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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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genus Indonaia Prashad, 1918: cladomics
12 Recent valid species (12 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 12 (12 total)
analyzed in 37 cladograms in 22 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 9 (mean = 3.59, median = 3)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 21
maximum number of included terminals = 9, (mean = 5.57 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.95

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	9	53	20	7	0

              +-------------- Indochinella          
  +-----------+                                     
  |           |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |           +--+                                  
  |              |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |              +--+                               
  |                 |  +----- Harmandia             
--+                 +--+                            
  |                    |  +-- Unionetta             
  |                    +--+                         
  |                       +-- Scabies               
  |                                                 
  |  +----------------------- Pseudoscabies         
  |  |                                              
  +--+  +-------------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
     |  |                                           
     +--+  +----------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
        |  |                                        
        +--+  +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **       
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
              |  |                                  
              +--+        +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
                 |  +-----+                         
                 |  |     +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
                       +--+                         
                          +-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	9	54	20	7	4

           +-------------- Indochinella          
  +--------+                                     
  |        |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |        +--+                                  
  |           |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |           +--+                               
  |              |  +----- Harmandia             
--+              +--+                            
  |                 |  +-- Unionetta             
  |                 +--+                         
  |                    +-- Scabies               
  |                                              
  |  +-------------------- Pseudoscabies         
  |  |                                           
  +--+                 +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
     |  +--------------+                         
     |  |              +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **       
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
           |  |                                  
           +--+        +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
              |  +-----+                         
              |  |     +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
              +--+                               
                 |  +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Indonaia_rugosa **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	7

     +-------------- Indochinella          
  +--+                                     
  |  |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |  +--+                                  
  |     |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |     +--+                               
  |        |  +----- Harmandia             
  |        +--+                            
--+           |  +-- Unionetta             
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Scabies               
  |                                        
  |              +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
  |     +--------+                         
  |     |        +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
  |     |                                  
  +-----+     +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
        |  +--+                            
        |  |  |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
        |  |  +--+                         
        +--+     +-- Indonaia_rugosa **       
           |                               
           |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
              +--+                         
                 +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	53	19	6	1

        +-------------- Indochinella          
  +-----+                                     
  |     |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |     +--+                                  
  |        |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |        +--+                               
  |           |  +----- Harmandia             
--+           +--+                            
  |              |  +-- Unionetta             
  |              +--+                         
  |                 +-- Scabies               
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        |  |                                  
        +--+        +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
           |  +-----+                         
           |  |     +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	7

     +-------------- Indochinella          
  +--+                                     
  |  |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |  +--+                                  
  |     |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |     +--+                               
  |        |  +----- Harmandia             
  |        +--+                            
--+           |  +-- Unionetta             
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Scabies               
  |                                        
  |              +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
  |     +--------+                         
  |     |        +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
  |     |                                  
  +-----+     +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        |  +--+                            
        |  |  |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
        |  |  +--+                         
        +--+     +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
           |                               
           |  +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Indonaia_rugosa **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	53	19	6	7

     +-------------- Indochinella          
  +--+                                     
  |  |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |  +--+                                  
  |     |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |     +--+                               
  |        |  +----- Harmandia             
  |        +--+                            
--+           |  +-- Unionetta             
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Scabies               
  |                                        
  |              +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
  |     +--------+                         
  |     |        +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
  |     |                                  
  +-----+     +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
        |  +--+                            
        |  |  |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
        |  |  +--+                         
        +--+     +-- Indonaia_rugosa **       
           |                               
           |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
              +--+                         
                 +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	8	6	8	50	18	6	1

        +-------------- Indochinella          
  +-----+                                     
  |     |  +----------- Radiatula             
  |     +--+                                  
  |        |  +-------- Scabiellus            
  |        +--+                               
  |           |  +----- Harmandia             
--+           +--+                            
  |              |  +-- Unionetta             
  |              +--+                         
  |                 +-- Scabies               
  |                                           
  |  +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **   
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **     
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        |  |                                  
        +--+        +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
           |  +-----+                         
           |  |     +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	2	5	196	7	3	9

        +----- Indochinella          
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Scabies               
  |     +--+                         
--+        +-- Radiatula             
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
        |                            
        |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        +--+                         
           +-- Indonaia_caerulea **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	10	7	2	8

              +-- Indochinella          
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Radiatula             
--+                                     
  |  +----------- Indonaia_rugosa **       
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
           +--+                         
              +-- Indonaia_caerulea **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	6	3	5	120	7	3	10

        +----- Indochinella          
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Scabies               
  |     +--+                         
--+        +-- Radiatula             
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
     |  |                            
     |  |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
     +--+--+                         
        |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
        |                            
        |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
        +--+                         
           +-- Lamellidens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	2	5	196	7	3	9

