The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Search the database pages:
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina genus Pletholophus Simpson, 1900: cladomics
4 Recent valid species (4 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 42 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
4 (mean = 1.57, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 10
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean =
3.4 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.9
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 29 | 8 | 0 | +-------------------- Cristaria
|
--+ +----------------- Beringiana
| |
| | +----- Mimo
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acudonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Anemina
| +-----+
| | | +-- Amuranodonta
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 31 | 29 | 7 | 8 | +----------------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Beringiana
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acudonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
|
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 628 | 29 | 8 | 2 | +----- Mimo
+--------+
| | +-- Acudonta
| +--+
--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +----------- Beringiana
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 26 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 0 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | +----------- Cristaria
--+
| +-------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 24 | 7 | 1 | +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
+--------+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
| +--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +----- Beringiana
| +-----+
| | | +-- Mimo
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +-------- Cristaria
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 29 | 25 | 6 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 138 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 64 | 13 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 121 | 23 | 6 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Anemina
+--+
--+ | +-- Amuranodonta
| +--+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 81 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 63 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 9 | 5 | -- | -- Pletholophus_reinianus **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 4 | -- | +-- Beringiana
+-----+
| +-- Sinanodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +-- Anemina
+-----+
| +-- Amuranodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 198 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-------- Anemina
--+
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 4 | -- | +-- Cristaria
+-----+
| +-- Buldowskia
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis **
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 200 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-------- Anemina
--+
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 124 | 5 | 2 | -- | -- Pletholophus_tenuis **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 10 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
--+
| +-- Beringiana
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 8 | 4 | -- | +-- Cristaria
+-----+
| +-- Buldowskia
--+
| +----- Beringiana
+--+
| +-- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 200 | 8 | 3 | -- | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 138 | 5 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 4 | -- | +-- Beringiana
+-----+
| +-- Sinanodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus_reinianus **
+--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 2 | -- | +----- Pletholophus_honglinhensis **
--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Pletholophus_tenuis **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
|
