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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Alasmidontina

genus Arcidens Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     2 Recent valid species (3 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 2 (3 total)
analyzed in 13 cladograms in 9 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.62, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 8
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.88


Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202343114--
     +----------------- Utterbackiana       
  +--+                                      
  |  |  +-------------- Alasminota          
  |  +--+                                   
  |     |  +----------- Pseudodontoideus    
  |     +--+                                
  |        |  +-------- Lasmigona           
  |        +--+                             
  |           |  +----- Pterosyna           
  |           +--+                          
  |              |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
--+              +--+                       
  |                 +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   
  |                                         
  |                 +-- Prolasmidonta       
  |              +--+                       
  |              |  +-- Platynaias          
  |        +-----+                          
  |        |     |  +-- Ligodonta           
  |        |     +--+                       
  |        |        +-- Alasmidonta         
  +--------+                                
           |        +-- Anodontoides        
           |  +-----+                       
           |  |     +-- Strophitus          
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Sulcularia          
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Pyganodon           
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Utterbackia         

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202262511--
  +-------------------- Utterbackiana       
  |                                         
  |                 +-- Utterbackia         
--+  +--------------+                       
  |  |              +-- Pyganodon           
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +-------- Alasmidonta         
  +--+  +-----+                             
     |  |     |  +----- Pseudodontoideus    
     |  |     +--+                          
     |  |        |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
     +--+        +--+                       
        |           +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   
        |                                   
        |  +----------- Alasminota          
        |  |                                
        +--+        +-- Anodontoides        
           |  +-----+                       
           |  |     +-- Strophitus          
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Sulcularia          
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Platynaias          
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Prolasmidonta       

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22002103149--
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata       
  |                              
  +-- Beringiana                 
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202252310--
  +-------------------- Sulcularia          
  |                                         
  |        +----------- Utterbackiana       
  |  +-----+                                
--+  |     |  +-------- Alasminota          
  |  |     +--+                             
  |  |        |  +----- Pseudodontoideus    
  |  |        +--+                          
  +--+           |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
     |           +--+                       
     |              +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   
     |                                      
     |  +-------------- Alasmidonta         
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Platynaias          
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Strophitus          
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Pyganodon           
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Utterbackia         
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodontoides        

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202652--
  +-------- Pyganodon_grandis   
  |                             
  +-------- Pyganodon_cataracta 
  |                             
--+-------- Pyganodon_fragilis  
  |                             
  +-------- Pyganodon           
  |                             
  |  +----- Platynaias          
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
     +--+                       
        +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026293413--
  +----------- Pseudodontoideus    
--+                                
  |  +-------- Lasmigona           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Pterosyna           
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
        +--+                       
           +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202393113--
                 +-- Utterbackia         
  +--------------+                       
  |              +-- Pyganodon           
  |                                      
  |     +----------- Utterbackiana       
  |     |                                
  |  +--+        +-- Lasmigona           
--+  |  |  +-----+                       
  |  |  |  |     +-- Pseudodontoideus    
  |  |  +--+                             
  |  |     |  +----- Pterosyna           
  |  |     +--+                          
  |  |        |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
  +--+        +--+                       
     |           +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   
     |                                   
     |        +----- Sulcularia          
     |     +--+                          
     |     |  |  +-- Anodontoides        
     |     |  +--+                       
     |     |     +-- Strophitus          
     +-----+                             
           |     +-- Prolasmidonta       
           |  +--+                       
           |  |  +-- Platynaias          
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Alasminota          
              +--+                       
                 +-- Alasmidonta         

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220218128--
     +----------- Pseudodontoideus    
  +--+                                
  |  |  +-------- Lasmigona           
  |  +--+                             
  |     |  +----- Pterosyna           
  |     +--+                          
--+        |  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
  |        +--+                       
  |           +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **   
  |                                   
  |     +-------- Strophitus          
  |     |                             
  +-----+     +-- Pyganodon           
        |  +--+                       
        |  |  +-- Utterbackia         
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Platynaias          
           +--+                       
              +-- Alasmidonta         

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013788--
  +-------------- Strophitus          
  |                                   
  |        +----- Pterosyna           
--+  +-----+                          
  |  |     |  +-- Lasmigona           
  |  |     +--+                       
  +--+        +-- Arcidens_confragosus **
     |                                
     |  +-------- Utterbackia         
     |  |                             
     +--+-------- Alasmidonta         
        |                             
        |  +----- Pyganodon           
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Anodontoides        
           +--+                       
              +-- Platynaias          

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014100--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101855--
  +-------- Pyganodon        
  |                          
  |     +-- Platynaias       
--+-----+                    
  |     +-- Strophitus       
  |                          
  |  +----- Lasmigona        
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **
     +--+                    
        +-- Pterosyna        
 
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