The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae subfamily AMBLEMINAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 tribes Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 301 (386 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 5
analyzed in 305 cladograms in 182 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
90 (mean = 10.88, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
5 (mean = 2.61, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 262
maximum number of included terminals = 90, (mean =
12.5 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
5 (mean = 2.87, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.88 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 182
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 90 (mean = 10.69, median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
5 (mean = 3.07, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.83
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 74 | 68 | 3 | 0 | +----- Gonideinae
+--------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 126 | 71 | 4 | 174 | 135 | 3 | 129 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Chamberlainia
| |
| +----------- Megalonaias **
| |
| +----------- Uniomerus **
| |
--+ +----------- Quadrulina **
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini
| |
| +----------- Gonideini
| |
| +----------- Pseudodontini
+--+
+----------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Rectidentini
+--------+
| +-- Contradentini
|
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
+----- Truncilla **
|
+----- Venustaconcha **
|
+----- Cambarunio **
|
+----- Leaunio **
|
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 90 | 90 | 92 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 102 | +-------------------- Chamberlainiini
|
+-------------------- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+ +-- Plectomerus **
| +-----+
| | +-- Reginaia **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Amblema **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 90 | 90 | 81 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 99 | +-- Chamberlainiini
+-----------------------------+
| +-- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Gonideini
| +--------------------------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
| | +----------------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+ |
| | +----- Popenaiadini **
| | +--------------+
| | | | +-- Amblema **
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Reginaia **
| |
| | +-- Plectomerus **
| | +--------------+
+--+ | +-- Toxolasma **
| |
| | +----- Obliquaria **
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Cyrtonaias **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Glebula **
| | |
+--+ | +----------- Sagittunio **
| | |
| | +----------- Leaunio **
| | |
| | +----------- Potamilus **
| | |
| | +----------- Hamiota **
| | |
| | | +-- Ellipsaria **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla **
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina **
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
| |
| | +----- Villosa **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio **
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa **
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium **
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata **
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria **
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2 **
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma **
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor **
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis **
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda **
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus **
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1 **
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| |
| | +-- Lemiox **
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus **
|
| +-- Dromus **
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 59 | 5 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 179 | +-------------- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Gonideinae
--+ |
| | +-------- Reginaia **
| | |
+--+ +-------- Amblema **
| |
| | +-- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Popenaiadini **
| |
| | +-- Dromus **
| | |
| | +-- Epioblasma **
| | |
+--+ +-- Glebula **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_virescens **
| |
| +-- Lemiox **
+--+
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Obovaria_olivaria **
|
+-- Obovaria_unicolor **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Potamilus_alatus **
|
+-- Potamilus_capax **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 67 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | +----------------------------------- Quadrulini **
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Amblema **
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Reginaia **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Popenaiadini **
| |
| | +-- Glebula **
+--+ +--------------------+
| | +-- Paetulunio **
| |
+--+ +-- Toxolasma **
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Obliquaria **
| |
| | +----- Potamilus **
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Dromus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox **
|
| +----------- Lampsilis_ovata **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis_virescens **
| |
+--+ +-- Epioblasma **
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis **
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_olivaria **
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 63 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | +-------------- Quadrulini **
|
--+ +----------- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+ +-- Plectomerus **
| +-----+
| | +-- Reginaia **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Amblema **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 47 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----- Pleurobemini **
|
--+ +-- Amblemini **
| |
+--+-- Popenaiadini **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 54 | 54 | 49 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Popenaiadini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +-------------------------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +-------------- Elliptoideus **
| +--------------+
| | | +----------- Plectomerus **
--+ | +--+
| | | +-------- Obovaria_unicolor **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_olivaria **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lemiox **
|
| +-------- Cyrtonaias **
| +-----------------+
| | | +----- Reginaia **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Amblema **
