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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

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genus Leguminaia Conrad, 1865: cladomics
3 Recent valid species (3 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 3 (3 total)
analyzed in 36 cladograms in 27 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 4 (mean = 1.31, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean = 2.57 median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.86

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	2	7	2	2	2	0

           +-- Gonidea                
  +--------+                          
  |        +-- Microcondylaea         
  |                                   
--+  +-------- Leguminaia_anatolica **   
  |  |                                
  |  |  +----- Leguminaia_wheatleyi__2 **
  +--+  |                             
     |  +----- Leguminaia_wheatleyi__3 **
     |  |                             
     +--+----- Leguminaia_wheatleyi__4 **
        |                             
        +----- Leguminaia_wheatleyi__5 **
        |                             
        |  +-- Leguminaia_saulcyi **     
        +--+                          
           +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi__1 **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	4	628	17	12	5

  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
  |                                           
  |           +-------- Inversidens           
--+  +--------+                               
  |  |        |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita
  |  |        +--+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea 
  +--+           +--+                         
     |              +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Gonidea               
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------- Microcondylaea        
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------- Leguminaia_anatolica **  
           +--+                               
              |  +----- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Leguminaia_saulcyi **    
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Leguminaia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	22	0	0	4

  +----- Leguminaia_anatolica **
--+                          
  |  +-- Leguminaia_saulcyi **  
  +--+                       
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	5	3	--

  +----------- Sinosolenaia        
--+                                
  |  +-------- Gonidea             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Microcondylaea      
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
        +--+                       
           +-- Leguminaia **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	10	8	6	--

  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata
  |                                    
  |     +-------- Inversidens          
--+  +--+                              
  |  |  |  +----- Gonidea              
  |  |  +--+                           
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia_anatolica ** 
  +--+     +--+                        
     |        +-- Leguminaia_saulcyi **   
     |                                 
     |  +-------- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
     +--+                              
        |  +----- Postolata            
        +--+                           
           |  +-- Obovalis             
           +--+                        
              +-- Ptychorhynchus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	13	0	2	123	5	3	15

  +-- Chamberlainia         
  |                         
  +-- Sinohyriopsis         
  |                         
  +-- Lamprotula_caveata    
  |                         
  +-- Lamprotula_leaii      
  |                         
  +-- Potomida              
  |                         
  +-- Pronodularia          
  |                         
--+-- Gonidea               
  |                         
  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
  |                         
  +-- Leguminaia **            
  |                         
  +-- Microcondylaea        
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
  |                         
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	137	5	3	--

  +----------- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
  |                                  
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora 
--+--------+                         
  |        +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita
  |                                  
  |  +-------- Gonidea               
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Microcondylaea        
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
        +--+                         
           +-- Leguminaia **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	58	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Gonidea             
  +--+                       
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	121	11	8	--

     +-------- Sinosolenaia        
  +--+                             
  |  |  +----- Gonidea             
  |  +--+                          
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
--+     +--+                       
  |        +-- Microcondylaea      
  |                                
  |  +-------- Inversidens         
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Obovalis            
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus      
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia       
        +--+                       
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	14	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  +--+                       
     +-- Gonidea

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	81	2	2	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	13	9	--

  +-------------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                   
  |        +----- Gonidea             
--+  +-----+                          
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |     +--+                       
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea      
  +--+                                
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia       
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia       
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Postolata           
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus      
           +--+                       
              +-- Obovalis

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	25	1	1	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	48	2	2	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	55	5	5	--

  +----------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                
--+        +-- Ptychorhynchus      
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia       
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Gonidea             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Microcondylaea      
        +--+                       
           +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	198	8	6	--

  +----------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                
  |     +----- Gonidea             
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |  +--+                       
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea      
     |                             
     |  +----- Ptychorhynchus      
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia       
        +--+                       
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	33	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  +--+                       
     +-- Gonidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	200	9	6	--

  +----------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                
  |     +----- Gonidea             
--+  +--+                          
  |  |  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |  +--+                       
  +--+     +-- Microcondylaea      
     |                             
     |     +-- Ptychorhynchus      
     |     |                       
     +-----+-- Parvasolenaia       
           |                       
           +-- Koreosolenaia

