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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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genus Scabies Haas, 1911: cladomics
8 Recent valid species (8 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 8 (8 total)
analyzed in 46 cladograms in 28 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 8 (mean = 3.5, median = 2.5)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 25
maximum number of included terminals = 8, (mean = 5.6 median = 8)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.92

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	54	21	7	0

                                +-- Pseudoscabies     
  +-----------------------------+                     
  |                             +-- Indonaia          
--+                                                   
  |  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	55	21	7	6

                                      +-- Pseudoscabies     
  +-----------------------------------+                     
  |                                   +-- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	624	20	6	10

  +-------------------- Harmandia         
  |                                       
--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
  |  |                                    
  +--+  +-------------- Scabies_crispata **  
     |  |                                 
     |  |        +----- Scabies_nucleus **   
     +--+  +-----+                        
        |  |     |  +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
        |  |     +--+                     
        +--+        +-- Scabies_pilata **    
           |                              
           |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                           
              |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
              +--+                        
                 |  +-- Scabies_scobinatus **
                 +--+                     
                    +-- Scabies_phaselus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	53	19	6	10

  +----------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                      
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +----------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +-------------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +----------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+              +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----------+                     
                    |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                           
                             |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                        
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                +--+                     
                                   +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	10

  +----------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                      
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +----------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +-------------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +----------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +----------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+              +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----------+                     
                    |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                              
                          |  +-------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                           
                             |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                        
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                +--+                     
                                   +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	0

  +-------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                   
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	5	8	103	12	6	3

  +----------------------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                                           
--+  +-------------------------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                                        
  |  |                          +----- Radiatula_mouhoti      
  +--+  +-----------------------+                             
     |  |                       |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae   
     |  |                       +--+                          
     +--+                          +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii   
        |                                                     
        |  +-------------------------- Radiatula_crispisulcata
        |  |                                                  
        +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus             
           |  |                                               
           +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia              
              |  |                                            
              +--+  +----------------- Unionetta              
                 |  |                                         
                 +--+  +-------------- Scabies_mandarinus **     
                    |  |                                      
                    +--+  +----------- Scabies_crispata **       
                       |  |                                   
                       +--+  +-------- Scabies_nucleus **        
                          |  |                                
                          +--+     +-- Scabies_humilis **        
                             |  +--+                          
                             |  |  +-- Scabies_pilata **         
                             +--+                             
                                |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **       
                                |  |                          
                                +--+-- Scabies_scobinatus **     
                                   |                          
                                   +-- Scabies_anceps **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	15	10	6	8

  +-------------------------------------- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_scobinatus **
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_anceps **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	53	19	6	0

  +-------------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                   
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                                
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                             
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                          
        +--+  +-------------------- Harmandia         
           |  |                                       
           +--+  +----------------- Unionetta         
              |  |                                    
              +--+              +-- Scabies_crispata **  
                 |  +-----------+                     
                 |  |           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                    |  |                              
                    +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                       |  +-----+                     
                       |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                       +--+                           
                          |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                        
                             |  +-- Scabies_anceps **    
                             +--+                     
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	4	8	74	6	6	6

  +----------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                          
--+  +-------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +----------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +-------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                 
        |  |           +-- Unionetta         
        +--+  +--------+                     
           |  |        +-- Harmandia         
           |  |                              
           |  |        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+  +-----+                     
              |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
              |  |                           
              |  |  +----- Scabies_crispata **  
              |  +--+                        
              +--+  |  +-- Scabies_nucleus **   
                 |  +--+                     
                 |     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 |                           
                 |     +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                 |     |                     
                 +-----+-- Scabies_anceps **    
                       |                     
                       +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	109	13	6	4

  +----------------------------- Indonaia          
  |                                                
--+  +-------------------------- Indochinella      
  |  |                                             
  +--+  +----------------------- Radiatula         
     |  |                                          
     +--+  +-------------------- Scabiellus        
        |  |                                       
        |  |                 +-- Unionetta         
        +--+  +--------------+                     
           |  |              +-- Harmandia         
           |  |                                    
           +--+  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
              |  |                                 
              |  |           +-- Scabies_crispata **  
              +--+  +--------+                     
                 |  |        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **
                 |  |                              
                 +--+        +-- Scabies_humilis **   
                    |  +-----+                     
                    |  |     +-- Scabies_pilata **    
                    +--+                           
                       |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                       +--+                        
                          |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                          +--+                     
                             +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	6

