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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!


Bivalvia | ... | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini | Potamilus

species Potamilus fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820): synonymy
     7 specimens + 21 Genbank vouchers

Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1818. Amer. Mon. Mag. 3: 355 [‘Potamilus fragilis’]. [nomen nudum]
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 295 [also as ‘Elliptio fragilis’].
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 22, 41.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE ANSP_20209, creeks, Kentucky.

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis fragilisVanatta (1915)
Lasmonos fragilisUtterback (1916)
Paraptera fragilisOrtmann (1918)
Leptodea fragilisOrtmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Thiele (1934), ... Inoue et al. (2020), Klymus et al. (2020), Gasparini et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Hauck et al. (2023)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilisFrierson (1927)
Potamilus fragilisSmith et al. (2020), Johnson & Smith (2020), Smith & Johnson (2020), FMCS (2021), Keogh et al. (2021), Hopper et al. (2023)

Unio (Leptodea) fragilis var. fuscata Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 295.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 41.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820; homonym of Unio (Elliptio) viridis var. fuscata Rafinesque, 1820)

Unio fragilis Swainson, 1823
‘Rafinesque’ of Authors.
Swainson, 1823. Zool. Illustr. 3(1): pl. 171.
Deshayes, 1832. Enc. Méth. 2 (Deuxième partie): 587.
Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(6): 55, pl. 30.
(reference to Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820)

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilisFrierson (1927)
Proptera gracilisHaas (1969)

Unio gracilis Barnes, 1823
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 274 [‘174’].

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilisSimpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) gracilisCall (1900)
Proptera gracilisOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Haas (1969)
Paraptera gracilisOrtmann (1912)
de Gregorio (1914)
Lampsilis fragilisVanatta (1915)
Lasmonos fragilisUtterback (1916)
Paraptera fragilisOrtmann (1918)
Leptodea fragilisOrtmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), F.C. Baker (1928), Murray & Leonard (1962), Burch (1975), Oesch (1984), Vidrine (1993), Howells et al. (1996), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilisFrierson (1927)

Unio planus Barnes, 1823
Barnes, 1823. Amer. J. Sci. 6 (1-2): 272, pl. 13, fig. 16.
(homonym of Unio planus Studer, 1820)

Lampsilis (Leptodea) leptodonFrierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) velumFrierson (1927)
Proptera laevissimaFrierson (1927)
Leptodea fragilisF.C. Baker (1928), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)
Proptera gracilisHaas (1969)

Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, 1823
Swainson, 1823. Zool. Illustr. 3(1): pl. 171.

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilisFrierson (1927)
Leptodea fragilisParmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Mya plana Eaton, 1826
‘Barnes’ Eaton, 1826. Zool. Text-Book: 221.
(reference to Unio planus Barnes, 1823)

Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Leptodea fragilisParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lasmonos fragilis Rafinesque, 1831
Rafinesque, 1831. Continuation: 5.
Rafinesque, 1864. [in] Binney & Tryon, reprint: 81.
(homonym of Unio (Leptodea) fragilis Rafinesque, 1820)

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
Lasmonos fragilisUtterback (1916)
Leptodea leptodonOrtmann & Walker (1922), Haas (1969), Oesch (1984)
Leptodea fragilisDavis & Fuller (1981), Howells et al. (1996), Lydeard et al. (1996), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Unio leptodea var. planus Jay, 1850
‘Barnes’ Jay, 1850. Cat. Rec. Shells: 61.
(reference to Unio planus Barnes, 1823)

Leptodea fragilisParmalee & Bogan (1998), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis simpsoni Ferriss, 1900
Ferriss, 1900. Nautilus 14: 38, text fig.

Lampsilis (Proptera) simpsoniSimpson (1914)
Lasmonos simpsoniUtterback (1916)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis-simpsoniFrierson (1927)
Proptera gracilisHaas (1969)
Leptodea fragilisR.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Lampsilis gracilis lacustris F.C. Baker, 1922
F.C. Baker, 1922. Nautilus 35(4): 131.
F.C. Baker, 1928. Bull. Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey 70(2): 237, pl. 80, figs. 5-7; pl. 81, figs. 1-2.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio gracilis Barnes, 1823)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (ORIG. DESIG.) UMMZ_209186, L. Butte de Morts, Wisc.

Leptodea fragilis lacustrisF.C. Baker (1928)
Leptodea fragilisR.I. Johnson (1980), Strayer & Jirka (1997), Parmalee & Bogan (1998), Williams et al. (2008), Watters et al. (2009)

Medionidus mcglameriae van der Schalie, 1939
van der Schalie, 1939. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. (407): 1, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE UMMZ_130460, Tombigbee River, Epes, Sumpter Co., Alabama.

Medionidus mcglameriaeHaas (1969), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1977), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), IUCN (2000), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012)
Medionidus macglameriae [sic]Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993)
Leptodea fragilisWilliams et al. (2008), Bogan (2010), Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Medionidus macglameriae Turgeon et al., 1988
‘van der Schalie’ of Authors.
Turgeon et al., 1988. Am. Fisher. Soc. Spec. Publ. (16): 31.
Williams et al., 1993. Fisheries 18(9): 13.
(error for Medionidus mcglameriae van der Schalie, 1939)

Medionidus mcglameriaeTurgeon et al. (1998)

Margarita (Unio) atratus Lea, 1836
‘Swain.’ Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 31.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 33.
(reference to Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, 1823)

Proptera gracilisHaas (1969)

Unio plantus Williams et al., 2008
‘Barnes’ Williams et al., 2008. Freshw. Mussels AL and Mobile Basin: 419.
(error for Unio planus Barnes, 1823)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914), de Gregorio (1914), Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
Lampsilis (Proptera) gracilisSimpson (1900), Ortmann (1909), Simpson (1914)
Unio (s.s.) gracilisCall (1900)
Proptera gracilisOrtmann (1909), Ortmann (1910), Haas (1969)
Paraptera gracilisOrtmann (1912)
Lampsilis (Proptera) simpsoniSimpson (1914)
Lampsilis fragilisVanatta (1915)
Lasmonos fragilisUtterback (1916)
Lasmonos simpsoniUtterback (1916)
Paraptera fragilisOrtmann (1918)
Leptodea fragilisOrtmann & Walker (1922), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), F.C. Baker (1928), Thiele (1934), ... Inoue et al. (2020), Klymus et al. (2020), Gasparini et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Hauck et al. (2023)
Leptodea leptodonOrtmann & Walker (1922), Haas (1969), Oesch (1984)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilisFrierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) leptodonFrierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) velumFrierson (1927)
Proptera laevissimaFrierson (1927)
Lampsilis (Leptodea) fragilis-simpsoniFrierson (1927)
Leptodea fragilis lacustrisF.C. Baker (1928)
Medionidus mcglameriaeHaas (1969), Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1977), Bogan (1993), Turgeon et al. (1998), Lydeard et al. (1999), IUCN (2000), Graf & Cummings (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012)
Medionidus macglameriae [sic]Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993)
Potamilus fragilisSmith et al. (2020), Johnson & Smith (2020), Smith & Johnson (2020), FMCS (2021), Keogh et al. (2021), Hopper et al. (2023)

 
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