The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Alasmidontina genus Pterosyna Rafinesque, 1831: cladomics
2 Recent valid species (2 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 2 (2 total)
analyzed in 33 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
2 (mean = 1.03, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 1
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean =
2 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 1
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 5 | -- | +----------- Pyganodon
|
| +----- Lasmigona
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pterosyna_alabamensis **
|
| +----- Strophitus
+--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 32 | 14 | -- | +-------------- Utterbackiana
+--+
| | +----------- Alasminota
| +--+
| | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
| +--+
| | +----- Lasmigona
| +--+
| | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
| +--+
--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
+-----+
| +-- Anodontoides
| +-----+
| | +-- Strophitus
+--+
| +----- Sulcularia
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 8 | 8 | -- | +-------------- Strophitus
|
| +----- Pterosyna_complanata **
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Lasmigona
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +-------- Utterbackia
| |
+--+-------- Alasmidonta
|
| +----- Pyganodon
+--+
| +-- Anodontoides
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 63 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 5 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
|
+-- Platynaias
|
+-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+
+-- Pyganodon_gibbosa
|
+-- Pyganodon_grandis
|
+-- Pyganodon_lacustris
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Pterosyna_complanata **
--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 51 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 32 | 13 | -- | +-- Utterbackia
+-----------+
| +-- Pyganodon
|
| +-------- Utterbackiana
| |
--+ +--+ +-- Lasmigona
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudodontoideus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Arcidens
|
| +----- Sulcularia
| +--+
| | | +-- Anodontoides
| | +--+
| | +-- Strophitus
+--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-- Alasminota
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 629 | 35 | 13 | -- | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
--+
| +----- Lasmigona
+--+
| +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
+-- Arcidens
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 13 | 5 | -- | +-- Lasmigona
|
--+-- Platynaias
|
+-- Pterosyna_complanata **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Pterosyna_complanata **
--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 7 | 7 | -- | +-- Pseudodontoideus
|
--+-- Alasmidonta
|
+-- Pterosyna_complanata **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+-----+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
+--+
+-- Pterosyna_complanata **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 5 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
|
--+-- Platynaias
|
+-- Lasmigona
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +-- Lasmigona
--+
| +-- Prolasmidonta
| |
+--+-- Strophitus
|
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 64 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 5 | -- | +-------- Pyganodon
|
| +-- Platynaias
--+-----+
| +-- Strophitus
|
| +----- Lasmigona
+--+
| +-- Arcidens
+--+
+-- Pterosyna_complanata **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 5 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
|
--+-- Platynaias
|
+-- Lasmigona
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 139 | 7 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+-----+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
| +--+
| | +-- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 10 | 6 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--------+
| +-- Lasmigona
--+
| +-------- Strophitus
| |
+--+ +-- Platynaias
| +--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Alasmidonta
|
+----- Pyganodon
|
--+ +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +-- Lasmigona
|
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Strophitus
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 13 | 5 | -- | +-- Platynaias
|
--+-- Lasmigona
|
+-- Pterosyna_complanata **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 104 | 15 | 9 | -- | -- Pterosyna_complanata **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 13 | 8 | -- | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
+--+
| | +----- Lasmigona
| +--+
| | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
--+ +--+
| +-- Arcidens
|
| +-------- Strophitus
| |
+--+ +-- Pyganodon
| +--+
| | +-- Utterbackia
+--+
| +-- Platynaias
+--+
+-- Alasmidonta
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 10 | 6 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +-- Lasmigona
| +-----+
| | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Alasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Strophitus
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 6 | 5 | -- | +-- Pyganodon
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
--+
| +-------- Pterosyna_complanata **
+--+
| +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Platynaias
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 8 | 7 | -- | +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
--+
+-- Lasmigona
Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 9 | 5 | -- | +-- Alasmidonta
+-----+
| +-- Pterosyna_complanata **
|
--+ +-- Strophitus
| +--+
| | +-- Platynaias
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Utterbackia
|
