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The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Parvaspina species Parvaspina lanceolata (Lea, 1828): synonymy 7 specimens Unio lanceolatus Lea, 1828
 Lea, 1828. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 266 [8], pl. 3, fig. 2. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85905, Tar R., at Tarborough, N. Carolina.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) lanceolatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio lanceolatus — Ortmann (1914) Unio lanceolatus — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolatus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio lanceolata — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Kat (1983), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025) Parvaspina lanceolata — Campbell & Lydeard (2026) | |
Unio duttonianus Lea, 1841 Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 31.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 236 [74], pl. 22, fig. 50.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) duttonianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio shepardianus f.a duttonianus — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) duttonianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) | |
Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852
 Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 277 [33], pl. 22, fig. 35. Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252 [as ‘sagittaformis’]. [nomen nudum] Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85970, Oconee R., near Athens, Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) sagittiformis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-catawbensis — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus wheatleyi — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) | |
Unio emmonsii Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 86. Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 56 [60], pl. 2, fig. 203. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86028, Roanoke R., Weldon, N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) emmonsii — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio emmonsii, aff. — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) emmonsii — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio emmonsii — Bogan (2002) | |
Unio naviculoides Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 170. Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 94, pl. 20, fig. 74. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86005, Buck Head Cr., Burke Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) naviculoides — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) naviculoides — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) | |
Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262 [as ‘rostræformis’]. Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 64, pl. 10, fig. 46 [as ‘rostriformis’]. Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85973, Swift Creek, near Macon, Georgia.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) rostraeformis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio producta — Bieler (2021) | |
Unio rostriformis Lea, 1857 Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262 [as ‘rostræformis’]. Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 64, pl. 10, fig. 46. Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 60. (error for Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio producta — Bieler (2021) | |
Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858
Lea, 1858. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 10: 166. Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 211 [29], pl. 26, fig. 92 . Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86009, Satilla R., Camden Co., Ga.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic] — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) hazelhurstianus [sic] — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) | |
Unio viridulus Lea, 1863
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 10 [14], pl. 3, fig. 7. (homonym of Unio favidens var. viridula Benson, 1862) Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_85908, Neuse R., near Raleigh, N.C.
Unio (sec. Elliptio) viridulus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio viridulus — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) viridulus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio viridula — Bogan (2002) | |
Margaron (Unio) sagittaeformis Lea, 1870 ‘Lea’ of Authors. Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 60. B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [5]. (error for Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852) | |
Unio hazelhurstianus B.H. Wright, 1888 ‘Lea’ of Authors. B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [3]. Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 719 [as ‘Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’]. Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 648. Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 29 [as ‘Elliptio (Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’]. Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 229 [as ‘Elliptio (Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’]. R.I. Johnson, 1970. Bull. MCZ 140(6): 333. Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 164. (error for Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858) | |
Unio arctior var. fisheropsis de Gregorio, 1914 de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 45, pl. 5, figs. 3a-c. (intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio arctior Lea, 1838)
Unio arctior var. fisheropsis — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) | |
Unio sagittaformis Lea, 1852 Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum] (error for Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852) | |
Unio haslehurstianus Sowerby, 1866
Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 35, sp. 188. (error for Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic] — Simpson (1900) | |
Unio rostreformis de Gregorio, 1914 ‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 46. (error for Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857) | |
Taxonomic History (since 1900)Unio (sec. Elliptio) lanceolatus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) duttonianus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) sagittiformis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) emmonsii — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) naviculoides — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformis — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic] — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Unio (sec. Elliptio) viridulus — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914) Elliptio lanceolatus — Ortmann (1914) Unio lanceolatus — de Gregorio (1914) Unio shepardianus f.a duttonianus — de Gregorio (1914) Unio emmonsii, aff. — de Gregorio (1914) — de Gregorio (1914) Unio viridulus — de Gregorio (1914) Unio arctior var. fisheropsis — de Gregorio (1914) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolatus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) duttonianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-catawbensis — Frierson (1927) Elliptio (s.s.) emmonsii — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) naviculoides — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) rostraeformis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) hazelhurstianus [sic] — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) viridulus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus wheatleyi — Haas (1969) Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolata — R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975) Elliptio lanceolata — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Kat (1983), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025) Elliptio emmonsii — Bogan (2002) Elliptio viridula — Bogan (2002) Elliptio producta — Bieler (2021) Parvaspina lanceolata — Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
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