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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Alasmidontina

genus Utterbackia F.C. Baker, 1927: cladomics
     3 Recent valid species (3 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (3 total)
analyzed in 117 cladograms in 68 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.55, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 63
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.02 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22036283413--
  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
--+                                 
  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  +--+                              
     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101353214--
     +-------------- Utterbackiana           
  +--+                                       
  |  |  +----------- Alasminota              
  |  +--+                                    
  |     |  +-------- Pseudodontoideus        
  |     +--+                                 
  |        |  +----- Lasmigona               
  |        +--+                              
  |           |  +-- Pterosyna               
  |           +--+                           
--+              +-- Arcidens                
  |                                          
  |              +-- Prolasmidonta           
  |           +--+                           
  |           |  +-- Platynaias              
  |     +-----+                              
  |     |     |  +-- Ligodonta               
  |     |     +--+                           
  |     |        +-- Alasmidonta             
  +-----+                                    
        |        +-- Anodontoides            
        |  +-----+                           
        |  |     +-- Strophitus              
        +--+                                 
           |  +----- Sulcularia              
           +--+                              
              |  +-- Pyganodon               
              +--+                           
                 +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313441--
  +-------- Pyganodon               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **     
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022122--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023622--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026644--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                 
  |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Platynaias              
     +--+                           
        +-- Alasmidonta             

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023622--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023022--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220214125--
  +----- Pyganodon             
--+                            
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **   
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028522--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220219955--
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220219755--
  +----- Pyganodon               
--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  +--+                           
     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021822--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22033696--
                 +-- Pterosyna                  
  +--------------+                              
  |              +-- Lasmigona                  
--+                                             
  |  +-------------- Strophitus                 
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Platynaias                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Alasmidonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pyganodon                  
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028322--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021422--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22003103149--
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata       
  |                              
  +-- Beringiana                 
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220318128--
           +-------- Pseudodontoideus           
  +--------+                                    
  |        |  +----- Lasmigona                  
  |        +--+                                 
  |           |  +-- Pterosyna                  
--+           +--+                              
  |              +-- Arcidens                   
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Strophitus                 
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +-- Platynaias                 
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        +-- Alasmidonta                
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Pyganodon                  
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
              +--+                              
                 +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022332--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021722--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2150213115--
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta                   
  |                                 
  +----- Brachyanodon               
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027154--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |                                 
  |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Alasmidonta             
     +--+                           
        +-- Platynaias              

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024622--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023833--
        +-- Prolasmidonta           
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Alasmidonta             
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024222--
  +-------- Pterosyna               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22029355--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |  +--+                           
  |     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
--+                                 
  |     +-- Alasmidonta             
  |  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Platynaias              
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                           
        +-- Pterosyna               

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026744--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                 
  |  +----- Alasmidonta             
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Platynaias              
     +--+                           
        +-- Prolasmidonta           

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220213115--
  +----- Pyganodon             
--+                            
  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **   

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220213865--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  +--+                           
  |     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                                 
  |     +-- Pterosyna               
  |  +--+                           
  |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta           
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Alasmidonta             
     +--+                           
        +-- Platynaias              

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027154--
     +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |                                 
  |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Alasmidonta             
     +--+                           
        +-- Platynaias              

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021433--
        +-- Lasmigona               
  +-----+                           
  |     +-- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
227023244--
                    +----- Schistodesmus           
              +-----+                              
              |     |  +-- Lepidodesma             
              |     +--+                           
              |        +-- Scriptolamprotula       
  +-----------+                                    
  |           |     +----- Platynaias              
  |           |  +--+                              
  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon               
  |              |                                 
  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta             
  |              +--+                              
  |                 |  +-- Cristaria               
--+                 +--+                           
  |                    +-- Anodonta                
  |                                                
  |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |           +--------+                           
  |           |        +-- Potamilus_alatus        
  |  +--------+                                    
  |  |        |  +-------- Lamprotula              
  |  |        +--+                                 
  |  |           |  +----- Sinohyriopsis           
  |  |           +--+                              
  +--+              |  +-- Parvasolenaia           
     |              +--+                           
     |                 +-- Sinosolenaia            
     |                                             
     |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
     +--+                                          
        |  +-------------- Quadrula                
        +--+                                       
           |  +----------- Toxolasma               
           +--+                                    
              |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
              +--+                                 
                 |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                 +--+                              
                    |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                    +--+                           
                       +-- Lampsilis_powellii      

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220214125--
  +----- Pyganodon             
--+                            
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **   
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024422--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026744--
     +----- Alasmidonta             
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta           
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Platynaias              
  |                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22031485--
              +-- Alasmidonta                
  +-----------+                              
  |           +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                                          
--+           +-- Strophitus                 
  |  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Platynaias                 
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------- Pyganodon                  
     +--+                                    
        |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
           +--+                              
              +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22029355--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021022--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027122--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026255--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024222--
  +-------- Pterosyna               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025155--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025055--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Platynaias              
        +--+                           
           +-- Alasmidonta             

