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Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | ... | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Quadrulini | Quadrulina | Theliderma

species Theliderma metanevra (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy
     3 specimens + 6 Genbank vouchers

Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 305, pl. 81, figs. 15-16 [also as ‘U. metanevra’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 50.
Type(s): NEOTYPE ANSP_20238, Ohio River.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevraSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) metanevraCall (1900)
Quadrula metanevraOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), ... ITIS (2012), Szumowski et al. (2012), Haag (2012), McMurray et al. (2012), Inoue et al. (2018)
de Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevraFrierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevraF.C. Baker (1928)
Quadrula (sec. Theliderma) metaneura [sic]Thiele (1934)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrusHaas (1969)
Theliderma metanevraGraf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Roe & Boyer (2015), Williams et al. (2017), ... FMCS (2021), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio nodosus Barnes, 1823
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 124, pl. 6, figs. 7a-b.
(homonym of Unio (Eurynia) solenoides var. nodosa Rafinesque, 1820)

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevraSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevraOrtmann & Walker (1922), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevraFrierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevraF.C. Baker (1928)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrusHaas (1969)
Theliderma metanevraLopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metanever Lea, 1829
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 418.
Jay, 1835. Cat. Rec. Shells: 17.
Hanley, 1843. Illustr. Descr. Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells: 179.
Agassiz, 1852. Arch. Naturg. 18(1): 48.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Mørch, 1853. Cat. Conch. Yoldi 2: 44.
Lewis, 1871. Amer. J. Conch. 6: 218.
Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 15 [as ‘Margarita (Unio) metanever’].
(reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)

Quadrula metanevraWatters et al. (2009)

Unio tuberosus Lea, 1840
Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 210 [48], pl. 14, fig. 25.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84219, Cumberland R., Middle Tenn.

Quadrula (s.s.) tuberosaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio tuberosusde Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula intermediaOrtmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-tuberosaFrierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus tuberosusHaas (1969)
Quadrula tuberosaR.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), ITIS (2012)
Theliderma tuberosaIUCN (1996), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010)
Quadrula metanevraParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008)
Theliderma metanevraWilliams et al. (2017), Lopes-Lima et al. (2019), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio metaneurus Herrmannsen, 1849
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Herrmannsen, 1849. Ind. Gener. Malacol. 2: 571.
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 50.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.
Thiele, 1934. Handb. Syst. Weichtierk. 3: 826 [1260] [as ‘Quadrula (Theliderma) metaneura’].
(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevraSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevraParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio wardii Lea, 1861
Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 392.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 187 [9], pl. 24, fig. 257.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84237, Mahoning R., Ohio.

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra var. wardiiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevra wardiiUtterback (1915)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardiiFrierson (1927)
Orthonymus metanevrus wardiiHaas (1969)
Quadrula metanevraBurch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Theliderma metanevraLopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula quadrula Lydeard et al., 2000
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Lydeard et al., 2000. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 177: 148. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) quadrula Rafinesque, 1820)

Theliderma metanevraLopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Quadrula nobilis Campbell et al., 2005
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Campbell et al., 2005. Invert. Biol. 124(2): 155. [in part]
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012. Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 23. [in part]
(misidentified reference to Unio nobilis Conrad, 1854)

Theliderma metanevraLopes-Lima et al. (2019)

Unio metaniver Catlow & Reeve, 1845
‘Lea’ Catlow & Reeve, 1845. Conch. Nomen.: 61.
(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevraSimpson (1900)
Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevraParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio metanera Gray, 1847
Gray, 1847. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 15: 196.
(error for Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio rugosus Lea, 1852
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 21, footnote.
(misidentified reference to Unio rugosus Barnes, 1823)

Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardiiFrierson (1927)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Quadrula (s.s.) metanevraSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) metanevraCall (1900)
Quadrula (s.s.) tuberosaSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (s.s.) metanevra var. wardiiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Quadrula metanevraOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), ... ITIS (2012), Szumowski et al. (2012), Haag (2012), McMurray et al. (2012), Inoue et al. (2018)
de Gregorio (1914), Simpson (1914)
Unio tuberosusde Gregorio (1914)
Quadrula metanevra wardiiUtterback (1915)
Quadrula intermediaOrtmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevraFrierson (1927), Haas (1930)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-tuberosaFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (Orthonymus) metanevra-wardiiFrierson (1927)
Quadrula (sec. Orthonymus) metanevraF.C. Baker (1928)
Quadrula (sec. Theliderma) metaneura [sic]Thiele (1934)
Orthonymus metanevrus metanevrusHaas (1969)
Orthonymus metanevrus tuberosusHaas (1969)
Orthonymus metanevrus wardiiHaas (1969)
Quadrula tuberosaR.I. Johnson (1980), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Cicerello & Schuster (2003), ITIS (2012)
Theliderma tuberosaIUCN (1996), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010)
Theliderma metanevraGraf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Roe & Boyer (2015), Williams et al. (2017), ... FMCS (2021), Neemuchwala et al. (2023), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

 
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