|
| +----------------------- Elliptio **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +----------------- Parvaspina **
+--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena **
| +--------------+
+--+ +-- Plethobasus **
|
| +-------------- Pleuronaia **
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_stabile **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-------------------- Quadrulini **
|
--+ +----------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Amblema **
| |
+--+ +-- Cyrtonaias **
| +--------+
| | +-- Reginaia **
+--+
| +-------- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Lemiox **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis **
+--+
+-- Obovaria **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +-------------------- Quadrulini **
|
--+ +----------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+ +-- Reginaia **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Amblema **
+--+
| +----------- Popenaiadini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Cyrtonaias **
| |
+--+-------- Plectomerus **
|
| +----- Lemiox **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis **
+--+
+-- Obovaria **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +----------------- Quadrulini **
|
--+ +-------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Amblema **
| |
+--+ +-------- Plectomerus **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----+
| +-- Reginaia **
|
| +----- Lemiox **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis **
+--+
+-- Obovaria **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 41 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +----------- Amblema **
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Popenaiadini **
+--+
| +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | +-------------------------------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +-- Amblema **
--+ +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Reginaia **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------- Plectomerus **
| |
| | +----------------------------- Toxolasma **
+--+ |
| | +----- Popenaiadini **
| | +--------------------+
+--+ | | +-- Glebula **
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria **
| |
| | +-- Medionidus **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lemiox **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Cyprogenia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
| |
+--+ +-------- Potamilus **
| +--------+
| | | +----- Atlanticoncha **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ellipsaria **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Truncilla **
|
| +-- Hamiota **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Villosa **
| |
+--+ +----------- Ligumia **
| |
| | +----- Venustaconcha **
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma **
|
| +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 40 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 44 | +-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Reginaia **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblema **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 33 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Amblemini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Elliptoideus **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Elliptio **
| |
| | +-------------- Parvaspina **
+--+ |
| +-------------- Plethobasus **
| |
| | +-- Hemistena **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Eurynia **
|
| +----------- Fusconaia **
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_riddellii **
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum **
|
| +----- Pleuronaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **
|
+-- Pleurobema_clava **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +-- Amblema **
|
--+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 21 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | +-------------------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------------------- Plectomerus **
--+ |
| | +-------------------- Popenaiadini **
| | |
| | +-------------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+ |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Glebula **
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Reginaia **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
|
| +----------------- Toxolasma **
| |
| | +-------------- Potamilus **
| | |
| | | +-- Ellipsaria **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | +-- Truncilla **
| |
| | +----- Medionidus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Lemiox **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Dromus **
|
| +----------- Cambarunio **
| |
| +----------- Leaunio **
| |
| +----------- Villosa **
| |
| | +-- Sagittunio **
| +--------+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata **
|
| +----- Venustaconcha **
+-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria **
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_hydiana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 29 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 35 | +-------------- Gonideinae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 31 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-------------------------------- Lampsilini **
|
--+ +----------------------------- Parvaspina **
| |
| | +-------------------------- Amblemini **
+--+ |
| | +----- Eurynia **
| | +-----------------+
+--+ | | +-- Plethobasus **
| | +--+
| | +-- Elliptio **
| |
| | +-------------------- Pleurobema_plenum **
+--+ |
| +-------------------- Pleuronaia **
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__1 **
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Fusconaia **
+--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_sintoxia__1 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Pleurobema_cordatum__2 **
| | | |
| | +--+-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__2 **
| | |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia__3 **
|
| +-------------- Pleurobema_stabile **
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_rubellum **
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_strodeanum **
+--+ +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Pleurobema_perovatum **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_taitianum **
|
| +-- Pleurobema_clava **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_oviforme **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_decisum **
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_pyriforme **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_georgianum **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | +----------- Lampsilis **