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2203393113--
        +-------- Pyganodon                  
  +-----+                                    
  |     |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
  |     +--+                                 
  |        |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |        +--+                              
  |           +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                          
--+     +-------- Utterbackiana              
  |     |                                    
  |  +--+     +-- Lasmigona                  
  |  |  |  +--+                              
  |  |  |  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |  |  +--+                                 
  |  |     |  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |  |     +--+                              
  +--+        +-- Arcidens                   
     |                                       
     |     +----- Sulcularia                 
     |  +--+                                 
     |  |  |  +-- Anodontoides               
     |  |  +--+                              
     |  |     +-- Strophitus                 
     +--+                                    
        |     +-- Prolasmidonta              
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Platynaias                 
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Alasminota                 
           +--+                              
              +-- Alasmidonta                

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021911--
  +----- Pyganodon               
--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022332--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025422--
  +-------- Lasmigona               
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023932--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026355--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022811--
  +----- Pyganodon               
--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028955--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22029355--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023932--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021022--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220219955--
  +----- Pyganodon               
--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  +--+                           
     +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024022--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022922--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220213115--
  +----- Pyganodon             
--+                            
  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **   

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024622--
  +-------- Platynaias              
--+                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022011--
  +----- Pyganodon               
--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  +--+                           
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027355--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026744--
     +----- Alasmidonta             
  +--+                              
  |  |  +-- Prolasmidonta           
  |  +--+                           
--+     +-- Platynaias              
  |                                 
  |  +----- Pyganodon               
  +--+                              
     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
     +--+                           
        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22033796--
     +-------- Pyganodon                  
  +--+                                    
  |  |  +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
  |  +--+                                 
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |     +--+                              
--+        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                       
  |        +-- Lasmigona                  
  |  +-----+                              
  |  |     +-- Pterosyna                  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Alasmidonta                
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Strophitus                 
        +--+                              
           +-- Platynaias                 

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028955--
        +----- Pyganodon               
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |     +--+                           
--+        +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
  |                                    
  |  +-------- Pterosyna               
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Prolasmidonta           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Alasmidonta             
        +--+                           
           +-- Platynaias              

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013344--
  +----------- Utterbackiana         
--+                                  
  |  +-------- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Strophitus            
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Alasmidonta           
        +--+                         
           +-- Lasmigona             

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011811--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011911--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011911--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101611--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101272611--
  +-------------------- Utterbackiana           
  |                                             
  |                 +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+  +--------------+                           
  |  |              +-- Pyganodon               
  |  |                                          
  +--+           +----- Alasmidonta             
     |  +--------+                              
     |  |        |  +-- Arcidens                
     |  |        +--+                           
     +--+           +-- Pseudodontoideus        
        |                                       
        |  +----------- Alasminota              
        |  |                                    
        +--+        +-- Anodontoides            
           |  +-----+                           
           |  |     +-- Strophitus              
           +--+                                 
              |  +----- Sulcularia              
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Platynaias              
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Prolasmidonta           

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015222--
  +----- Platynaias            
--+                            
  |  +-- Pyganodon             
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015333--
     +-- Pyganodon               
  +--+                           
  |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                              
  |  +-- Alasmidonta             
  +--+                           
     +-- Prolasmidonta           

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012111--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101711--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013788--
  +-------------- Strophitus            
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pterosyna             
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Lasmigona             
  |  |     +--+                         
  +--+        +-- Arcidens              
     |                                  
     |  +-------- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
     |  |                               
     +--+-------- Alasmidonta           
        |                               
        |  +----- Pyganodon             
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontoides          
           +--+                         
              +-- Platynaias            

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012111--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012744--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011821--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012211--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012121--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011211--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101311--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101711--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101611--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101611--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011211--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011311--
-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101611--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101811--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013511--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012654--
        +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
  +-----+                         
  |     +-- Utterbackiana         
--+                               
  |  +----- Strophitus            
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Lasmigona             
     +--+                         
        +-- Alasmidonta           

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015222--
  +----- Platynaias            
--+                            
  |  +-- Pyganodon             
  +--+                         
     +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101262410--
  +-------------------- Sulcularia              
  |                                             
  |           +-------- Utterbackiana           
--+  +--------+                                 
  |  |        |  +----- Alasminota              
  |  |        +--+                              
  |  |           |  +-- Arcidens                
  +--+           +--+                           
     |              +-- Pseudodontoideus        
     |                                          
     |  +-------------- Alasmidonta             
     +--+                                       
        |  +----------- Platynaias              
        +--+                                    
           |  +-------- Strophitus              
           +--+                                 
              |  +----- Pyganodon               
              +--+                              
                 |  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
                 +--+                           
                    +-- Anodontoides            

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011711--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013511--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101922--
-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110117167--
           +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Pyganodon          
  |                               
--+        +-- Anodontoides       
  |  +-----+                      
  |  |     +-- Strophitus         
  |  |                            
  +--+     +-- Alasmidonta        
     |  +--+                      
     |  |  +-- Alasminota         
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Pseudodontoideus   
        +--+                      
           +-- Utterbackiana      

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012121--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014611--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011811--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014011--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013344--
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
  |                            
--+----- Utterbackiana         
  |                            
  |  +-- Alasmidonta           
  +--+                         
     +-- Lasmigona             

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Pyganodon               
--+                           
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101711--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012211--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013287--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+                           
  +-- Pyganodon               

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Alasmidonta           
--+                         
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
 
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