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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Publication Campbell & Lydeard (2012): cladograms
     publication summary | cladograms

Complete Citation

Campbell, D.C. & C. Lydeard. 2012. Molecular systematics of Fusconaia (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Ambleminae). American Malacological Bulletin 30(1): 1-17. Available electronically.

Cladogram Figures

(click the figure number to see the cladogram)

Cladogram Figure 1
                                      +----------- Quadrula_quadrula       
                                      |                                    
  +-----------------------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata      
  |                                   |  +-----+                           
  |                                   |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana     
  |                                   +--+                                 
  |                                      |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata  
  |                                      +--+                              
  |                                         |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa      
  |                                         +--+                           
  |                                            +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa     
  |                                                                        
  |                                         +----- Popenaias_popeii        
  |                             +-----------+                              
--+                             |           |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |                             |           +--+                           
  |                             |              +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  +--------------------------+                                          
  |  |                          |           +----- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |                          |  +--------+                              
  |  |                          |  |        |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |  |                          |  |        +--+                           
  |  |                          +--+           +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
  |  |                             |                                       
  |  |                             |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                             +--+                                    
  |  |                                |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
  +--+                                +--+                                 
     |                                   |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
     |                                   +--+                              
     |                                      |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                                      +--+                           
     |                                         +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                                     
     |  +----------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                                  
     |  |  +-------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
     +--+  |                                                               
        |  |                                +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
        |  |  +-----------------------------+                              
        +--+  |                             |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
           |  |                             +--+                           
           |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
           |  |                                                            
           +--+                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
              |  +-----------------------------+                           
              |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
              |  |                                                         
              |  |                             +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
              |  |                       +-----+                           
              +--+                       |     +-- Hemistena_lata          
                 |  +--------------------+                                 
                 |  |                    |  +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                 |  |                    +--+                              
                 |  |                       |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                 |  |                       +--+                           
                 +--+                          +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                    |                                                      
                    |                       +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                    |  +--------------------+                              
                    |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                    |  |                    +--+                           
                    +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                       |                                                   
                       |  +----------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
                       |  |                                                
                       +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                          |  |                                             
                          +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                             |  +--------------+                           
                             |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                             +--+                                          
                                |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                |  |                                       
                                +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                                   |  +--------+                           
                                   |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                   +--+                                    
                                      |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2     
                                         +--+                              
                                            |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                            +--+                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1
Cladogram Figure 2
                       +----------- Quadrula_quadrula       
                       |                                    
  +--------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata      
  |                    |  +-----+                           
  |                    |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana     
  |                    +--+                                 
  |                       |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata  
  |                       +--+                              
  |                          |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa      
  |                          +--+                           
  |                             +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa     
  |                                                         
  |                             +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |                          +--+                           
  |                          |  +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
--+              +-----------+                              
  |              |           |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |              |           +--+                           
  |  +-----------+              +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  |           |                                          
  |  |           |  +-------------- Popenaias_popeii        
  |  |           |  |                                       
  |  |           +--+  +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |              |  |                                    
  |  |              +--+----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                 |                                    
  |  |                 |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
  |  |                 +--+                                 
  |  |                    |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
  +--+                    +--+                              
     |                       |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                       +--+                           
     |                          +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                      
     |  +-------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                   
     |  |  +----------------------- Hemistena_lata          
     |  |  |                                                
     |  |  +----------------------- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
     |  |  |                                                
     +--+  |                    +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  +--------------------+                           
        |  |                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                
        |  |                    +-- Eurynia_dilatata        
        |  +--------------------+                           
        |  |                    +-- Parvaspina_collina      
        +--+                                                
           |                 +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
           |  +--------------+                              
           |  |              |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
           |  |              +--+                           
           |  |                 +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
           |  |                                             
           |  |                 +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
           |  |        +--------+                           
           |  |        |        +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
           |  +--------+                                    
           |  |        |  +-------- Pleurobema_stabile      
           +--+        +--+                                 
              |           |  +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
              |           +--+                              
              |              |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
              |              +--+                           
              |                 +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
              |                                             
              |              +----- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
              |  +-----------+                              
              |  |           |  +-- Fusconaia_cor           
              |  |           +--+                           
              +--+              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                 |                                          
                 |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                 |  |                                       
                 +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                    |  +--------+                           
                    |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2     
                          +--+                              
                             |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                             +--+                           
                                +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1
Cladogram Figure 3
                                   +-------------- Uniomerus_declivis      
                                   |                                       
  +--------------------------------+           +-- Pustulosa_infucata      
  |                                |  +--------+                           
  |                                |  |        +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana     
  |                                +--+                                    
  |                                   |  +-------- Quadrula_quadrula       
  |                                   +--+                                 
  |                                      |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata  
  |                                      +--+                              
  |                                         |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa      
  |                                         +--+                           
  |                                            +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa     
