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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Bivalvia | ... | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Fusconaia species Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy 9 specimens + 12 Genbank vouchers Obliquaria (Quadrula) flava Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1819. Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 426 [as ‘U. (Plagiola) flava’]. [nomen nudum] Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 305, pl. 81, figs. 13-14 [also as ‘U. flava’]. Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 29, 49. Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20230, small creeks in Kentucky.
— Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Fusconaia flava — Utterback (1915), Ortmann (1919), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), F.C. Baker (1928), ... Morrison et al. (2021), Hnytka et al. (2022), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023), Freeman et al. (2025) Quadrula flava — Vanatta (1915) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia flava flava — Haas (1969) | |
Obliquaria (Sintoxia) lateralis Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 310 [also as ‘U. lateralis’]. Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 53. Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20247, Riv. Kentucky.
— Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Quadrula obliqua — Vanatta (1915) Pleurobema cordata — Ortmann & Walker (1922) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata undata — Haas (1969) Fusconaia lateralis — Morrison (1969) Pleurobema cordatum — Burch (1975) Fusconaia undata — R.I. Johnson (1980) Fusconaia flava — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Unio undatus Barnes, 1823 Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 121, pl. 4, figs. 4a-b.
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) obliqua — Simpson (1900) Fusconaia undata — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), ITIS (2012) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) undata — Simpson (1914) — de Gregorio (1914) Fusconaia undatus — Ortmann & Walker (1922) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata undata — Haas (1969) Fusconaia lateralis — Morrison (1969) Fusconaia flava — Clarke (1973), Mathiak (1979), Vidrine (1993), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), IUCN (2011) Fusconaia f. undata — Gordon et al. (1979) | |
Unio rubiginosus Lea, 1829
 Lea, 1829. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 427 [41], pl. 8, fig. 10. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84556, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) rubiginosa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (s.s.) rubiginosus — Call (1900) Quadrula rubiginosa — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910) Fusconaia rubiginosa — Ortmann (1912) Unio rubiginosus — de Gregorio (1914) Fusconaia flava — Utterback (1915), Ortmann & Walker (1922), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Clarke (1973), ... Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009), IUCN (2011) Quadrula flava — Vanatta (1915) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia flava flava — Haas (1969) | |
Unio trigonus Lea, 1831
 Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 110 [120], pl. 16, fig. 40. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84629, Louisville, KY.
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) trigona — Simpson (1900) Unio (s.s.) trigonus — Call (1900) Quadrula rubiginosa var. trigona — Ortmann (1910) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) undata — Simpson (1914) Unio trigonus — de Gregorio (1914) Fusconaia undata trigona — Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Haas (1969), Haas (1969) Fusconaia flava trigona — Ortmann (1919) Fusconaia undatus — Ortmann & Walker (1922) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-trigona — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia trigonus — Thiele (1934) Fusconaia flava — Clarke (1973), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Graf & Cummings (2007), Watters et al. (2009), IUCN (2011), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Williams et al. (2014), Graf & Cummings (2021) Fusconaia undata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980) | |
Unio undatus Conrad, 1834 ‘Barnes’ Conrad, 1834. New Fresh-Water Shells: 72. (reference to Unio undatus Barnes, 1823)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) trigona — Simpson (1900) Fusconaia flava — Watters et al. (2009) | |
Unio hebetatus Conrad, 1854 Conrad, 1854. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2(4): 296, pl. 26, fig. 5.
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) hebetata — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Fusconaia hebetata — Utterback (1915), Haas (1969), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Burlakova et al. (2012) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) hebetata — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia flava — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Graf & Cummings (2021) | |
Fusconaia selecta Wheeler, 1914
Wheeler, 1914. Nautilus 28(7): 76, pl. 4. Type(s): PARATYPE FMNH_22816, Cache River, at Nemo, Craighead Co., Arkansas.
Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-selecta — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata selecta — Haas (1969) Fusconaia undata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980) Fusconaia flava — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) chunii var. nasuta Simpson, 1914 Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 877. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio chunii Lea, 1861)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) chunii var. nasuta — Simpson (1914) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava-nasuta — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia flava nasuta — Haas (1969) | |
Unio validus var. continuus de Gregorio, 1914 de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 51. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio validus Lea, 1871)
Unio validus var. continuus — de Gregorio (1914) Fusconaia flava — Watters et al. (2009) | |
Fusconaia undata trigonoides Utterback, 1915 ‘Frierson, MS’ Utterback, 1915. Amer. Midl. Nat. 4(4): 107, pl. 15, figs. 30A-D; pl. 4, figs. 9a-b. Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 55, sp. 232d. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio undatus Barnes, 1823)
Fusconaia undata trigonoides — Utterback (1915), Haas (1969) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-trigonoides — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata — R.I. Johnson (1980) Fusconaia flava — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Fusconaia flava var. parvula Grier, 1918
Grier, 1918. Nautilus 32(1): 11. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Obliquaria (Quadrula) flava Rafinesque, 1820) Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) CM_61.4513, “Big Bend” Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.
