The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina genus Pletholophus Simpson, 1900: cladomics
4 Recent valid species (4 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 41 cladograms in 23 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
4 (mean = 1.59, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 10
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean =
3.4 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.9
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 29 | 8 | 0 | +-------------------- Cristaria
|
--+ +----------------- Beringiana
| |
| | +----- Mimo
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acudonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Anemina
| +-----+
| | | +-- Amuranodonta
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 26 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 31 | 29 | 7 | 8 | +----------------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Beringiana
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acudonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
|
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 627 | 29 | 8 | 2 | +----- Mimo
+--------+
| | +-- Acudonta
| +--+
--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +----------- Beringiana
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 24 | 7 | 1 | +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--------+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
| +--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +----- Beringiana
| +-----+
| | | +-- Mimo
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +-------- Cristaria
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | +----------- Cristaria
--+
| +-------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 29 | 25 | 6 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 123 | 5 | 2 | -- | -- Pletholophus_tenuis **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 4 | -- | +-- Beringiana
+-----+
| +-- Sinanodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-------- Anemina
--+
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 121 | 23 | 6 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Anemina
+--+
--+ | +-- Amuranodonta
| +--+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 137 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 81 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 64 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 4 | -- | +-- Beringiana
+-----+
| +-- Sinanodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +-- Anemina
+-----+
| +-- Amuranodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-------- Anemina
--+
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 13 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 79 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 137 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 9 | 5 | -- | -- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 2 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 4 | -- | +-- Cristaria
+-----+
| +-- Buldowskia
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 8 | 4 | -- | +-- Cristaria
+-----+
| +-- Buldowskia
--+
| +----- Beringiana
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
|