--+                                                                        
  |                                +-------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
  |  +-----------------------------+                                       
  |  |                             |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                             +--+                                    
  |  |                                |  +-------- Obovaria_unicolor       
  |  |                                +--+                                 
  |  |                                   |  +----- Obovaria_olivaria       
  |  |                                   +--+                              
  |  |                                      |  +-- Lampsilis_ovata         
  |  |                                      +--+                           
  |  |                                         +-- Lemiox_rimosus          
  +--+                                                                     
     |                                +----------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
     |                                |                                    
     |                                |     +----- Popenaias_popeii        
     |  +-----------------------------+  +--+                              
     |  |                             |  |  |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
     |  |                             |  |  +--+                           
     |  |                             +--+     +-- Amblema_plicata         
     |  |                                |                                 
     |  |                                |     +-- Reginaia_ebenus__1      
     |  |                                |     |                           
     +--+                                +-----+-- Reginaia_ebenus__2      
        |                                      |                           
        |                                      +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
        |                                                                  
        |                                      +-- Elliptio_arca           
        |  +-----------------------------------+                           
        |  |                                   +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
        |  |                                                               
        +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
           |  |                                                            
           |  |  +-------------------------------- Parvaspina_collina      
           |  |  |                                                         
           +--+  |                             +-- Hemistena_lata          
              |  +-----------------------------+                           
              |  |                             +-- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
              |  |                                                         
              +--+                          +----- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                 |  +-----------------------+                              
                 |  |                       |  +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                 |  |                       +--+                           
                 |  |                          +-- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                 |  |                                                      
                 |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_stabile      
                 +--+                    +-----+                           
                    |                    |     +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
                    |  +-----------------+                                 
                    |  |                 |  +----- Pleurobema_decisum      
                    |  |                 +--+                              
                    |  |                    |  +-- Pleurobema_clava        
                    +--+                    +--+                           
                       |                       +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                       |                                                   
                       |  +----------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum     
                       |  |                                                
                       +--+  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                          |  |                                             
                          |  |                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                          +--+  +--------------+                           
                             |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                             |  |                                          
                             +--+  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                |  |                                       
                                |  |           +-- Fusconaia_flava__6      
                                |  |  +--------+                           
                                +--+  |        +-- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                   |  |                                    
                                   |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                   |  |        |                           
                                   +--+        +-- Fusconaia_burkei__1     
                                      |  +-----+                           
                                      |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei__2     
                                      |  |     |                           
                                      |  |     +-- Fusconaia_burkei__3     
                                      +--+                                 
                                         |  +----- Fusconaia_flava__5      
                                         |  |                              
                                         |  |  +-- Fusconaia_cerina        
                                         +--+  |                           
                                            |  +-- Fusconaia_flava__1      
                                            |  |                           
                                            +--+-- Fusconaia_flava__2      
                                               |                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_flava__3      
                                               |                           
                                               +-- Fusconaia_flava__4
Cladogram Figure 4
                                         +----------- Quadrula_quadrula       
                                         |                                    
  +--------------------------------------+        +-- Pustulosa_infucata      
  |                                      |  +-----+                           
  |                                      |  |     +-- Pustulosa_kleiniana     
  |                                      +--+                                 
  |                                         |  +----- Cyclonaias_tuberculata  
  |                                         +--+                              
  |                                            |  +-- Pustulosa_succissa      
  |                                            +--+                           
  |                                               +-- Pustulosa_pustulosa     
  |                                                                           
  |                                            +----- Popenaias_popeii        
  |                                   +--------+                              
--+                                   |        |  +-- Amblema_elliottii       
  |                                   |        +--+                           
  |                                   |           +-- Amblema_plicata         
  |  +--------------------------------+                                       
  |  |                                |  +----------- Plectomerus_dombeyanus  
  |  |                                |  |                                    
  |  |                                |  |     +----- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis 
  |  |                                |  +-----+                              
  |  |                                +--+     |  +-- Reginaia_ebenus         
  |  |                                   |     +--+                           
  |  |                                   |        +-- Reginaia_rotulata       
  |  |                                   |                                    
  +--+                                   |  +-------- Lemiox_rimosus          
     |                                   +--+                                 
     |                                      |  +----- Lampsilis_ovata         
     |                                      +--+                              
     |                                         |  +-- Obovaria_unicolor       
     |                                         +--+                           
     |                                            +-- Obovaria_olivaria       
     |                                                                        
     |  +-------------------------------------------- Elliptoideus_sloatianus 
     |  |                                                                     
     +--+  +----------------------------------------- Pleurobema_stabile      
        |  |                                                                  
        +--+  +-------------------------------------- Hemistena_lata          
           |  |                                                               
           +--+  +----------------------------------- Eurynia_dilatata        
              |  |                                                            
              |  |                                +-- Pleurobema_cordatum     
              +--+  +-----------------------------+                           
                 |  |                             +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia     
                 |  |                                                         
                 |  |                          +----- Pleurobema_clava        
                 +--+  +-----------------------+                              
                    |  |                       |  +-- Pleurobema_decisum      
                    |  |                       +--+                           
                    |  |                          +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme    
                    |  |                                                      
                    +--+                    +-------- Parvaspina_collina      
                       |  +-----------------+                                 
                       |  |                 |  +----- Pleuronaia_gibber       
                       |  |                 +--+                              
                       |  |                    |  +-- Pleuronaia_barnesiana   
                       |  |                    +--+                           
                       +--+                       +-- Pleuronaia_dolabelloides
                          |                                                   
                          |                    +----- Plethobasus_cyphyus     
                          |  +-----------------+                              
                          |  |                 |  +-- Elliptio_arca           
                          |  |                 +--+                           
                          +--+                    +-- Elliptio_crassidens     
                             |                                                
                             |  +-------------------- Fusconaia_subrotunda    
                             |  |                                             
                             +--+                 +-- Fusconaia_cor           
                                |  +--------------+                           
                                |  |              +-- Fusconaia_cuneolus      
                                +--+                                          
                                   |  +-------------- Fusconaia_ozarkensis    
                                   |  |                                       
                                   +--+           +-- Fusconaia_burkei        
                                      |  +--------+                           
                                      |  |        +-- Fusconaia_escambia      
                                      +--+                                    
                                         |  +-------- Fusconaia_masoni        
                                         +--+                                 
                                            |  +----- Fusconaia_cerina__2     
                                            +--+                              
                                               |  +-- Fusconaia_flava         
                                               +--+                           
                                                  +-- Fusconaia_cerina__1
 
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