-------- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
| | | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +-------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| | | |
| | | +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
| | | |
| | | | +----- Fusconaia_askewi **
| | +--+--+
| | | | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
| | |
| +-----+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
|
| +-------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| +-----------+ +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
| | | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
|
| +----------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| |
+--+ +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
+----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_taitianum
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 33 | 16 | 8 | 41 | +-------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------- Hemistena
| |
--+ +----------------------- Plethobasus
| |
| +----------------------- Elliptio
| |
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+--------------------+
| +-- Parvaspina
|
| +-------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| +-------------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
|
| +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 43 | +-------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------- Elliptio
| |
--+ | +-- Eurynia
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Parvaspina
| |
+--+ +-- Hemistena
+--------------------+
| +-- Plethobasus
|
| +-------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+ +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
| | +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| | +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 33 | 16 | 8 | 43 | +-------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------------- Hemistena
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
+--+ +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_clava
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
+--+
| +-- Parvaspina
| +-----------------------+
| | +-- Pleuronaia
| |
+--+ +-- Plethobasus
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 33 | 16 | 8 | 43 | +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +-------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
--+ |
| | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | +-----------------------------+
+--+ | | +-- Pleurobema_clava
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Hemistena
| +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Plethobasus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Elliptio
|
| +-------------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Parvaspina
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
| +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 43 | +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava
--+ | +-----------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | |
| | +-----------+ +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | | |
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
+--+ | | | +--+
| | +--+ | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_decisum
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| | | |
| | | +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
+--+ +--+
| +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| |
| | +----------- Pleuronaia
+--+ |
| +--------+ +-- Eurynia
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Parvaspina
| | +--+
| | | +----- Elliptio
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Hemistena
| +--+
| +-- Plethobasus
|
| +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 9 | 16 | 34 | 16 | 8 | 41 | +-------------------------------------- Elliptio
|
--+ +----------------------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-------------------------------- Parvaspina
+--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Plethobasus
+--+
| +----------------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_stabile
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| +-----------------+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_clava
+--+ +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
|
| +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava__6 **
| | +--------+
+--+ | +-- Fusconaia_masoni **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| | |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__5 **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+ |
| +-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
| |
+--+-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava__4 **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 23 | 21 | 6 | 42 | +----- Eurynia
+--------------------------+
| | +-- Plethobasus
| +--+
| +-- Elliptio
|
| +----------------------------- Pleurobema_plenum
| |
--+ +----------------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| | +-------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| | +-----------+ +--+
+--+ | | | | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
| | |
| | | +-- Pleurobema_clava
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
| +-----------------+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__2
| | | |
| | +--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3
|
| +-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum__1
| |
+--+ +----------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
+--+ +----------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_masoni **
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava__3 **
| |
+--+ +----- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
| |
| +----- Fusconaia_cerina__4 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina__3 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 31 | 14 | 8 | 46 | +----------------------- Elliptio
|
| +-------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| +-------------------- Plethobasus
--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Eurynia
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| | +--+
| +--------+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| | |
| | | +----- Pleuronaia
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | | |
+--+ +--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
|
| +-------------- Fusconaia_askewi **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia_iheringi **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_flava__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava__1 **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 95 | 23 | 8 | 46 | +-------------------------------- Elliptoideus
|
| +----------------------------- Plethobasus
| |
--+ +----------------------------- Parvaspina
| |
| +----------------------------- Elliptio
| |
| | +-------------------------- Eurynia
+--+ |
| +-------------------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
| | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| | | +--+
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
| |
| | +-------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| | |
| | | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
| +--------+ +--------+
| | | | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+ | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
| +--+
| | +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| +--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
|
| +-------------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| | +--------+
+--+ | | +----- Pleurobema_strodeanum
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| |
| +-----------+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema_clava
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
|
+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 95 | 23 | 8 | 45 | +----------------------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +-------------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +-- Plethobasus
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
| | +-------------- Pleuronaia
+--+ |
| +-------------- Pleurobema
| |
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+-----------+
| +-- Parvaspina
|
| +----------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cor **
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
| |
| | +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1 **
+--+ |
| +--+-- Fusconaia_cerina__2 **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 50 | +-------- Pleurobema_decisum
+--------+
| | +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum
--+ +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
|
| +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobema_oviforme
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cor **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 33 | 31 | 6 | 46 | +----------------- Pleurobema
|
| +-------------- Pleuronaia
--+ |
| | +-------- Parvaspina
| | +--+
+--+ | | +----- Elliptio
| | +--+
| | | +-- Eurynia
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hemistena
|
| +-- Fusconaia_masoni **
| +--+
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+-----+
| +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cor **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 50 | 3 | 3 | 48 | +----------- Pleurobema
|
--+ +-- Elliptio
| +-----+
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_askewi **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_burkei **
Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 48 | +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__2
|
+--------------+-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__3
| |
| +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana
--+
| +-------------- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides__1
| |
| | +-- Pleuronaia_gibber
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Pleuronaia_estabrookiana
| |
+--+ +-------- Pleurobema
| |
| | +----- Fusconaia_cuneolus__1 **
+--+ |
| +----- Fusconaia_cuneolus__2 **
| |
+--+----- Fusconaia_cuneolus__3 **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cuneolus__4 **
|
| +-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cor **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 19 | 6 | 49 | +----------------- Parvaspina
|
| +-------------- Elliptio_arca
| |
--+ +-------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +-- Elliptio_arctata
| +-----------+
| | +-- Elliptio_crassidens
+--+
| +----------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_oviforme
| | |
| | +-------- Pleurobema_clava
| | |
+--+ +-------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_georgianum
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
+--+-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
|
+-------- Pleurobema_decisum
|
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
+-----+
| +-- Pleurobema_rubellum
|
| +----- Elliptio_spinosa
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_escambia **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cerina **
|
+-- Pleuronaia
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Pleurobema
--+
| +----------- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Pleurobema
--+
| +----------- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Pleurobema
--+
| +----------- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-------- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------- Pleurobema
|
--+ +----- Fusconaia_flava **
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1 **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2 **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_burkei__3 **
|
+-- Fusconaia_escambia **
Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 47 | +-------------- Pleuronaia_gibber
|
| +----- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Pleuronaia_estabrookiana
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana
|
| +-------- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cor **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_cuneolus **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-------------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-- Eurynia
| +--------+
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 22 | 7 | -- | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
+--------+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2
|
+--------+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
| | |
| +--+ +----- Pleuronaia
| | |
| | | +-- Eurynia
| +--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| | |
--+ +--+-- Plethobasus
| |
| +-- Parvaspina
| |
| +-- Elliptio
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| | +-------------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| | |
+--+ | +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
|
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
| +--------+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
+--+-------- Pleurobema_strodeanum
|
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_taitianum
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_perovatum
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 40 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-------------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-- Eurynia
| +--------+
| | +-- Hemistena
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----- Pleuronaia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_subrotunda **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 22 | 7 | -- | +----------------- Parvaspina
|
--+ +-------------- Hemistena
| |
| | +-- Plethobasus
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Elliptio
| |
+--+ +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
| +-----+
| | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema
+--+
| +-- Eurynia
+--+
+-- Pleuronaia
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 46 | +-- Elliptio_arctata
+-----+
| +-- Elliptio_crassidens
|
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_stabile
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
--+ +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
| |
| +----- Pleuronaia
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__3
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_cordatum
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
| +----- Hemistena
+--+
+----- Fusconaia_flava **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cerina **
|
+----- Eurynia
|
+----- Elliptio_arca
|
+----- Cyrtonaias
|
| +-- Plethobasus
+--+
| +-- Parvaspina
|
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
|
| +-- Pleurobema_athearni
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
|
+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Hemistena
--+
| +----- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Hemistena
--+
| +----- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_burkei **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 23 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 47 | +-------------------- Cyrtonaias
|
+-------------------- Eurynia
|
+-------------------- Fusconaia_cerina **
|
+-------------------- Fusconaia_flava **
|
+-------------------- Hemistena
|
+-------------------- Plethobasus
|
+-------------------- Parvaspina
|
--+-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum
|
+-------------------- Pleuronaia
|
+-------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__2
|
+-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile
|
+-------------------- Elliptio
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_decisum
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema_clava
+--+
+----------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__1
|
| +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum
| |
+--+ +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme
| |
+--+ +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2
+--+
+-------- Pleurobema_georgianum__2
|
| +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_athearni
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 4 | 4 | -- | +-------- Pleuronaia
|
--+-------- Pleurobema
|
| +----- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-- Hemistena
+--+
+-- Eurynia
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 2 | -- | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 0 | 0 | -- | Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleuronaia
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 4 | 4 | -- | +-------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +-- Elliptio
| +--+
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 4 | 4 | -- | +-------- Elliptoideus
|
--+ +-- Elliptio
| +--+
| | +-- Eurynia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema
--+
| +-- Eurynia
+--+
+-- Elliptio
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- | Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 2 | -- | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Eurynia
--+
+-- Pleuronaia
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----------- Elliptoideus
--+
| +-------- Elliptio
+--+
| +----- Eurynia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Fusconaia_mitchelli **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 1 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+
+-- Pleurobema
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 0 | 0 | -- | Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+
+-- Eurynia
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 1 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+
+-- Pleurobema
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | -- | Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 2 | -- | +----- Elliptio
--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_flava **
--+
+-- Pleurobema
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | -- | Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
--+
+-- Pleurobema
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobema
--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- | Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Elliptoideus
--+
| +----------- Elliptio
+--+
| +-------- Pleuronaia
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_riddellii
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Eurynia
--+
| +-- Pleurobema
+--+
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Elliptio
--+
| +----- Eurynia
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_cerina **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-- Eurynia
|
--+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 0 | -- | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | -- | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Pleurobema
--+
| +----- Elliptio
+--+
| +-- Fusconaia_flava **
+--+
+-- Eurynia
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-- Eurynia
|
--+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Fusconaia_flava **
|