  +-------------------------------------- Indonaia          
--+                                                         
  |  +----------------------------------- Indochinella      
  +--+                                                      
     |  +-------------------------------- Radiatula         
     +--+                                                   
        |  +----------------------------- Scabiellus        
        +--+                                                
           |  +-------------------------- Harmandia         
           +--+                                             
              |  +----------------------- Unionetta         
              +--+                                          
                 |  +-------------------- Scabies_crispata **  
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +----------------- Scabies_mandarinus **
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------------- Scabies_nucleus **   
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----------- Scabies_pilata **    
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-------- Scabies_humilis **   
                             +--+                           
                                |  +----- Scabies_anceps **    
                                +--+                        
                                   |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
                                   +--+                     
                                      +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	5	8	20	9	6	1

  +-------------------------------- Indonaia             
  |                                                      
--+  +----------------------------- Indochinella         
  |  |                                                   
  +--+  +-------------------------- Radiatula            
     |  |                                                
     +--+  +----------------------- Scabiellus           
        |  |                                             
        +--+  +-------------------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
           |  |                                          
           +--+  +----------------- Harmandia            
              |  |                                       
              +--+  +-------------- Unionetta_fabagina__1
                 |  |                                    
                 +--+           +-- Scabies_crispata **     
                    |  +--------+                        
                    |  |        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **   
                    +--+                                 
                       |  +-------- Scabies_nucleus **      
                       |  |                              
                       +--+     +-- Scabies_pilata **       
                          |  +--+                        
                          |  |  +-- Scabies_humilis **      
                          +--+                           
                             |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **     
                             |  |                        
                             +--+-- Scabies_anceps **       
                                |                        
                                +-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	7	5	4	134	7	3	9

  +-------------- Indonaia          
  |                                 
--+           +-- Indochinella      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata **  
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	7	5	4	134	7	3	9

  +-------------- Indonaia          
  |                                 
--+           +-- Indochinella      
  |  +--------+                     
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata **  
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	79	8	3	5

  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus **
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_phaselus **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	0	3	33	5	3	6

  +----------- Indonaia            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Indochinella        
  |  |                             
  |  |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti   
  +--+  |                          
     |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Radiatula_chaudhurii
        |                          
        |  +-- Scabies_humilis **     
        |  |                       
        +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **    
           |                       
           +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	0	3	33	5	3	6

  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti   
  |                          
  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae
  |                          
  +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii
  |                          
--+----- Indochinella        
  |                          
  +----- Indonaia            
  |                          
  |  +-- Scabies_humilis **     
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **    
     |                       
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	197	9	3	7

  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_humilis **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	0	3	48	9	3	6

  +----------- Indonaia          
  |                              
--+  +-------- Indochinella      
  |  |                           
  +--+  +----- Radiatula         
     |  |                        
     +--+  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
        |  |                     
        +--+-- Scabies_mandarinus **
           |                     
           +-- Scabies_phaselus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	195	9	3	7

  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_phaselus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	0	3	121	9	3	6

  +-------- Indochinella      
  |                           
--+  +----- Radiatula         
  |  |                        
  +--+  +-- Scabies_humilis **   
     |  |                     
     +--+-- Scabies_phaselus **  
        |                     
        +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	197	9	3	7

  +-------------- Indonaia          
--+                                 
  |  +----------- Indochinella      
  +--+                              
     |  +-------- Radiatula         
     +--+                           
        |  +----- Scabies_humilis **   
        +--+                        
           |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **  
           +--+                     
              +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	20	0	0	--

  +-- Scabies_scobinatus **
--+                     
  +-- Scabies_crispata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	20	0	0	--

  +-- Scabies_scobinatus **
--+                     
  +-- Scabies_crispata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	13	0	0	--

-- Scabies_scobinatus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	30	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	14	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	28	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	14	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	3	3	--

  +-------- Indonaia        
--+                         
  |  +----- Indochinella    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **
     +--+                   
        +-- Harmandia

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	27	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	30	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	3	3	--

  +-------- Indonaia        
--+                         
  |  +----- Indochinella    
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Scabies_phaselus **
     +--+                   
        +-- Harmandia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	4	2	--

  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Scabies_crispata **    
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	30	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella      
--+                        
  |  +-- Radiatula         
  +--+                     
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	8	0	0	--

-- Scabies_crispata **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	19	0	0	--

-- Scabies_phaselus **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	39	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella      
--+                        
  |  +-- Radiatula         
  +--+                     
     +-- Scabies_mandarinus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	4	2	--

  +----- Indonaia        
--+                      
  |  +-- Scabies_crispata **
  +--+                   
     +-- Radiatula

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