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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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genus Radiatula Simpson, 1900: cladomics
7 Recent valid species (7 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 7 (7 total)
analyzed in 36 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 3.5, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 27
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 4.33 median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.85

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	55	22	7	0

                    +-- Pseudoscabies          
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
              |                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	625	22	7	6

                    +-- Pseudoscabies          
  +-----------------+                          
  |                 +-- Indonaia               
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
--+  |                                         
  |  |              +-- Scabiellus             
  |  |        +-----+                          
  |  |        |     +-- Unionetta_fabagina__2  
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1  
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |        +----- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
        |  +-----+                             
        |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  |     +--+                          
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |                                   
           |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	54	20	6	0

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
--+  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        |  |     +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        +--+  +--+                             
           |  |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |  |  +--+                          
           +--+     +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
              |                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	56	22	7	6

                       +-- Pseudoscabies          
  +--------------------+                          
  |                    +-- Indonaia               
  |                                               
--+  +-------------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                            
  |  |           +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +--------+                                
  +--+  |        |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |        +--+                             
     |  |           |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |           +--+                          
     +--+              +-- Scabies                
        |                                         
        |              +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        |  +-----------+                          
        |  |           +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
        +--+                                      
           |  +----------- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           +--+                                   
              |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
              +--+                                
                 |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
                 +--+                             
                    |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                    +--+                          
                       +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	7	54	20	6	4

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
--+  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  |  |  +-----+                                
  +--+  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |        +----- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                             
        |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_kachinensis **  
        |  |     +--+                          
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           |                                   
           |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	43	3	2	3

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
     |  |                                   
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	9	6	2	1

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  +--+  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
     |  |                                   
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |  +-----+                          
        |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                          
                 +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	52	20	6	3

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +-----+                          
           |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	52	20	6	3

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |        +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +-----+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Scabies                
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                   
        +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +-----+                          
           |  |     +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	3	6	52	20	6	2

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  |  |     +-------- Scabiellus             
  +--+  +--+                                
     |  |  |  +----- Harmandia              
     |  |  +--+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Unionetta              
     +--+     +--+                          
        |        +-- Scabies                
        |                                   
        |  +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        |  |                                
        +--+     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
           |  +--+                          
           |  |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **
              |  |                          
              +--+-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
                 |                          
                 +-- Radiatula_chindwinensis **

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	13	1	1	2

  +----------- Indochinella           
  |                                   
--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Radiatula_chindwinensis **
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
        +--+                          
           +-- Radiatula_myitthanensis **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	113	17	6	3

  +----------------- Indonaia               
  |                                         
--+  +-------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                      
  |  |     +-------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
  +--+  +--+                                
     |  |  |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
     |  |  +--+                             
     |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
     +--+     +--+                          
        |        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
        |                                   
        |  +-------- Scabiellus             
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Scabies                
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Unionetta              
              +--+                          
                 +-- Harmandia

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	15	12	4	107	16	6	14

  +-------------------- Indonaia               
  |                                            
--+  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |           +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **      
  +--+  +--------+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **   
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **   
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata **
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Scabiellus             
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Harmandia              
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Unionetta              
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Scabies

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	6	1	3	33	5	3	8

  +-------- Indonaia            
  |                             
--+  +----- Indochinella        
  |  |                          
  +--+  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
     |  |                       
     |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     +--+                       
        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
        |                       
        +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	79	8	3	6

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	8	1	3	33	5	3	10

  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
  |                       
  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
  |                       
  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella        
  |                       
  +-- Indonaia            
  |                       
  +-- Scabies

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	196	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	20	15	6	4

  +----------------- Indonaia            
  |                                      
--+  +-------------- Indochinella        
  |  |                                   
  |  |        +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
  +--+  +-----+                          
     |  |     |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  |     +--+                       
     +--+        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
        |                                
        |  +-------- Scabiellus          
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Harmandia           
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Unionetta           
              +--+                       
                 +-- Scabies

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	198	9	3	6

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	48	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	122	9	3	4

  +----------- Indochinella        
--+                                
  |  +-------- Scabies             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	4	2	3	88	2	2	7

  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Scabies             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	88	2	2	6

  +----------- Indonaia            
--+                                
  |  +-------- Scabies             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                       
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	198	9	3	4

  +-------------- Indonaia            
--+                                   
  |  +----------- Indochinella        
  +--+                                
     |  +-------- Scabies             
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Radiatula_mouhoti **   
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
           +--+                       
              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	9	3	--

  +-------------- Indonaia            
  |                                   
  |           +-- Indochinella        
--+  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata    
  |  |                                
  +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis     
           +--+                       
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	26	15	6	--

  +-------------------- Indonaia             
  |                                          
--+  +----------------- Indochinella         
  |  |                                       
  +--+              +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii ** 
     |  +-----------+                        
     |  |           +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae ** 
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Scabiellus           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Harmandia            
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	9	3	--

  +-------------- Indonaia            
  |                                   
  |           +-- Indochinella        
--+  +--------+                       
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata    
  |  |                                
  +--+        +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae **
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus  
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis     
           +--+                       
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	121	0	0	--

-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	1	1	--

  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	9	0	0	--

-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	2	2	--

  +----- Indonaia         
--+                       
  |  +-- Indochinella     
  +--+                    
     +-- Radiatula_mouhoti **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4833], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	26	13	5	--

-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	1	1	--

  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
--+                       
  +-- Indochinella

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	30	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella        
--+                          
  |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
  +--+                       
     +-- Scabies

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	81	13	6	--

  +----------------- Indonaia         
--+                                   
  |  +-------------- Indochinella     
  +--+                                
     |  +----------- Radiatula_mouhoti **
     +--+                             
        |  +-------- Scabiellus       
        +--+                          
           |  +----- Scabies          
           +--+                       
              |  +-- Unionetta        
              +--+                    
                 +-- Harmandia

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	39	2	2	--

  +----- Indochinella        
--+                          
  |  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii **
  +--+                       
     +-- Scabies

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