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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!


Bivalvia | ... | Ambleminae | Quadrulini | Quadrulina | Quadrula

species Quadrula verrucosa (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy
     4 specimens + 9 Genbank vouchers

Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [as ‘Potamilus verrucosus’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1819. Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 426 [as ‘U. (Plagiola) verrucosa’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 304, pl. 81, figs. 10-12 [also as ‘U. verrucosa’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 23, 29, 48.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20235, Ohio River.

Simpson (1914)
Quadrula verrucosaUtterback (1915), Ortmann (1918), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), ... Marshall et al. (2018), Huang et al. (2019), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Keogh et al. (2024)
Tritogonia verrucosaVanatta (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Haas (1969), Burch (1975), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), Porto-Hannes et al. (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)

Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 125, pl. 7, figs. 8a-b.
(renamed Quadrula tritogonia Ortmann, 1909)

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914), Thiele (1934)
Unio (s.s.) tuberculatusCall (1900)
Quadrula tritogoniaOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Quadrula tuberculataOrtmann (1912)
Unio tuberculatusde Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula verrucosaUtterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Williams et al. (2008)
Tritogonia verrucosaVanatta (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1980), Oesch (1984), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)

Unio verrucosus Say, 1834
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
‘Rafinesque’ Say, 1834. Amer. Conch. 6: ??.
‘Rafinesque’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 1, sp. 4.
(reference to Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Cyclonaias) tuberculataHaas (1930)
Tritogonia verrucosusHaas (1969)
Tritogonia verrucosaHowells et al. (1996), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio (Theliderma) pustulata Swainson, 1840
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 271, fig. 54d; 273.
(homonym of Unio pustulatus Lea, 1831)

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula tritogoniaOrtmann (1909)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosaHaas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosaWilliams et al. (2008)

Unio gigas Sowerby, 1867
‘Swainson’ Sowerby, 1867. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 56, sp. 287.
(misidentified reference to Unio gigas Swainson, 1824)
Type(s): MANUSCRIPT NAME BMNH_1968861, River Ohio.

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) multiplicatusCall (1900)
Quadrula tritogoniaOrtmann (1909)
Hyriopsis cumingiiHaas (1924)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosaHaas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio conjugans B.H. Wright, 1899
B.H. Wright, 1899. Nautilus 13(8): 89.
Simpson, 1900. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 52: 79, pl. 4, fig. 1.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_159501, Hiawassa River, Polk Co., Tenn.

Tritogonia conjugansSimpson (1900), Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula verrucosaOrtmann (1918), Williams et al. (2008)
Quadrula (s.s.) conjugansFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula conjugansHaas (1969)
Tritogonia verrucosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Tritogonia tuberculata var. obesa Simpson, 1900
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 609.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 320.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_125669 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 16), Neches River, Big Eddy, Texas.

Tritogonia tuberculata var. obesaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula-asperaFrierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosaHaas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula tritogonia Ortmann, 1909
Ortmann, 1909. Nautilus 22(10): 101.
Ortmann, 1909. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 5: 193.
(new name for Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)

Quadrula tritogoniaOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1914)
Tritogonia verrucosaParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosaWilliams et al. (2008)

Quadrula parkeri Geiser, 1911
Geiser, 1911. The Academician 1: 15.

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1914)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)
Tritogonia verrucosaHaas (1969), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019)
Quadrula verrucosaWilliams et al. (2008)

Unio tuberculatus var. supraspeciosus de Gregorio, 1914
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 42, pl. 6, figs. 2a-d [as ‘supra speciosus’].
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio tuberculatus Barnes, 1823)

Unio tuberculatus var. supra speciosusde Gregorio (1914)

Unio (Theliderma) pustululata Lopes-Lima et al., 2019
‘Swainson’ Lopes-Lima et al., 2019. Zool. Scripta 48(3): 7 [Suppl. Appendix 2].
(error for Unio (Theliderma) pustulata Swainson, 1840)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Tritogonia tuberculataSimpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914), Thiele (1934)
Unio (s.s.) tuberculatusCall (1900)
Unio (s.s.) multiplicatusCall (1900)
Tritogonia conjugansSimpson (1900), Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Tritogonia tuberculata var. obesaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula tritogoniaOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910)
Quadrula tuberculataOrtmann (1912)
Simpson (1914)
Unio tuberculatusde Gregorio (1914)
Unio tuberculatus var. supra speciosusde Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula verrucosaUtterback (1915), Ortmann (1918), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), ... Marshall et al. (2018), Huang et al. (2019), Jeratthitikul et al. (2022), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Keogh et al. (2024)
Tritogonia verrucosaVanatta (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Haas (1969), Burch (1975), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), Porto-Hannes et al. (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023)
Hyriopsis cumingiiHaas (1924)
Quadrula (Tritogonia) verrucosaFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (s.s.) conjugansFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula-asperaFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (Cyclonaias) tuberculataHaas (1930)
Tritogonia verrucosusHaas (1969)
Quadrula (s.s.) quadrula conjugansHaas (1969)

 
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