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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini | Rectidentina

genus Rectidens Simpson, 1900: cladomics
     3 Recent valid species (3 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (3 total)
analyzed in 56 cladograms in 35 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.09, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 4
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.25 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33031110
  +----- Hyriopsis            
  |                           
--+  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  |  |                        
  +--+-- Rectidens_orientalis ** 
     |                        
     +-- Rectidens_lauris **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202630152--
  +----------------- Ensidens               
  |                                         
  |              +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei   
  |           +--+                          
--+           |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi    
  |  +--------+                             
  |  |        |  +-- Rectidens_lauris **       
  |  |        +--+                          
  |  |           +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **  
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Hyriopsis_panhai       
     |  |                                   
     |  |        +-- Hyriopsis_bialata      
     +--+  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis  
        |  |                                
        +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_kratiensis   
           |  +--+                          
           |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana    
              +--+                          
                 +-- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024332--
  +-------- Ensidens             
--+                              
  |  +----- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
     +--+                        
        +-- Rectidens_lauris **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202111--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_lauris **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011911--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012211--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110120102--
  +----------------- Ensidens               
  |                                         
  |              +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi    
--+  +-----------+                          
  |  |           +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei   
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **  
     |  |                                   
     |  |     +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana    
     +--+  +--+                             
        |  |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata      
        |  |  +--+                          
        +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai       
           |                                
           |  +----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis  
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis
              +--+                          
                 +-- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110130102--
  +----------- Ensidens             
  |                                 
--+  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
        |  |                        
        +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           |                        
           +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112111--
-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019111--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114011--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
  +-------- Ensidens             
--+                              
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  +--+                           
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
     +--+                        
        +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015822--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101110112--
  +----------------- Ensidens             
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
              +--+                        
                 +-- Hyriopsis_bialata

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101137102--
        +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
        |                        
  +-----+-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  |     |                        
  |     +-- Ensidens             
--+                              
  |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
     |                           
     |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
     +--+                        
        +-- Hyriopsis_bialata

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110128122--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101137102--
  +-------------- Ensidens             
  |                                    
--+           +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |  +--------+                        
  |  |        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011911--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101199102--
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                           
  +----- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  |                           
--+----- Ensidens             
  |                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     |                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019111--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012611--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014611--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013322--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018711--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017522--
  +-- Ensidens             
  |                        
--+-- Hyriopsis            
  |                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013422--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110150102--
  +-------------- Ensidens             
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  +--+----------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_bialata

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110181152--
  +----------------------- Ensidens               
  |                                               
--+                    +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi    
  |  +-----------------+                          
  |  |                 +-- Hyriopsis_delaportei   
  +--+                                            
     |  +----------------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **  
     |  |                                         
     +--+  +-------------- Hyriopsis_panhai       
        |  |                                      
        +--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_myersiana    
           |  |                                   
           +--+        +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis  
              |  +-----+                          
              |  |     +-- Hyriopsis_bialata      
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Hyriopsis_sakhonensis  
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Hyriopsis_phuphaniensis
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Hyriopsis_kratiensis

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011091--
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
--+                        
  +-- Hyriopsis

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101116112--
  +-------------- Ensidens             
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
     |  |                              
     +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_panhai

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis            
  +--+                        
     +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017962--
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                           
  +----- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
--+                           
  +----- Ensidens             
  |                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101622--
  +-- Ensidens    
  |               
  +-- Hyriopsis__1
--+               
  +-- Hyriopsis__2
  |               
  +-- Rectidens **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014711--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101197102--
  +-------------- Ensidens             
  |                                    
--+  +----------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                                 
  +--+  +-------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
     |  |                              
     +--+     +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
        |  +--+                        
        |  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           +--+                        
              +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013532--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017522--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101123102--
  +----------- Ensidens             
  |                                 
--+  +-------- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |  |                              
  |  +-------- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
        |  |                        
        +--+-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
           |                        
           +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110133112--
  +-- Ensidens_ingallsianus
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_telus       
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_dugasti     
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                        
--+-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  |                        
  +-- Hyriopsis_panhai     
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_jaculus__1  
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_jaculus__2  
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_spiculus    
  |                        
  +-- Ensidens_sagittarius

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101199102--
  +----- Hyriopsis_desowitzi  
  |                           
  +----- Hyriopsis_myersiana  
  |                           
  +----- Hyriopsis_panhai     
--+                           
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_bialata    
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Hyriopsis_khoratensis
  |                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Ensidens

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101551--
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
--+                        
  +-- Hyriopsis

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013032--
  +----- Ensidens             
--+                           
  |  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
  +--+                        
     +-- Hyriopsis

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101661--
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
--+                        
  +-- Ensidens

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018511--
  +-- Hyriopsis            
--+                        
  +-- Rectidens_sumatrensis **
 
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