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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Pleurobemini | Parvaspina

species Parvaspina lanceolata (Lea, 1828): synonymy
     7 specimens

Unio lanceolatus Lea, 1828
Lea, 1828. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 3 [O. 1]: 266 [8], pl. 3, fig. 2.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85905, Tar R., at Tarborough, N. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) lanceolatusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio lanceolatusOrtmann (1914)
Unio lanceolatusde Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolatusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio lanceolataDavis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Kat (1983), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025)
Parvaspina lanceolataCampbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio duttonianus Lea, 1841
Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 31.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 236 [74], pl. 22, fig. 50.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) duttonianusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio shepardianus f.a duttonianusde Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) duttonianusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)

Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852
Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 277 [33], pl. 22, fig. 35.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252 [as ‘sagittaformis’]. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85970, Oconee R., near Athens, Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) sagittiformisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-catawbensisFrierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus wheatleyiHaas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)

Unio emmonsii Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 86.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 56 [60], pl. 2, fig. 203.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86028, Roanoke R., Weldon, N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) emmonsiiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio emmonsii, aff.de Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) emmonsiiFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio emmonsiiBogan (2002)

Unio naviculoides Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 9: 170.
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 94, pl. 20, fig. 74.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86005, Buck Head Cr., Burke Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) naviculoidesSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) naviculoidesFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)

Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262 [as ‘rostræformis’].
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 64, pl. 10, fig. 46 [as ‘rostriformis’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85973, Swift Creek, near Macon, Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
de Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) rostraeformisFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio productaBieler (2021)

Unio rostriformis Lea, 1857
Lea, 1857. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8: 262 [as ‘rostræformis’].
Lea, 1858. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 6]: 64, pl. 10, fig. 46.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 60.
(error for Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857)

Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio productaBieler (2021)

Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858
Lea, 1858. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 10: 166.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 211 [29], pl. 26, fig. 92 .
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_86009, Satilla R., Camden Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic]Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) hazelhurstianus [sic]Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)

Unio viridulus Lea, 1863
Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 10 [14], pl. 3, fig. 7.
(homonym of Unio favidens var. viridula Benson, 1862)
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_85908, Neuse R., near Raleigh, N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) viridulusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio viridulusde Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) viridulusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio viridulaBogan (2002)

Margaron (Unio) sagittaeformis Lea, 1870
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 60.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [5].
(error for Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852)

Unio hazelhurstianus B.H. Wright, 1888
‘Lea’ of Authors.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [3].
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 719 [as ‘Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’].
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 648.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 29 [as ‘Elliptio (Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’].
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 229 [as ‘Elliptio (Elliptio) hazelhurstianus’].
R.I. Johnson, 1970. Bull. MCZ 140(6): 333.
Burch, 1975. Freshw. Unio. North Amer.: 164.
(error for Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858)

Unio arctior var. fisheropsis de Gregorio, 1914
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 45, pl. 5, figs. 3a-c.
(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio arctior Lea, 1838)

Unio arctior var. fisheropsisde Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)

Unio sagittaformis Lea, 1852
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
(error for Unio sagittiformis Lea, 1852)

Unio haslehurstianus Sowerby, 1866
Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 35, sp. 188.
(error for Unio hazlehurstianus Lea, 1858)

Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic]Simpson (1900)

Unio rostreformis de Gregorio, 1914
‘Lea’ de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 46.
(error for Unio rostraeformis Lea, 1857)

Taxonomic History (since 1900)

Unio (sec. Elliptio) lanceolatusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) duttonianusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) sagittiformisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) emmonsiiSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) naviculoidesSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) rostraeformisSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) hazelhurstianus [sic]Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) viridulusSimpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Elliptio lanceolatusOrtmann (1914)
Unio lanceolatusde Gregorio (1914)
Unio shepardianus f.a duttonianusde Gregorio (1914)
Unio emmonsii, aff.de Gregorio (1914)
de Gregorio (1914)
Unio viridulusde Gregorio (1914)
Unio arctior var. fisheropsisde Gregorio (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolatusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) duttonianusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus-catawbensisFrierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) emmonsiiFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) naviculoidesFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) rostraeformisFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) hazelhurstianus [sic]Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) viridulusFrierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus wheatleyiHaas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) lanceolataR.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio lanceolataDavis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Kat (1983), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), ... Graf & Cummings (2021), FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025)
Elliptio emmonsiiBogan (2002)
Elliptio viridulaBogan (2002)
Elliptio productaBieler (2021)
Parvaspina lanceolataCampbell & Lydeard (2026)

 
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