MUSSELp
 
MUSSELpdb
 
 
Taxonomy
 
 
Geography
 
 
 

Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!


Bivalvia | ... | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Alasmidontina

genus Strophitus Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     5 Recent valid species (8 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5 (8 total)
analyzed in 51 cladograms in 34 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 1.35, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 6
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 4 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5546131270
                 +-- Utterbackia               
  +--------------+                             
  |              +-- Pyganodon                 
  |                                            
  |              +-- Alasmidonta               
  |           +--+                             
--+           |  +-- Alasminota                
  |  +--------+                                
  |  |        |  +-- Pseudodontoideus          
  |  |        +--+                             
  |  |           +-- Utterbackiana             
  +--+                                         
     |  +----------- Anodontoides              
     |  |                                      
     |  |     +----- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis **
     +--+  +--+                                
        |  |  |  +-- Strophitus_radiatus **       
        |  |  +--+                             
        +--+     +-- Strophitus_williamsi **      
           |                                   
           |  +----- Strophitus_howellsi__2 **    
           +--+                                
              |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **      
              +--+                             
                 +-- Strophitus_howellsi__1 **    

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44353729125
                          +-- Utterbackia                  
  +-----------------------+                                
  |                       +-- Pyganodon                    
  |                                                        
  |                 +-------- Utterbackiana                
  |                 |                                      
  |  +--------------+     +-- Lasmigona_costata            
--+  |              |  +--+                                
  |  |              |  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus             
  |  |              +--+                                   
  |  |                 |  +-- Lasmigona_complanata         
  |  |                 +--+                                
  |  |                    +-- Arcidens                     
  +--+                                                     
     |                    +-- Prolasmidonta                
     |                 +--+                                
     |                 |  +-- Platynaias                   
     |  +--------------+                                   
     |  |              |  +-- Alasminota                   
     |  |              +--+                                
     +--+                 +-- Alasmidonta                  
        |                                                  
        |  +----------------- Pressodonta                  
        +--+                                               
           |  +-------------- Anodontoides                 
           +--+                                            
              |  +----------- Strophitus_undulatus **         
              +--+                                         
                 |  +-------- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis__2 **
                 +--+                                      
                    |  +----- Strophitus_radiatus **          
                    +--+                                   
                       |  +-- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis__1 **
                       +--+                                
                          +-- Strophitus_williamsi **         

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55352211
  +----------- Anodontoides              
  |                                      
--+        +-- Strophitus_undulatus **      
  |  +-----+                             
  |  |     +-- Strophitus_howellsi **       
  +--+                                   
     |  +----- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis **
     +--+                                
        |  +-- Strophitus_radiatus **       
        +--+                             
           +-- Strophitus_williamsi **      

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44242321104
  +----------------------- Pressodonta               
  |                                                  
  |              +-------- Utterbackiana             
--+  +-----------+                                   
  |  |           |  +----- Alasminota                
  |  |           +--+                                
  |  |              |  +-- Arcidens                  
  +--+              +--+                             
     |                 +-- Pseudodontoideus          
     |                                               
     |  +----------------- Alasmidonta               
     |  |                                            
     +--+  +-------------- Platynaias                
        |  |                                         
        |  |        +----- Pyganodon                 
        +--+  +-----+                                
           |  |     |  +-- Utterbackia               
           |  |     +--+                             
           +--+        +-- Anodontoides              
              |                                      
              |  +-------- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis **
              +--+                                   
                 |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **      
                 +--+                                
                    |  +-- Strophitus_radiatus **       
                    +--+                             
                       +-- Strophitus_williamsi **      

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44352423113
  +----------------------------- Utterbackiana                
  |                                                           
  |                          +-- Utterbackia                  
--+  +-----------------------+                                
  |  |                       +-- Pyganodon                    
  |  |                                                        
  |  |                    +----- Alasmidonta                  
  +--+  +-----------------+                                   
     |  |                 |  +-- Arcidens                     
     |  |                 +--+                                
     |  |                    +-- Pseudodontoideus             
     +--+                                                     
        |  +-------------------- Alasminota                   
        |  |                                                  
        |  |              +----- Pressodonta                  
        +--+  +-----------+                                   
           |  |           |  +-- Platynaias                   
           |  |           +--+                                
           +--+              +-- Prolasmidonta                
              |                                               
              |  +-------------- Anodontoides                 
              +--+                                            
                 |  +----------- Strophitus_undulatus **         
                 +--+                                         
                    |  +-------- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis__2 **
                    +--+                                      
                       |  +----- Strophitus_pascagoulaensis__1 **
                       +--+                                   
                          |  +-- Strophitus_radiatus **          
                          +--+                                
                             +-- Strophitus_williamsi **         

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023176--
  +-- Strophitus_radiatus ** 
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019022--
  +-- Pyganodon           
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101103158--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012322--
  +----- Lasmigona           
--+                          
  |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119865--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
--+                          
  |  +-- Platynaias          
  +--+                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113844--
        +-- Lasmigona           
  +-----+                       
  |     +-- Alasmidonta         
--+                             
  |  +----- Simpsonaias         
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Pyganodon           
     +--+                       
        +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101884--
  +----------- Pyganodon           
--+                                
  |  +-------- Lasmigona           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Prolasmidonta       
        +--+                       
           +-- Platynaias          

