The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Parreysiinae | Indochinellini genus Indonaia Prashad, 1918: cladomics
12 Recent valid species (12 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 12 (12 total)
analyzed in 39 cladograms in 24 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
9 (mean = 3.67, median = 3) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 22
maximum number of included terminals = 9, (mean =
5.73 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.95
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 53 | 20 | 7 | 0 | +-------------- Indochinella
+-----------+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------------- Pseudoscabies
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 623 | 20 | 7 | 4 | +-------------- Indochinella
|
+--------+ +----------- Radiatula
| | |
| +--+ +-- Scabiellus
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__2
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-------------------- Pseudoscabies
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
+--+
| +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_rugosa **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 54 | 20 | 7 | 4 | +-------------- Indochinella
+--------+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-------------------- Pseudoscabies
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
+--+
| +-------------- Indonaia_corbis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_rugosa **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 53 | 19 | 6 | 1 | +-------------- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 7 | +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 7 | +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
|
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_rugosa **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 53 | 19 | 6 | 7 | +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
| +--+
--+ | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +-- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| +--------+
| | +-- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+-----+ +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| +--+
| | | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 18 | 6 | 1 | +-------------- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +----------- Radiatula
| +--+
| | +-------- Scabiellus
| +--+
| | +----- Harmandia
--+ +--+
| | +-- Unionetta
| +--+
| +-- Scabies
|
| +----------------- Indonaia_cylindrica **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Indonaia_gratiosa **
| |
+--+ +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| |
+--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +-----+
| | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 194 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| |
+--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 196 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
| |
+--+----- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 46 | 7 | 3 | 8 | +----- Indochinella
+--------+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 120 | 7 | 3 | 10 | +----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
--+ +-- Radiatula
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
+--+ +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
| |
| | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 8 | +-- Indochinella
+-----------+
| +-- Radiatula
--+
| +----------- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 112 | 16 | 6 | 8 | +----------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
--+ | +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
| +--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +----------- Radiatula
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Scabies
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Harmandia
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 196 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +----- Indochinella
+--+
| | +-- Scabies
| +--+
| +-- Radiatula
--+
| +----- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
| |
| | +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--+--+
| +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
|
| +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_caerulea **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 135 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
|
| +-- Indochinella
| +--------+
| | +-- Scabies_crispata
+--+
| +-------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----- Scabies_mandarinus
+--+
| +-- Scabies_humilis
+--+
+-- Scabies_phaselus
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 78 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +----- Indochinella
+-----+
| | +-- Radiatula
| +--+
--+ +-- Scabies
|
| +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+--+
| +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
+--+
+-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 135 | 7 | 3 | 9 | +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_rugosa **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
|
| +-- Indochinella
| +--------+
| | +-- Scabies_crispata
+--+
| +-------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----- Scabies_mandarinus
+--+
| +-- Scabies_humilis
+--+
+-- Scabies_phaselus
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 107 | 16 | 6 | 7 | +-------- Indonaia_shurtleffiana **
+-----------+
| | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
| | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
|
| +----------------- Indochinella
| |
| | +----- Radiatula_mouhoti
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
|
| +----------- Radiatula_crispisulcata
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Scabies
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 8 | +----- Indonaia_rugosa **
+-----------+
| | +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
|
| +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +----------- Radiatula
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Scabies
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 6 | 8 | +----- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
+--------------+
| | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
| +--+
--+ +-- Indonaia_caerulea **
|
| +----------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +-------------- Radiatula
+--+
| +----------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +-------- Unionetta_fabagina__2
+--+
| +----- Harmandia
+--+
| +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
+--+
+-- Scabies
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 47 | 7 | 2 | -- | +-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
+--+
| +-- Indonaia_subclathrata **
--+
| +-- Indochinella
+--+
+-- Radiatula
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 7 | 3 | -- | +-------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
|
--+ +----- Indochinella
| |
+--+ +-- Radiatula_mouhoti
| |
| +-- Radiatula_myitkyinae
+--+
+-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
|
+-- Scabies
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Indonaia_caerulea **
--+
| +----- Indochinella
+--+
| +-- Scabies
+--+
+-- Harmandia
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+
| +-- Indochinella
+--+
+-- Radiatula
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 7 | 3 | -- | +-- Radiatula_mouhoti
|
+-- Radiatula_myitkyinae
|
+-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
--+
+-- Indochinella
|
+-- Indonaia_andersoniana **
|
+-- Scabies
Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4833], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 13 | 5 | -- | +-- Indochinella
--+
+-- Indonaia_bonneaudii **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Indonaia_caerulea **
--+
| +----- Indochinella
+--+
| +-- Scabies
+--+
+-- Harmandia
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+
| +-------- Radiatula_myitkyinae
+--+
| +----- Scabies
+--+
| +-- Radiatula_mouhoti
+--+
+-- Radiatula_chaudhurii
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+
| +-- Scabies
+--+
+-- Radiatula
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 81 | 13 | 6 | -- | +----------------- Indonaia_andersoniana **
--+
| +-------------- Indochinella
+--+
| +----------- Radiatula
+--+
| +-------- Scabiellus
+--+
| +----- Scabies
+--+
| +-- Unionetta
+--+
+-- Harmandia
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Indonaia_andersoniana **
|