|
| +-------- Obliquaria **
| |
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
--+ +-------- Reginaia **
| |
| +-------- Potamilus **
| |
| +-------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Elliptoideus **
+-----+
| +-- Plectomerus **
|
| +----- Medionidus **
+--+
| | +-- Dromus **
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia **
|
| +----- Hemistena **
+--+
| +-- Elliptio **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 35 | +----------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-------- Reginaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Amblema **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | +-------------------------- Lampsilis **
|
--+ +----------------------- Potamilus **
| |
| | +----- Medionidus **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Dromus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Cyprogenia **
|
| +----------------- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Amblema **
| |
| | +----- Reginaia **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Elliptoideus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Plectomerus **
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Hemistena **
+--+
| +-- Elliptio **
+--+
+-- Fusconaia **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 25 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 36 | +----------------------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Quadrulina **
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Megalonaias **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Toxolasma **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Amblema **
| |
| | +-------------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+ |
| | +-- Reginaia **
| +-----------------+
+--+ +-- Obliquaria **
|
| +----------------- Potamilus **
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_cardium **
| |
| | +----- Ligumia **
| +-----+
+--+ | +-- Obovaria **
| +--+
| +-- Epioblasma **
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_higginsii **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | +----------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | +----------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 32 | +-------------- Gonideinae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Popenaiadini **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | +-- Lampsilini **
|
--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | +-- Lampsilini **
|
--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +----------- Quadrulini **
|
+----------- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Elliptio_arctata **
| +-----+
| | +-- Elliptio_crassidens **
| |
| | +----- Pleurobema_decisum **
--+ | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_rubellum **
| | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 **
| | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_stabile **
| | |
| | +----- Pleurobema_pyriforme **
| | |
+--+ +----- Pleurobema_oviforme__2 **
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2 **
| |
| +----- Pleuronaia **
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_georgianum__3 **
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_cordatum **
| |
| +----- Pleurobema_beadleianum **
| |
| +----- Hemistena **
+--+
+----- Fusconaia_flava **
|
+----- Fusconaia_cerina **
|
+----- Eurynia **
|
+----- Elliptio_arca **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Plethobasus **
+--+
| +-- Parvaspina **
|
| +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_oviforme__1 **
| |
| +-- Pleurobema_clava **
|
| +-- Pleurobema_athearni **
| |
+--+-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 **
|
+-- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1 **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | +----------------------- Quadrulini **
|
+----------------------- Amblemini **
|
| +-------------------- Lampsilini **
| |
| +-------------------- Eurynia **
| |
| +-------------------- Fusconaia_cerina **
--+ |
| +-------------------- Fusconaia_flava **
| |
| +-------------------- Hemistena **
| |
| +-------------------- Plethobasus **
| |
| +-------------------- Parvaspina **
| |
+--+-------------------- Pleurobema_cordatum **
|
+-------------------- Pleuronaia **
|
+-------------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__2 **
|
+-------------------- Pleurobema_stabile **
|
+-------------------- Elliptio **
|
| +----------------- Pleurobema_decisum **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema_sintoxia **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema_clava **
+--+
+----------------- Pleurobema_oviforme__1 **
|
| +-------------- Pleurobema_beadleianum **
| |
+--+ +----------- Pleurobema_pyriforme **
| |
+--+ +-------- Pleurobema_rubellum **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__2 **
+--+
+-------- Pleurobema_georgianum__2 **
|
| +----- Pleurobema_hanleyianum__1 **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_georgianum__1 **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_athearni **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 30 | +-------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------- Megalonaias **
| |
+--+ +-- Uniomerus **
| +-----+
| | +-- Quadrulina **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Amblemini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 172 | 133 | 3 | 22 | +----------------------------------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------------------------------------------- Pseudodontini
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini
| +--------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+
| +-------------------------------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------------- Chamberlainiini
| |
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini
| +-----------------------------------+
| | +-- Gonideini
+--+
| +----------------------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Amblema **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Toxolasma **
| |
+--+ +-- Obliquaria **
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| | +-- Medionidus **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
| |
+--+ +-- Ellipsaria **
| +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla **
+--+
| +-------- Leaunio **
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha **
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 20 | 4 | 174 | 135 | 3 | 23 | +-------------------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------------------- Unioninae
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini
+--+ +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Contradentini
| |
| | +-------- Chamberlainiini