     +----- Indochinella          
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Scabies               
  |  +--+                         
  |     +-- Radiatula             
--+                               
  |  +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  |  |                            
  |  |  +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
  +--+--+                         
     |  +-- Indonaia_rugosa **       
     |                            
     |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
     +--+                         
        +-- Indonaia_caerulea **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	2	5	194	7	3	9

        +----- Indochinella          
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Scabies               
  |     +--+                         
--+        +-- Radiatula             
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
        |                            
        |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        +--+                         
           +-- Indonaia_caerulea **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	47	7	3	8

           +----- Indochinella          
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Scabies               
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Radiatula             
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **       
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
           +--+                         
              +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	113	16	6	8

        +----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  +-----+                                  
  |     |  +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **       
  |     +--+                               
  |        |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
  |        +--+                            
--+           |  +-- Indonaia_subclathrata ** 
  |           +--+                         
  |              +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Indochinella          
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------- Radiatula             
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Scabiellus            
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Scabies               
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Unionetta             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Harmandia

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	135	7	3	9

        +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  +-----+                               
  |     |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
  |     +--+                            
  |        |  +-- Indonaia_rugosa **       
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
  |                                     
  |           +-- Indochinella          
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata      
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Radiatula             
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus    
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis       
           +--+                         
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	108	16	6	7

              +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana ** 
  +-----------+                                
  |           |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **  
  |           +--+                             
  |              |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **      
  |              +--+                          
--+                 +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **  
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Indochinella           
  |  |                                         
  |  |           +----- Radiatula_mouhoti      
  +--+  +--------+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae   
     |  |        +--+                          
     +--+           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii   
        |                                      
        |  +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata
        +--+                                   
           |  +-------- Scabiellus             
           +--+                                
              |  +----- Harmandia              
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Unionetta              
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	135	7	3	9

        +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  +-----+                               
  |     |  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana ** 
  |     +--+                            
  |        |  +-- Indonaia_rugosa **       
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **   
  |                                     
  |           +-- Indochinella          
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Scabies_crispata      
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Radiatula             
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Scabies_mandarinus    
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Scabies_humilis       
           +--+                         
              +-- Scabies_phaselus

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	79	7	3	9

        +----- Indochinella          
  +-----+                            
  |     |  +-- Radiatula             
  |     +--+                         
--+        +-- Scabies               
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Indonaia_rugosa **       
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **     
        +--+                         
           +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	25	14	6	8

                 +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **  
  +--------------+                           
  |              |  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
  |              +--+                        
--+                 +-- Indonaia_caerulea **    
  |                                          
  |  +----------------- Indochinella         
  +--+                                       
     |  +-------------- Radiatula            
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------- Scabiellus           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
           +--+                              
              |  +----- Harmandia            
              +--+                           
                 |  +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
                 +--+                        
                    +-- Scabies

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	20	15	6	8

              +----- Indonaia_rugosa **      
  +-----------+                           
  |           |  +-- Indonaia_caerulea **    
  |           +--+                        
--+              +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
  |                                       
  |  +-------------- Indochinella         
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Radiatula            
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Scabiellus           
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Harmandia            
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Unionetta            
              +--+                        
                 +-- Scabies

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	47	7	2	--

     +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
--+                           
  |  +-- Indochinella         
  +--+                        
     +-- Radiatula

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	4	2	--

  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+                           
  |  +-- Scabies              
  +--+                        
     +-- Radiatula

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	7	3	--

  +-------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
  |                              
--+  +----- Indochinella         
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti    
     |  |                        
     |  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae 
     +--+                        
        +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii 
        |                        
        +-- Scabies

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	82	13	6	--

  +----------------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+                                       
  |  +-------------- Indochinella         
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------- Radiatula            
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------- Scabiellus           
        +--+                              
           |  +----- Scabies              
           +--+                           
              |  +-- Unionetta            
              +--+                        
                 +-- Harmandia

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	2	2	--

  +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+                           
  |  +-- Indochinella         
  +--+                        
     +-- Radiatula

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	3	3	--

  +-------- Indonaia_caerulea **
--+                          
  |  +----- Indochinella     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Scabies          
     +--+                    
        +-- Harmandia

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	23	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	2	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_corbis **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	4	2	--

  +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+                                 
  |  +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae 
  +--+                              
     |  +----- Scabies              
     +--+                           
        |  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti    
        +--+                        
           +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	56	3	3	--

  +-------- Indonaia_caerulea **
--+                          
  |  +----- Indochinella     
  +--+                       
     |  +-- Scabies          
     +--+                    
        +-- Harmandia

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	7	3	--

  +-- Radiatula_mouhoti    
  |                        
  +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae 
  |                        
  +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii 
--+                        
  +-- Indochinella         
  |                        
  +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
  |                        
  +-- Scabies

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	40	0	0	--

-- Indonaia_andersoniana **

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