The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Alasmidontina genus Utterbackia F.C. Baker, 1927: cladomics
3 Recent valid species (3 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 3 (3 total)
analyzed in 114 cladograms in 66 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
3 (mean = 1.55, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 62
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean =
2.02 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.95
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 629 | 34 | 13 | -- | +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 32 | 14 | -- | +-------------- Utterbackiana
+--+
| | +----------- Alasminota
| +--+
| | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
| +--+
| | +----- Lasmigona
| +--+
| | +-- Pterosyna
| +--+
--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
+-----+
| +-- Anodontoides
| +-----+
| | +-- Strophitus
+--+
| +----- Sulcularia
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-------- Pyganodon
--+
| +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 47 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 20 | 0 | 3 | 103 | 14 | 9 | -- | +-- Alasmidonta_marginata
|
+-- Prolasmidonta
|
+-- Alasmidonta_undulata
|
+-- Beringiana
|
+-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi
|
+-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana
|
+-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis
|
+-- Arcidens_confragosus
|
+-- Arcidens_wheeleri
|
+-- Pterosyna
|
--+-- Platynaias_compressa
|
+-- Lasmigona
|
+-- Platynaias_decorata
|
+-- Platynaias_subviridis
|
+-- Pyganodon_grandis
|
+-- Pyganodon_lacustris
|
+-- Pseudodontoideus
|
+-- Strophitus
|
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
|
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 42 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Pterosyna
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 39 | 31 | 13 | -- | +-------- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
| +--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
--+ +-------- Utterbackiana
| |
| +--+ +-- Lasmigona
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudodontoideus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pterosyna
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +----- Sulcularia
| +--+
| | | +-- Anodontoides
| | +--+
| | +-- Strophitus
+--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-- Alasminota
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 139 | 6 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
| +-- Pterosyna
| +--+
| | +-- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 94 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
+--+
+-- Pterosyna
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 66 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +----- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Prolasmidonta
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 72 | 5 | 4 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 90 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 44 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 198 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 93 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 72 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 66 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Alasmidonta
+--+
| | +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
--+ +-- Platynaias
|
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 42 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Pterosyna
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 54 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Lasmigona
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 196 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 94 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 51 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Prolasmidonta
+-----+
| +-- Alasmidonta
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 198 | 5 | 5 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 40 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 72 | 5 | 4 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 12 | 8 | -- | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
+--------+
| | +----- Lasmigona
| +--+
| | +-- Pterosyna
--+ +--+
| +-- Arcidens
|
| +-------------- Strophitus
| |
+--+ +-- Platynaias
| +--------+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-------- Pyganodon
+--+
| +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 27 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Schistodesmus
+-----+
| | +-- Lepidodesma
| +--+
| +-- Scriptolamprotula
+-----------+
| | +----- Platynaias
| | +--+
| | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Pyganodon
| |
| | +----- Sinanodonta
| +--+
| | +-- Cristaria
--+ +--+
| +-- Anodonta
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +--------+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
| +--------+
| | | +-------- Lamprotula
| | +--+
| | | +----- Sinohyriopsis
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Parvasolenaia
| +--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia
|
| +----------------- Gibbosula
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrula
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 74 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 90 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 66 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Alasmidonta
+--+
| | +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
--+ +-- Platynaias
|
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 37 | 9 | 6 | -- | +-------- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
| +-- Lasmigona
| +-----+
| | +-- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Strophitus
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 67 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 52 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 86 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 39 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 36 | 9 | 6 | -- | +-- Pterosyna
+--------------+
| +-- Lasmigona
--+
| +-------------- Strophitus
| |
+--+ +-- Platynaias
| +--------+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-------- Pyganodon
+--+
| +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 84 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 63 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
+-----+
| | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| +--+
--+ +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
|
| +-------- Pterosyna
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 8 | 5 | -- | +-- Alasmidonta
+-----------+
| +-- Pterosyna
|
--+ +-- Strophitus
| +--------+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-------- Pyganodon
+--+
| +----- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Lasmigona
+-----+
| +-- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon
--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 29 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Platynaias
--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 5 | -- | +----- Pyganodon_fragilis
|
+----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
+----- Utterbackia_peggyae **
|
+----- Anodonta
|
+----- Brachyanodon
|
+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1
|
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2
|
+----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata
|
| +-- Lasmigona
+--+
| +-- Utterbackiana_implicata
|
| +-- Pterosyna
| |
| +-- Platynaias
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
+--+
+-- Pyganodon_gibbosa
|
+-- Pyganodon_grandis
|
+-- Pyganodon_lacustris
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 1 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | -- | -- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----------- Utterbackiana
--+
| +-------- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+--+
| +----- Strophitus
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Lasmigona
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Prolasmidonta
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | -- | -- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 5 | 4 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
+-----+
| +-- Utterbackiana
--+
| +----- Strophitus
+--+
| +-- Lasmigona
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 1 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 1 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Platynaias
--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 8 | 7 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 4 | 4 | -- | +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
|
--+----- Utterbackiana
|
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Lasmigona
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Alasmidonta
--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 24 | 10 | -- | +-------------------- Sulcularia
|
| +-------- Utterbackiana
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Alasminota
| | +--+
| | | +-- Arcidens
+--+ +--+
| +-- Pseudodontoideus
|
| +-------------- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +----------- Platynaias
+--+
| +-------- Strophitus
+--+
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
+--+
+-- Anodontoides
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+
+-- Pyganodon
Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Platynaias
--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 26 | 11 | -- | +-------------------- Utterbackiana
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Pyganodon
| |
+--+ +----- Alasmidonta
| +--------+
| | | +-- Arcidens
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pseudodontoideus
|
| +----------- Alasminota
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontoides
| +-----+
| | +-- Strophitus
+--+
| +----- Sulcularia
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Prolasmidonta
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
--+
+-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 8 | 8 | -- | +-------------- Strophitus
|
| +----- Pterosyna
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Lasmigona
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +-------- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| |
+--+-------- Alasmidonta
|
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Anodontoides
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 16 | 7 | -- | +-- Utterbackia_peggyae **
+--------+
| +-- Pyganodon
|
--+ +-- Anodontoides
| +-----+
| | +-- Strophitus
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Alasminota
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontoideus
+--+
+-- Utterbackiana
|
