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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

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genus Buldowskia Moskvicheva, 1973: cladomics
5 Recent valid species (5 total species)

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 5 (5 total)
analyzed in 24 cladograms in 14 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 6 (mean = 2.71, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 13
maximum number of included terminals = 6, (mean = 4.15 median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	6	29	27	7	0

  +-------------------------------- Cristaria                  
  |                                                            
  |                          +----- Beringiana                 
--+  +-----------------------+                                 
  |  |                       |  +-- Acudonta                   
  |  |                       +--+                              
  |  |                          +-- Sinanodonta                
  +--+                                                         
     |                       +----- Pletholophus_guangzhouensis
     |  +--------------------+                                 
     |  |                    |  +-- Pletholophus_tenuis        
     |  |                    +--+                              
     +--+                       +-- Pletholophus_reinianus     
        |                                                      
        |  +----------------------- Pletholophus_honglinhensis 
        +--+                                                   
           |  +-------------------- Anemina                    
           +--+                                                
              |  +----------------- Amuranodonta               
              +--+                                             
                 |  +-------------- Buldowskia_suifunica **       
                 +--+                                          
                    |  +----------- Buldowskia_shadini **         
                    +--+                                       
                       |  +-------- Buldowskia_flavotincta **     
                       +--+                                    
                          |  +----- Buldowskia_kamiyai **         
                          +--+                                 
                             |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **        
                             +--+                              
                                +-- Buldowskia **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	29	28	8	1

  +----------------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                                    
--+  +-------------------------- Beringiana            
  |  |                                                 
  |  |                    +----- Mimo                  
  +--+  +-----------------+                            
     |  |                 |  +-- Acudonta              
     |  |                 +--+                         
     +--+                    +-- Sinanodonta           
        |                                              
        |  +-------------------- Pletholophus          
        +--+                                           
           |  +----------------- Anemina               
           +--+                                        
              |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
              +--+                                     
                 |  +----------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
                 +--+                                  
                    |  +-------- Buldowskia_shadini **    
                    +--+                               
                       |  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                          +--+                         
                             +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	26	22	6	3

  +-------------------- Cristaria             
  |                                           
  |              +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----------+                            
  |  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
  |  |           +--+                         
  +--+              +-- Sinanodonta           
     |                                        
     |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------- Anemina               
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
           |  |                               
           +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
              |  +--+                         
              |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
              +--+                            
                 |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                 +--+                         
                    +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	2	5	26	22	6	2

           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  |                            
           +--+----- Buldowskia_shadini **    
              |                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	23	22	7	3

  +----------------------- Pletholophus          
  |                                              
  |                 +----- Beringiana            
--+  +--------------+                            
  |  |              |  +-- Mimo                  
  |  |              +--+                         
  +--+                 +-- Sinanodonta           
     |                                           
     |  +----------------- Cristaria             
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +-------------- Anemina               
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +----------- Amuranodonta          
           |  |                                  
           +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
              |  |                               
              +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
                 |  +--+                         
                 |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
                    +--+                         
                       +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	29	25	6	3

           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	117	19	6	3

  +----------------- Cristaria             
  |                                        
  |           +----- Pletholophus          
  +-----------+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Anemina               
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Amuranodonta          
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	26	22	6	3

           +-------- Cristaria             
  +--------+                               
  |        |  +----- Pletholophus          
  |        +--+                            
  |           |  +-- Beringiana            
--+           +--+                         
  |              +-- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +-------- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
        |  |                               
        +--+     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
           |  +--+                         
           |  |  +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	5	6	4	3	5

  +----------------- Sinanodonta           
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Amuranodonta          
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +----------- Anemina               
     |  |                                  
     +--+        +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **   
        |  +-----+                         
        |  |     +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Buldowskia_shadini **    
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **  
              +--+                         
                 +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	34	7	5	--

        +----- Cristaria           
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Beringiana          
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Sinanodonta         
  |                                
  |  +-------- Amuranodonta        
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anemina             
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **
        +--+                       
           +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	10	10	4	--

           +-- Beringiana         
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Sinanodonta        
--+                               
  |  +-------- Pletholophus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cristaria          
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
        +--+                      
           +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	54	11	5	--

        +----- Cristaria           
  +-----+                          
  |     |  +-- Beringiana          
  |     +--+                       
--+        +-- Sinanodonta         
  |                                
  |  +-------- Anemina             
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Amuranodonta        
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Buldowskia_suifunica **
        +--+                       
           +-- Buldowskia_shadini **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	16	16	4	--

           +-- Beringiana         
  +--------+                      
  |        +-- Sinanodonta        
--+                               
  |  +-------- Pletholophus       
  +--+                            
     |  +----- Cristaria          
     +--+                         
        |  +-- Buldowskia_kamiyai ** 
        +--+                      
           +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	3	3	1	--

  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                         
  +-- Sinanodonta

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	16	14	7	--

  +----------- Cristaria         
  |                              
  |     +----- Amuranodonta      
--+  +--+                        
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina           
  |  |  +--+                     
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia_shadini **
  +--+                           
     |     +-- Beringiana        
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus      
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Acudonta          
        +--+                     
           +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	10	5	--

  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	32	8	4	--

        +-- Cristaria          
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
--+                            
  |  +----- Beringiana         
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Pletholophus       
     +--+                      
        +-- Sinanodonta

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	64	14	7	--

  +----------- Cristaria         
  |                              
  |     +----- Amuranodonta      
--+  +--+                        
  |  |  |  +-- Anemina           
  |  |  +--+                     
  |  |     +-- Buldowskia_shadini **
  +--+                           
     |     +-- Beringiana        
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Pletholophus      
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Acudonta          
        +--+                     
           +-- Sinanodonta

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	22	0	2	33	9	5	37

  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesma            
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticosta             
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	20	7	4	--

        +-- Cristaria          
  +-----+                      
  |     +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **
--+                            
  |  +----- Pletholophus       
  +--+                         
     |  +-- Sinanodonta        
     +--+                      
        +-- Beringiana

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	10	5	--

  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	67	10	5	--

  +-- Anemina            
--+                      
  +-- Buldowskia_iwakawai **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	4	4	2	--

  +----- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                            
  |  +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                         
     +-- Sinanodonta

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	3	3	1	--

  +-- Buldowskia_flavotincta **
--+                         
  +-- Sinanodonta

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