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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini

genus Ensidens Frierson, 1911: cladomics
     6 Recent valid species (6 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 6 (6 total)
analyzed in 45 cladograms in 31 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 6 (mean = 2.69, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 20
maximum number of included terminals = 6, (mean = 4.8 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.9

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6120728620
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_dugasti **     
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                        
--+-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                        
  +-- Rectidens            
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_jaculus__1 **  
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_jaculus__2 **  
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55467710212
                       +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **  
                 +-----+                          
                 |     +-- Ensidens_telus **         
                 |                                
  +--------------+     +-- Ensidens_jaculus **       
  |              |  +--+                          
  |              |  |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus__1 **   
  |              +--+                             
  |                 |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus__2 **   
--+                 +--+                          
  |                    +-- Ensidens_dugasti **       
  |                                               
  |                    +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi    
  |  +-----------------+                          
  |  |                 +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei   
  +--+                                            
     |  +----------------- Rectidens              
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------------- Hyriopsis_panhai       
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_myersiana    
           |  |                                   
           +--+        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis  
              |  +-----+                          
              |  |     +-- Hyriopsis_bialata      
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Hyriopsis_kratiensis

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66461066211
     +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  +--+                                    
  |  |  +----------- Rectidens            
  |  +--+                                 
  |     |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |     +--+                              
  |        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |        +--+                           
--+           |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |           +--+                        
  |              +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |                                       
  |              +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |        +-----+                        
  |        |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |        |                              
  +--------+     +-- Ensidens_dugasti **     
           |  +--+                        
           |  |  +-- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
              +--+                        
                 +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66461126211
     +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
     |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Rectidens            
  |  |  |                              
  |  +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |     |  +--+                        
  |     |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |     +--+                           
  |        |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
--+        +--+                        
  |           +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |                                    
  |           +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |     +-----+                        
  |     |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |     |                              
  +-----+     +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ensidens_dugasti **     
           +--+                        
              +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6646237211
              +-- Rectidens            
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Hyriopsis            
  |                                    
--+           +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Ensidens_spiculus **    
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Ensidens_dugasti **     
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
           +--+                        
              +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664611111
  +-------------- Rectidens            
  |                                    
--+           +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Ensidens_dugasti **     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
           +--+                        
              +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351946211
  +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                                    
  +-------------- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                                    
  +-------------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |                                    
--+           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  +-----------+                        
  |           +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Rectidens            
  |  |                                 
  +--+        +-- Ensidens_telus **       
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
           +--+                        
              +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351346211
              +-- Ensidens_telus **       
        +-----+                        
        |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
  |     +--+                           
  |        |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |        +--+                        
--+           +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |                                    
  |           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Rectidens            
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351946211
  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                                 
  +----------- Rectidens            
  |                                 
  |        +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |        |                        
  |        +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
--+--------+                        
  |        +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |        |                        
  |        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                                 
  |        +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |  +-----+                        
  |  |     +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
        +--+                        
           +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5535266211
           +-- Ensidens_telus **       
     +-----+                        
     |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  +--+                              
  |  |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
  |  +--+                           
  |     |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |     +--+                        
--+        +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Rectidens            
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
        |  |                        
        +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           |                        
           +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5535476211
              +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
        +-----+                        
        |     +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
  |     +--+                           
  |        |  +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
--+        +--+                        
  |           +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  +--+----------- Rectidens            
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_bialata

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351346211
           +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
           |                           
  +--------+----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |        |                           
  |        |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |        +--+                        
--+           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  |  +----------- Rectidens            
  +--+                                 
     |        +-- Ensidens_telus **       
     |  +-----+                        
     |  |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
           +--+                        
              +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351206211
           +-- Ensidens_telus **       
     +-----+                        
     |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  +--+                              
  |  |  +----- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |  +--+                           
  |     |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |     +--+                        
--+        +-- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
  |                                 
  |  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Rectidens            
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        |  |                        
        +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           |                        
           +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55351926211
              +-- Ensidens_telus **       
        +-----+                        
        |     +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  +-----+                              
  |     |  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius ** 
  |     +--+                           
  |        |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
--+        +--+                        
  |           +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |                                    
  |  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Rectidens            
     |  |                              
     +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554644112
  +-------------- Hyriopsis              
  |                                      
--+           +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **  
  |  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Ensidens_telus **         
  +--+                                   
     |  +-------- Ensidens_sagittarius__2 **
     +--+                                
        |  +----- Ensidens_jaculus **       
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Ensidens_sagittarius__1 **
           +--+                          
              +-- Ensidens_dugasti **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
580578315
  +-- Ensidens_telus **       
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_jaculus **     
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
--+                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **    
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313881111
  +-------- Hyriopsis           
--+                             
  |  +----- Ensidens_telus **      
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **   
     +--+                       
        +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313881111
  +-------- Hyriopsis           
--+                             
  |  +----- Ensidens_telus **      
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Ensidens_spiculus **   
     +--+                       
        +-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3303774210
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                           
  +----- Rectidens            
  |                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
--+--+                        
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                           
  |  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |  |                        
  +--+-- Ensidens_telus **       
     |                        
     +-- Ensidens_jaculus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021992--
                 +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **  
  +--------------+                          
  |              +-- Ensidens_jaculus **       
  |                                         
--+              +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi    
  |  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei   
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Rectidens              
     |  |                                   
     |  |     +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana    
     +--+  +--+                             
        |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata      
        |  |  +--+                          
        +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai       
           |                                
           |  +----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis  
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis
              +--+                          
                 +-- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013132--
  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                          
  |  +-- Rectidens           
  +--+                       
     +-- Hyriopsis

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015722--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014611--
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                        
  +-- Hyriopsis

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013632--
  +-------- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                             
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_bialata   
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi 
     +--+                       
        +-- Rectidens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013522--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014411--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013632--
-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013522--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013900--
-- Ensidens_telus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101622--
  +-- Ensidens **    
  |               
  +-- Hyriopsis__1
--+               
  +-- Hyriopsis__2
  |               
  +-- Rectidens

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014711--
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                        
  +-- Hyriopsis

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112011--
-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013632--
  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                          
  |  +-- Rectidens           
  +--+                       
     +-- Hyriopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013632--
  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                          
  |  +-- Rectidens           
  +--+                       
     +-- Hyriopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013732--
  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                          
  |  +-- Rectidens           
  +--+                       
     +-- Hyriopsis

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013632--
-- Ensidens_sagittarius **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017522--
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
  |                        
--+-- Hyriopsis            
  |                        
  +-- Rectidens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017522--
  +----- Ensidens_ingallsianus **
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens            
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014411--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014542--
  +----- Ensidens_sagittarius **
--+                          
  |  +-- Rectidens           
  +--+                       
     +-- Hyriopsis
 
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