Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Publication Watters (2018): taxonomic opinions
     publication summary

Complete Citation

Watters, G.T. 2018. A preliminary review of the nominal genus Villosa of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) in North America. Visaya, Supplement (10). 140 pp. Available electronically.

Taxonomic Opinions

Cambarunio dactylus anatinensis n. ssp. = Cambarunio dactylus

Cambarunio dactylus dactylus (Lea, 1840) = Cambarunio dactylus
+ Unio muhlfeldianus Lea, 1838

Cambarunio dactylus viridensis n. ssp. = Cambarunio dactylus

Cambarunio hesperus n. sp.

Cambarunio iris (Lea, 1829)
+ Unio creperus Lea, 1838
+ Unio glaber Lea, 1838
+ Unio novieboraci Lea, 1838
+ Unio amoenus Lea, 1840
+ Unio tener Lea, 1840
+ Unio fatuus Lea, 1840
+ Unio regularis Lea, 1841
+ Unio scitulus Lea, 1860
+ Unio perpictus Lea, 1860
+ Unio opalinus J.G. Anthony, 1866
+ Unio puniceus Haldeman, 1842
+ Lampsilis (Ligumia) nervosa Frierson, 1927

Cambarunio jonesii (Lea, 1859)
+ Unio sparus Lea, 1868

Cambarunio nebulosus (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio planicostatus Lea, 1860
+ Unio radians Lea, 1857
+ Unio discrepans Lea, 1860
+ Unio plancus Lea, 1860
+ Unio difficilis Lea, 1868

Cambarunio simus (Lea, 1836)
+ Unio cumberlandicus Lea, 1838
+ Unio notatus Lea, 1838

Cambarunio taeniatus pictus (Lea, 1834) = Cambarunio taeniatus
+ Unio interruptus Lea, 1838
+ Unio pulcher Lea, 1838
+ Unio menkianus Lea, 1838
+ Unio latiradiatus Conrad, 1838
+ Unio tennesseensis Lea, 1840

Cambarunio taeniatus punctatus (Lea, 1865) = Cambarunio taeniatus

Cambarunio taeniatus taeniatus (Conrad, 1834) = Cambarunio taeniatus
+ Unio camelopardilis Lea, 1860
+ Unio fucatus Lea, 1860
+ Unio lindsleyi Lea, 1860

Leaunio lienosus aquilonius n. ssp. = Leaunio lienosus

Leaunio lienosus caliginosus (Lea, 1845) = Leaunio lienosus
+ Unio nigerrimus Lea, 1852
+ Unio fontanus Conrad, 1866

Leaunio lienosus lienosus (Conrad, 1834) = Leaunio lienosus
+ Unio saxeus Conrad, 1838
+ Unio gouldii Lea, 1845
+ Unio proximus Lea, 1852
+ Unio fuligo Reeve, 1865
+ Unio subellipsis Lea, 1856
+ Unio concestator Lea, 1857
+ Unio apicinus Lea, 1857
+ Unio fallax Lea, 1857
+ Unio intercedens Lea, 1857
+ Unio obfuscus Lea, 1857
+ Unio prattii Lea, 1858
+ Unio dispar Lea, 1860
+ Unio linguaeformis Lea, 1860
+ Unio contiguus Lea, 1861
+ Unio bicaelatus Reeve, 1865

Leaunio lienosus ouachitaensis n. ssp. = Leaunio lienosus

Leaunio lienosus unicostatus (Wright, 1899) = Leaunio lienosus

Leaunio ortmanni (Walker, 1925)

Leaunio pataecus n. sp.

Leaunio umbrans (Lea, 1857)
+ Unio umbrosus Lea, 1857
+ Unio tenebricus Lea, 1857
+ Unio fabaceus Lea, 1861
+ Unio porphyreus Lea, 1861
+ Unio proprius Lea, 1865

Leaunio vanuxemensis (Lea, 1838) = Cambarunio iris
+ Unio zeiglerianus Lea, 1838
+ Unio obscurus Lea, 1838
+ Unio nitens Lea, 1840
+ Unio pybasii Lea, 1858
+ Margaron (Unio) vanuxemii Lea, 1870
+ Unio copei Lea, 1868
+ Unio dispansus Lea, 1871

Leaunio vanuxemensis (Lea, 1838)

Obovaria arkansasensis (Lea, 1862)

Obovaria choctawensis (Athearn, 1964)

Obovaria haddletoni (Athearn, 1964)

Obovaria jacksoniana (Frierson, 1912) = Obovaria arkansasensis

Obovaria olivaria (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obovaria retusa (Lamarck, 1819)

Obovaria subrotunda (Rafinesque, 1820)

Obovaria unicolor (Lea, 1845)

Paetulunio fabalis (Lea, 1831)
+ Unio capillus Say, 1831
+ Unio lapillus Say, 1831
+ Unio donacopsis de Gregorio, 1914

Sagittunio aldermani n. sp.

Sagittunio nasutus (Say, 1817)
+ Obliquaria (Ellipsaria) attenuata Rafinesque, 1820
+ Unio rostrata Valenciennes, 1827
+ Unio vaughanianus Sowerby, 1868

Sagittunio subrostratus (Say, 1831)
+ Lampsilis nashvillensis Agassiz, 1852
+ Unio nashvillianus Lea, 1834
+ Unio mississippiensis Conrad, 1850
+ Unio rutersvillensis Lea, 1859
+ Unio cocoduensis Reeve, 1865
+ Unio topekaensis Lea, 1868
+ Lampsilis (Eurynia) subrostrata var. furva Simpson, 1914

Sagittunio vaughanianus (Lea, 1834)

Venustaconcha constricta (Conrad, 1838)
+ Unio genthii Lea, 1857

Venustaconcha ellipsiformis ellipsiformis (Conrad, 1836) = Venustaconcha ellipsiformis
+ Unio venustus Lea, 1838

Venustaconcha ellipsiformis pleasii (Marsh, 1891) = Venustaconcha pleasii

Venustaconcha trabalis (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio perpurpureus Lea, 1861

Venustaconcha troostensis (Lea, 1834)
+ Unio troostii Lea, 1870

Villosa amygdala (Lea, 1843) = Villosa amygdalum
+ Unio trosculus Lea, 1843
+ Unio papyraceus Gould, 1845
+ Unio lepidus Gould, 1856
+ Unio vesicularis Lea, 1872
+ Unio singleyanus Marsh, 1891

Villosa delumbis (Conrad, 1834)
+ Margarita (Unio) tenerus Lea, 1836
+ Unio ogeecheensis Conrad, 1849
+ Unio concavus Lea, 1852
+ Unio genuinus Lea, 1868
+ Unio tenerus Simpson, 1892

Villosa vibex (Conrad, 1834)
+ Unio modioliformis Lea, 1834
+ Unio exiguus Lea, 1840
+ Unio pellucidus Lea, 1845
+ Unio stagnalis Conrad, 1849
+ Unio prevostianus Lea, 1852
+ Unio nigrinus Lea, 1852
+ Unio gracilior Lea, 1856
+ Unio rutilans Lea, 1856
+ Unio sudus Lea, 1857
+ Unio averellii B.H. Wright, 1888
+ Unio averillii Simpson, 1900

Villosa villosa (Wright, 1898)