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014533--
  +-------- Lasmigona           
--+                             
  |  +----- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                       
        +-- Pyganodon           

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119865--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013344--
-- Strophitus_radiatus **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019022--
  +-- Pyganodon           
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110137105--
           +-- Pyganodon           
  +--------+                       
  |        +-- Utterbackia         
--+                                
  |  +-------- Lasmigona           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Alasmidonta         
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
        +--+                       
           +-- Platynaias          

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011777--
  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
--+                          
  |  +-- Prolasmidonta       
  +--+                       
     +-- Platynaias          

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014633--
  +-------- Lasmigona           
--+                             
  |  +----- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Pyganodon           
     +--+                       
        +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012322--
  +-- Pyganodon           
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017944--
        +-- Pyganodon           
  +-----+                       
  |     +-- Simpsonaias         
--+                             
  |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Alasmidonta         
     +--+                       
        +-- Lasmigona           

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013344--
  +----------- Utterbackiana      
--+                               
  |  +-------- Utterbackia        
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Strophitus_radiatus **
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Alasmidonta        
        +--+                      
           +-- Lasmigona          

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119137--
     +-------- Pseudodontoideus    
  +--+                             
  |  |  +----- Lasmigona_costata   
  |  +--+                          
  |     |  +-- Lasmigona_complanata
--+     +--+                       
  |        +-- Arcidens            
  |                                
  |  +-------- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Pyganodon           
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Utterbackia         
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Platynaias          
        +--+                       
           +-- Alasmidonta         

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013787--
  +-------------- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |                                   
  |        +----- Lasmigona_complanata
--+  +-----+                          
  |  |     |  +-- Lasmigona_costata   
  |  |     +--+                       
  +--+        +-- Arcidens            
     |                                
     |  +-------- Utterbackia         
     |  |                             
     +--+-------- Alasmidonta         
        |                             
        |  +----- Pyganodon           
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Anodontoides        
           +--+                       
              +-- Platynaias          

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012222--
  +----- Lasmigona           
--+                          
  |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014533--
  +-------- Lasmigona           
--+                             
  |  +----- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                       
        +-- Pyganodon           

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014633--
  +-------- Lasmigona           
--+                             
  |  +----- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                       
        +-- Pyganodon           

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110136105--
  +----------- Lasmigona           
  |                                
--+  +-------- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Platynaias          
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Alasmidonta         
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Pyganodon           
        +--+                       
           +-- Utterbackia         

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013311--
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
--+                       
  +-- Pyganodon           

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012744--
  +----- Strophitus_radiatus **
--+                         
  |  +-- Lasmigona          
  +--+                      
     +-- Alasmidonta        

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012943--
     +-- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                       
  |  +-- Lasmigona           
--+                          
  |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015243--
  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |                          
--+  +-- Platynaias          
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Alasmidonta         
     |                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012943--
     +-- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                       
  |  +-- Lasmigona           
--+                          
  |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013454--
  +----- Alasmidonta         
  |                          
  +----- Pyganodon           
--+                          
  +----- Lasmigona           
  |                          
  |  +-- Platynaias          
  +--+                       
     +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012433--
  +----- Lasmigona           
  |                          
--+  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Alasmidonta         
     |                       
     +-- Pyganodon           

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012654--
        +-- Utterbackia        
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Utterbackiana      
--+                            
  |  +----- Strophitus_radiatus **
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Lasmigona          
     +--+                      
        +-- Alasmidonta        

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112444--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113844--
  +----- Pyganodon           
  |                          
  +----- Simpsonaias         
--+                          
  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |                          
  |  +-- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                       
     +-- Lasmigona           

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112044--
  +----- Pyganodon           
  |                          
  +----- Simpsonaias         
--+                          
  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |                          
  |  +-- Alasmidonta         
  +--+                       
     +-- Lasmigona           

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
-- Strophitus_undulatus **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101553--
  +----- Lasmigona           
  |                          
--+  +-- Prolasmidonta       
  |  |                       
  +--+-- Strophitus_undulatus **
     |                       
     +-- Platynaias          

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017544--
        +-- Pyganodon           
  +-----+                       
  |     +-- Simpsonaias         
--+                             
  |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Alasmidonta         
     +--+                       
        +-- Lasmigona           

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110119665--
  +-- Simpsonaias         
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017544--
        +-- Alasmidonta         
  +-----+                       
  |     +-- Lasmigona           
--+                             
  |  +----- Pyganodon           
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                       
        +-- Simpsonaias         

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Pyganodon           
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Pyganodon           
--+                       
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
--+                       
  +-- Pyganodon           

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018244--
  +----------- Pyganodon           
--+                                
  |  +-------- Simpsonaias         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Strophitus_undulatus **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Alasmidonta         
        +--+                       
           +-- Lasmigona           

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101854--
  +-------- Pyganodon           
  |                             
  |     +-- Platynaias          
--+-----+                       
  |     +-- Strophitus_undulatus **
  |                             
  |  +----- Lasmigona_costata   
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Arcidens            
     +--+                       
        +-- Lasmigona_complanata
 
NSF icon MUSSEL icon
"Making the world a better place, one mollusk at a time."