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	80	5	4	--

  +-------- Sinosolenaia        
--+                             
  |  +----- Gonidea             
  +--+                          
     |  +-- Microcondylaea      
     +--+                       
        +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	6	1	1	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	46	15	11	--

  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                         
  |              +----- Gonidea             
--+  +-----------+                          
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |           +--+                       
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea      
     |                                      
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata     
     |  |                                   
     +--+           +-- Koreosolenaia       
        |  +--------+                       
        |  |        +-- Parvasolenaia       
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Postolata           
           |  |                             
           +--+     +-- Guiunio             
              |  +--+                       
              |  |  +-- Cosmopseudodon      
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Obovalis            
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Ptychorhynchus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	45	14	10	--

  +-------------------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                         
  |              +----- Gonidea             
--+  +-----------+                          
  |  |           |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |           +--+                       
  +--+              +-- Microcondylaea      
     |                                      
     |  +-------------- Pseudopostolata     
     |  |                                   
     +--+           +-- Parvasolenaia       
        |  +--------+                       
        |  |        +-- Koreosolenaia       
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Postolata           
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus      
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Cosmopseudodon      
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Obovalis

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	116	8	5	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	34	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Gonidea             
  +--+                       
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	7	6	--

        +----- Sinosolenaia        
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Ptychorhynchus      
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Parvasolenaia       
  |                                
  |  +-------- Inversidens         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Gonidea             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Microcondylaea      
        +--+                       
           +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	90	7	6	--

        +----- Gonidea             
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Microcondylaea      
  |                                
  |  +-------- Inversidens         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Sinosolenaia        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Parvasolenaia       
        +--+                       
           +-- Ptychorhynchus

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	49	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Gonidea             
  +--+                       
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	200	9	6	--

  +-------- Sinosolenaia_carinata 
  |                               
  |  +----- Gonidea               
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **  
  |  +--+                         
  |     +-- Microcondylaea        
--+                               
  |  +----- Ptychorhynchus        
  +--+                            
  |  |  +-- Parvasolenaia         
  |  +--+                         
  |     +-- Koreosolenaia         
  |                               
  |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea 
     +--+                         
        +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	47	16	12	--

  +----------------------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                            
  |                 +----- Gonidea             
--+  +--------------+                          
  |  |              |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |              +--+                       
  +--+                 +-- Microcondylaea      
     |                                         
     |  +----------------- Pseudopostolata     
     |  |                                      
     +--+              +-- Koreosolenaia       
        |  +-----------+                       
        |  |           +-- Parvasolenaia       
        +--+                                   
           |  +----------- Postolata           
           |  |                                
           +--+        +-- Guiunio             
              |  +-----+                       
              |  |     +-- Cosmopseudodon      
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Obovalis            
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Tenuiunio           
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Ptychorhynchus

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	81	1	1	--

  +-- Gonidea             
--+                       
  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	75	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  +--+                       
     +-- Gonidea

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	35	2	2	--

-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	110	8	5	--

  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea    
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata    
  |                            
  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **     
  |                            
  +-- Microcondylaea           
--+                            
  +-- Gonidea                  
  |                            
  +-- Ptychorhynchus           
  |                            
  +-- Parvasolenaia            
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2
  |                            
  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	23	7	6	--

           +-- Ptychorhynchus      
  +--------+                       
  |        +-- Parvasolenaia       
--+                                
  |  +-------- Inversidens         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Gonidea             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Microcondylaea      
        +--+                       
           +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	44	13	9	--

  +-------------- Sinosolenaia        
  |                                   
  |        +----- Gonidea             
--+  +-----+                          
  |  |     |  +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
  |  |     +--+                       
  |  |        +-- Microcondylaea      
  +--+                                
     |        +-- Koreosolenaia       
     |  +-----+                       
     |  |     +-- Parvasolenaia       
     +--+                             
        |  +----- Postolata           
        +--+                          
           |  +-- Ptychorhynchus      
           +--+                       
              +-- Obovalis

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	75	2	2	--

  +----- Sinosolenaia        
--+                          
  |  +-- Gonidea             
  +--+                       
     +-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **

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