Fusconaia flava parvula — Ortmann (1919), F.C. Baker (1928), Haas (1969) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava-parvula — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia flava — Clarke (1973), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Fusconaia undata wagneri F.C. Baker, 1928
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 64, pl. 40, figs. 1-3. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio undatus Barnes, 1823) Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209194, Lake Pepin, Lake City, Minnesota.
Fusconaia undata wagneri — F.C. Baker (1928) Fusconaia flava — Clarke (1973), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) Fusconaia undata — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980) | |
Fusconaia askewi Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 ‘Marsh’ of Authors. Campbell & Lydeard, 2012. Amer. Malac. Bull. 30(1): 13 [as ‘”askewi”’]. (misidentified reference to Unio askewi Marsh, 1896)
Fusconaia “askewi” — Burlakova et al. (2012) | |
Unio cordatus Conrad, 1836 ‘Raf.’ Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(5): 48, pl. 25. (misidentified reference to Obovaria cordata Rafinesque, 1820)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) obliqua — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) | |
Unio flavus Conrad, 1837 ‘Rafinesque’ Conrad, 1837. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(9): 74, pl. 41, fig. 2. (reference to Obliquaria (Quadrula) flava Rafinesque, 1820)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) rubiginosa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Fusconaia flava — Ortmann & Walker (1922), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Unio triangularis Küster, 1852
Küster, 1852. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 56, pl. 12, fig. 3. (misidentified reference to Unio triangularis Barnes, 1823)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) trigona — Simpson (1900) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) undata — Simpson (1914) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata undata — Haas (1969) Fusconaia flava — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Unio coccineus Reeve, 1865
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 22, sp. 104. (misidentified reference to Unio coccineus Lea, 1838)
Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava — Frierson (1927) | |
Unio pilaris Reeve, 1865
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1865. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 27, sp. 138. (misidentified reference to Unio pilaris Lea, 1840)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) trigona — Simpson (1900) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) undata — Simpson (1914) Fusconaia flava — Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009) | |
Unio trigonus Sowerby, 1868
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1868. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 64, sp. 322; errata. (reference to Unio trigonus Lea, 1831)
Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) rubiginosa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) | |
Margaron (Unio) habetatus Lea, 1870 ‘Con.’ Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 38. (error for Unio hebetatus Conrad, 1854) | |
Taxonomic History (since 1900) — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), de Gregorio (1914) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) obliqua — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) rubiginosa — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (s.s.) rubiginosus — Call (1900) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) trigona — Simpson (1900) Unio (s.s.) trigonus — Call (1900) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) hebetata — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Quadrula rubiginosa — Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1909), Ortmann (1910) Quadrula rubiginosa var. trigona — Ortmann (1910) Fusconaia undata — Ortmann (1912), Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), ITIS (2012) Fusconaia rubiginosa — Ortmann (1912) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) undata — Simpson (1914) Unio rubiginosus — de Gregorio (1914) Unio trigonus — de Gregorio (1914) Quadrula (sec. Fusconaia) chunii var. nasuta — Simpson (1914) Unio validus var. continuus — de Gregorio (1914) Fusconaia flava — Utterback (1915), Ortmann (1919), Ortmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), F.C. Baker (1928), ... Morrison et al. (2021), Hnytka et al. (2022), Hopper et al. (2023), Hauck et al. (2023), Freeman et al. (2025) Quadrula flava — Vanatta (1915) Quadrula obliqua — Vanatta (1915) Fusconaia undata trigona — Utterback (1915), F.C. Baker (1928), Haas (1969), Haas (1969) Fusconaia hebetata — Utterback (1915), Haas (1969), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Burlakova et al. (2012) Fusconaia undata trigonoides — Utterback (1915), Haas (1969) Fusconaia flava trigona — Ortmann (1919) Fusconaia flava parvula — Ortmann (1919), F.C. Baker (1928), Haas (1969) Pleurobema cordata — Ortmann & Walker (1922) Fusconaia undatus — Ortmann & Walker (1922) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-trigona — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) hebetata — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-selecta — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava-nasuta — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) undata-trigonoides — Frierson (1927) Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) flava-parvula — Frierson (1927) Fusconaia undata wagneri — F.C. Baker (1928) Fusconaia trigonus — Thiele (1934) Fusconaia flava flava — Haas (1969) Fusconaia undata undata — Haas (1969) Fusconaia lateralis — Morrison (1969) Fusconaia undata selecta — Haas (1969) Fusconaia flava nasuta — Haas (1969) Pleurobema cordatum — Burch (1975) Fusconaia f. undata — Gordon et al. (1979) Fusconaia “askewi” — Burlakova et al. (2012)
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