The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae | Anodontini | Cristariina genus Beringiana Starobogatov in Zatravkin, 1983: cladomics
4 Recent valid species (4 total species) Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 4 (4 total)
analyzed in 50 cladograms in 35 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
4 (mean = 2, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 20
maximum number of included terminals = 4, (mean =
3.5 median = 4)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.95
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | +-------------- Cristaria
|
| +----------- Sinanodonta_tumens
| |
| | +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__5
| | |
--+ | +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__6
| | |
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica__15 **
| | |
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica__16 **
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Beringiana_japonica__17 **
+--+ | |
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica__18 **
| | |
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica__19 **
| | |
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica__20 **
| |
| | +----- Beringiana_japonica__1 **
| | |
| | +----- Beringiana_japonica__2 **
| | |
+--+ +----- Beringiana_japonica__3 **
| |
| +----- Beringiana_japonica__4 **
| |
| +----- Beringiana_japonica__5 **
| |
| +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__1
| |
| +----- Beringiana_japonica__6 **
| |
| +----- Sinanodonta_lauta__2
| |
| +----- Sinanodonta_calipygos__1
| |
+--+----- Beringiana_japonica__7 **
|
+----- Sinanodonta_lauta__4
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__8 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__9 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__10 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__11 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__12 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__13 **
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica__14 **
|
| +-- Sinanodonta_lauta__3
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta_calipygos__2
Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 29 | 8 | 28 | +----------------- Cristaria
|
| +-------- Beringiana_beringiana **
| +-----+
--+ | | +----- Beringiana_japonica **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
|
| +----- Mimo
| +-----+
| | | +-- Acudonta
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +-------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 28 | +-------------------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
--+
| +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 28 | +----- Amuranodonta
+--------------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----------------- Cristaria
+--+
| +-------------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 28 | +-------------- Pletholophus
|
| +-------- Cristaria
| +--+
--+ | | +----- Anemina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Amuranodonta
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-- Mimo
| +-----+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
| +--+
| | +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 30 | 26 | 6 | 28 | +----- Amuranodonta
+--------------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----------------- Cristaria
+--+
| +-------------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 28 | +----- Pletholophus
+--------+
| | +-- Cristaria
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 28 | +----------- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_japonica **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 118 | 20 | 6 | 28 | +----------------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Anemina
+-----------+
--+ | +-- Amuranodonta
| +--+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 6 | 28 | +----- Amuranodonta
+-----------+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +----------- Pletholophus
| |
+--+ +-------- Sinanodonta
| |
+--+ +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
| +--+
| | +-- Beringiana_gosannensis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_japonica **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 29 | 7 | 28 | +----------------- Cristaria
|
| +-- Acudonta
| +--------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-------- Beringiana_gosannensis **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
|
| +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis
| +-----+
| | | +-- Pletholophus_tenuis
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pletholophus_reinianus
|
| +-------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis
+--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
+-- Buldowskia
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 14 | 4 | 28 | +----- Pletholophus
+--------+
| | +-- Cristaria
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +-------- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_gosannensis **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 65 | 8 | 5 | 28 | +----------- Pletholophus
--+
| +-------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 6 | 4 | 28 | +-- Cristaria
+--------+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
--+ +-- Pletholophus
| +-----+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 31 | 7 | 5 | 24 | +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
|
+----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__1
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__2
|
+----- Sinanodonta_lauta
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica **
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
|
+----- Beringiana_beringiana **
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
|
+----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1
|
+----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2
|
+----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1
--+
+----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2
|
+----- Pletholophus
|
+----- Anemina
|
+----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__3
|
+----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
|
+----- Sinanodonta_angula
|
+----- Lepidodesma
|
| +-- Aculamprotula
+--+
| +-- Acuticosta
|
| +-- Cuneopsis
+--+
| +-- Nodularia
|
| +-- Schistodesmus
+--+
+-- Inversiunio
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 18 | 5 | 4 | 28 | +-- Cristaria
+-----------+
| +-- Buldowskia
--+
| +----------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-------- Sinanodonta
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 65 | 8 | 5 | 28 | +----------- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 65 | 8 | 5 | 28 | +----------- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-------- Pletholophus
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 1 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Beringiana_japonica **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 11 | 1 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Beringiana_japonica **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 8 | 5 | -- | +----- Amuranodonta
+--+
| | +-- Anemina
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 6 | 4 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
--+
| +-------- Anemina
+--+
| +----- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
| +-- Mimo
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 103 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Beringiana_beringiana **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 64 | 14 | 7 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
| +----- Amuranodonta
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Anemina
| | +--+
| | +-- Buldowskia
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
| +--+
| | +-- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Acudonta
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----------- Cristaria
|
--+ +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 12 | 5 | -- | +----- Anemina
+--+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
| +--+
--+ +-- Buldowskia
|
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | -- | +----- Cristaria
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Buldowskia
--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Beringiana_beringiana **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 3 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Cristaria
--+
| +----- Anemina
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_fukuharai **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Pletholophus
+--+
+-- Beringiana_japonica **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 5 | 5 | -- | +----- Pletholophus
--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 3 | -- | +-------- Anemina
--+
| +----- Cristaria
+--+
| +-- Beringiana_beringiana **
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 5 | -- | +-- Anemina
+-----+
| +-- Amuranodonta
--+
| +----- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana_beringiana **
|
