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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Parreysiinae | Indochinellini | Indochinella

species Indochinella pugio (Benson, 1862): synonymy
     44 specimens + 31 Genbank vouchers

Unio pugio Benson, 1862
Benson, 1862. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10: 193.

Nodularia (s.s.) pugioSimpson (1900), Preston (1912), Simpson (1914), Preston (1915)
Oxynaia pugioHaas (1913), Prashad (1922), Haas (1924), Haas (1969), Subba Rao (1989), ... Lopes-Lima et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2017), Konopleva et al. (2017), Zieritz et al. (2018), Huang et al. (2019)
Oxynaia cf. pugioBolotov et al. (2017)
Oxynaia aff. pugio sp. 1Bolotov et al. (2017)
Indochinella pugioBolotov et al. (2018), Pfeiffer et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Jeratthitikul et al. (2019), Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella pugio pugioBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Konopleva et al. (2023), Konopleva et al. (2023), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Indochinella pugio daweiensis Bolotov et al., 2019
Bolotov et al., 2017. Sci. Repts. 7: 10 [as ‘Oxynaia sp. “Tavoy”’].
Bolotov et al., 2019. Sci. Repts. 9: 7, fig. 5B.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio pugio Benson, 1862)

Oxynaia sp. ‘Tavoy’Bolotov et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2019)
Indochinella pugio daweiensisBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella sp. ‘Tavoy’Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2020)

Indochinella pugio paradoxa Bolotov et al., 2019
Bolotov et al., 2019. Sci. Repts. 9: 7, fig. 5C.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio pugio Benson, 1862)

Indochinella pugio paradoxaBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Indochinella pugio viridissima Bolotov et al., 2019
Bolotov et al., 2017. Sci. Repts. 7: 10 [as ‘Oxynaia sp. “Taungoo”’].
Bolotov et al., 2019. Sci. Repts. 9: 7, fig. 5A.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio pugio Benson, 1862)

Oxynaia sp. ‘Taungoo’Bolotov et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2019)
Indochinella pugio viridissimaBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio crispatus Tapparone Canefri, 1889
‘Gould’ Tapparone Canefri, 1889. Ann. Mus. Storia Nat. Genova 27: 343.
(misidentified reference to Unio crispata Gould, 1843)

Indochinella pugio paradoxaBolotov et al. (2022)

Scabies crispata Bolotov et al., 2017
‘Gould’ Bolotov et al., 2017. Sci. Repts. 7: Table S1.
(misidentified reference to Unio crispata Gould, 1843)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Nodularia (s.s.) pugioSimpson (1900), Preston (1912), Simpson (1914), Preston (1915)
Oxynaia pugioHaas (1913), Prashad (1922), Haas (1924), Haas (1969), Subba Rao (1989), ... Lopes-Lima et al. (2017), Bolotov et al. (2017), Konopleva et al. (2017), Zieritz et al. (2018), Huang et al. (2019)
Oxynaia cf. pugioBolotov et al. (2017)
Oxynaia aff. pugio sp. 1Bolotov et al. (2017)
Oxynaia sp. ‘Tavoy’Bolotov et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2019)
Oxynaia sp. ‘Taungoo’Bolotov et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2019)
Indochinella pugioBolotov et al. (2018), Pfeiffer et al. (2018), Konopleva et al. (2019), Jeratthitikul et al. (2019), Pfeiffer et al. (2019), Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2020), Graf & Cummings (2021), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella pugio pugioBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Konopleva et al. (2023), Konopleva et al. (2023), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella pugio daweiensisBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella pugio paradoxaBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella pugio viridissimaBolotov et al. (2019), Bolotov et al. (2020), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2022), Bolotov et al. (2024), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Indochinella sp. ‘Tavoy’Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2020)

 
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