The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | ... | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Pleurobema sintoxia nominal species Obliquaria (Sintoxia) sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820  Rafinesque, 1819. Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 88: 427 [as ‘U. (Obovaria) syntoxis’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 310 [also as ‘U. sintoxia’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 29, 54.
(correct name for Unio (Obovaria) syntoxis Rafinesque, 1819)
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20208, Ohio River.
= Pleurobema sintoxia Taxonomic Opinions= Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Freeman et al., 2025 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Johnson et al., 2024 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Hopper et al., 2023 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Graf & Cummings, 2021 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — FMCS, 2021 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Inoue et al., 2020 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Bolotov et al., 2020 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Klymus et al., 2020 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Willsie et al., 2020 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Gasparini et al., 2020 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Huang et al., 2019 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Huang et al., 2019 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Bolotov et al., 2018 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Wu et al., 2018 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Inoue et al., 2018 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Pieri et al., 2018 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Bolotov et al., 2017 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Bolotov et al., 2017 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Williams et al., 2017 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Perkins et al., 2017 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Pfeiffer et al., 2016 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Zieritz et al., 2015 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Zieritz et al., 2013 = Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 = Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — ITIS, 2012 = Pleurobema (Sintoxia) sintoxia (Rafinesque) — Burlakova et al., 2012 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Haag, 2012 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — IUCN, 2012 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — McMurray et al., 2012 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Boyer et al., 2011 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Whelan et al., 2011 = Pleurobema sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820 — Bogan, 2010 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Cummings & Graf, 2010 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Watters et al., 2009 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Williams et al., 2008 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Chapman et al., 2008 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Campbell et al., 2008 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Chapman et al., 2008 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Graf & Cummings, 2007 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Burdick & White, 2007 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Tiemann et al., 2007 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Campbell et al., 2005 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Cicerello & Schuster, 2003 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Sietman, 2003 = Pleurobema sintoxia — Kandl et al., 2001 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque) — Lydeard et al., 1999 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Parmalee & Bogan, 1998 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Turgeon et al., 1998 + Pleurobema cordatum (Conrad) [sic] — Strayer & Jirka, 1997 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Cummings & Mayer, 1997 = Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) — Oesch, 1984 + Pleurobema cordatum (Rafinesque, 1820) — R.I. Johnson, 1980 = Obliquaria sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820 — Burch, 1975 = Pleurobema sintoxia Rafinesque, 1820 — Morrison, 1969 + Quadrula (Fusconia [sic]) subrotunda (Lea, 1831) — Frierson, 1927 + Fusconaia subrotunda (Lea, 1831) — Ortmann & Walker, 1922 = Quadrula sintoxia Raf. — Vanatta, 1915 + — Simpson, 1914 + — Simpson, 1900 + — Lea, 1870 = Unio sintoxia Raf. — Conrad, 1853 + — Lea, 1852 + — Lea, 1836 = Unio sintoxia Raf. — Ferussac, 1835 = Obliquaria (Sintoxia) sintoxia — Rafinesque, 1820
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