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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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genus Radiatula Simpson, 1900: cladomics
7 Recent valid species (7 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 7 (7 total)
analyzed in 35 cladograms in 23 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 3.57, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 27
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 4.33 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.85

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	55	22	7	0

                    +-- Pseudoscabies          
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
              |                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	54	20	6	0

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
--+  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
              |                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	56	22	7	6

                       +-- Pseudoscabies          
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Indonaia               
  |                                               
--+  +-------------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                            
  |  |           +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +--------+                                
  +--+  |        |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |        +--+                             
     |  |           |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |           +--+                          
     +--+              +-- Scabies                
        |                                         
        |              +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        |  +-----------+                          
        |  |           +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
        +--+                                      
           |  +----------- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           +--+                                   
              |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	54	20	6	4

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
--+  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |        +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                             
        |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
        |  |     +--+                          
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |                                   
           |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	624	21	6	6

        +----- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
  +-----+                             
  |     |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
  |     +--+                          
--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
  |                                   
  |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
        +--+                          
           +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	52	20	6	3

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +-----+                          
           |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	3	6	52	20	6	2

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  |  |     +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +--+                                
     |  |  |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |  +--+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+     +--+                          
        |        +-- Scabies                
        |                                   
        |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                
        +--+     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +--+                          
           |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
              |  |                          
              +--+-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
                 |                          
                 +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	43	3	2	3

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
     |  |                                   
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	9	6	2	1

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
     |  |                                   
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                          
                 +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	52	20	6	3

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +-----+                          
           |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	13	1	1	2

  +----------- Indochinella           
  |                                   
--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
        +--+                          
           +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	113	17	6	3

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  |  |     +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
  +--+  +--+                                
     |  |  |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
     |  |  +--+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
     +--+     +--+                          
        |        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        |                                   
        |  +-------- Scabiellus             
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Scabies                
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Unionetta              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Harmandia

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	15	12	4	107	16	6	14

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |           +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
  +--+  +--------+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Scabiellus             
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Harmandia              
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Unionetta              
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	121	9	3	4

  +----------- Indochinella        
--+                                
  |  +-------- Scabies             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	48	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	197	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	195	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	79	8	3	6

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	4	2	3	88	2	2	7

  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Scabies             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	6	1	3	33	5	3	8

  +-------- Indonaia            
  |                             
--+  +----- Indochinella        
  |  |                          
  +--+  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
     |  |                       
     |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     +--+                       
        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
        |                       
        +-- Scabies

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	8	1	3	33	5	3	10

  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
  |                       
  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
  |                       
  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella        
  |                       
  +-- Indonaia            
  |                       
  +-- Scabies

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	197	9	3	6

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	88	2	2	6

  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Scabies             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	20	15	6	4

  +----------------- Indonaia            
  |                                      
--+  +-------------- Indochinella        
  |  |                                   
  |  |        +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
  +--+  +-----+                          
     |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  |     +--+                       
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
        |                                
        |  +-------- Scabiellus          
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Harmandia           
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Unionetta           
              +--+                       
                 +-- Scabies

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	26	15	6	--

  +-------------------- Indonaia             
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Indochinella         
  |  |                                       
  +--+              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii ** 
     |  +-----------+                        
     |  |           +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae ** 
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Scabiellus           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Harmandia            
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	136	9	3	--

  +-------------- Indonaia            
  |                                   
  |           +-- Indochinella        
--+  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata    
  |  |                                
  +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis     
           +--+                       
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	136	9	3	--

  +-------------- Indonaia            
  |                                   
  |           +-- Indochinella        
--+  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata    
  |  |                                
  +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis     
           +--+                       
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	81	13	6	--

  +----------------- Indonaia         
--+                                   
  |  +-------------- Indochinella     
  +--+                                
     |  +----------- Radiatula_mouhoti **
     +--+                             
        |  +-------- Scabiellus       
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Scabies          
           +--+                       
              |  +-- Unionetta        
              +--+                    
                 +-- Harmandia

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	9	0	0	--

-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	1	1	--

  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	39	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella        
--+                          
  |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
  +--+                       
     +-- Scabies

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	121	0	0	--

-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	2	2	--

  +----- Indonaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Indochinella     
  +--+                    
     +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	30	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella        
--+                          
  |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
  +--+                       
     +-- Scabies

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	1	1	--

  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella

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