+--+ +--------------------+
| | | +----- Lamprotulini
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gonideini
+--+ +--+
| +-- Pseudodontini
|
| +-------------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Amblema **
| |
| | +----- Toxolasma **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Obliquaria **
| | +--+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-------------- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_alatus **
+--+ |
| | +-------- Venustaconcha **
| | |
+--+ +-------- Leaunio **
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria **
| +-----+
+--+ +-- Truncilla **
|
| +-- Medionidus **
+-----+
| +-- Ptychobranchus **
|
| +----- Cambarunio **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 21 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 33 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | +-- Amblemini **
|
--+-- Quadrulini **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | +----------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-------- Reginaia **
+--+
| +----- Amblema **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 24 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | +----------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-------- Reginaia **
+--+
| +----- Amblema **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 29 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 20 | 4 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 31 | +----------------------------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Megalonaias **
| +-----------------------+
--+ | +-- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----------- Elliptoideus **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +-------- Pleurobema **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Uniomerus **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Fusconaia **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Eurynia **
|
| +-------------------- Amblema **
| |
| | +----- Toxolasma **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +-- Plectomerus **
| | +--+
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+ +----- Ptychobranchus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Potamilus_fragilis **
| | +--+
| | +-- Medionidus **
+--+
| +-- Villosa **
| +--------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus **
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | +-- Quadrulini **
--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 26 | +----------------- Gonideinae
--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-------- Amblema **
+--+
| +----- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 26 | +----------------- Gonideinae
--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-------- Amblema **
+--+
| +----- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 38 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | +-------------------- Obliquaria **
|
+-------------------- Amblemini **
|
| +----------------- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +----------------- Obovaria **
--+ |
| | +-- Leaunio **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Cambarunio **
| |
| | +-------- Ortmanniana **
| | |
+--+--------+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_virescens **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_radiata **
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_bracteata **
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_ornata **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis_ovata **
| |
+--+ +----- Lampsilis_cardium__3 **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 **
|
+-- Lampsilis_cardium__2 **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 30 | +----------------------------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Megalonaias **
--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----- Elliptoideus **
+--+ |
| +-----------------+ +-- Eurynia **
| | | |
| | +--+-- Pleurobema **
| | |
+--+ +-- Uniomerus **
|
| +-------------------- Amblema **
| |
+--+ +-- Plectomerus **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
| +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis **
| |
+--+ +----------- Ptychobranchus **
| |
+--+ +-------- Medionidus **
| |
+--+ +----- Potamilus_purpuratus **
| |
+--+----- Lampsilis **
|
| +-- Ellipsaria **
+--+
+-- Villosa **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 32 | 31 | 4 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 38 | +-------------- Quadrulina **
|
| +----- Lamprotulini
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Megalonaias **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 30 | +----------------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Megalonaias **
--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Quadrulina **
| |
+--+ +----- Amblema **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Plectomerus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------- Elliptoideus **
+--+
| +----- Uniomerus **
+--+
| +-- Eurynia **
+--+
+-- Pleurobema **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 21 | 16 | 1 | 29 | +----------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriinae
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 74 | 68 | 3 | 1 | +----- Gonideinae
+--------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 28 | +----------- Unionini
|
--+ +-------- Anodontini
| |
+--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 78 | 67 | 3 | 0 | +----- Gonideinae
+--------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 11 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 28 | +----------- Unionini
|
--+ +-------- Anodontini
| |
+--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 78 | 67 | 3 | 0 | +----- Gonideinae
+--------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | +----- Amblemini **
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 5 | 72 | 63 | 2 | 1 | +----------- Quadrulini **
+-----------------+
| | +-------- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +----- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Popenaiadini **
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
--+ +-------------- Chamberlainiini
| |
| +-----------+ +-- Contradentini
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Rectidentini
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lamprotulini
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pseudodontini
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Inversiunio
| +--+
| +-- Gonideini
|
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini
| |
| | +----- Anodontini
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----------------- Globunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Aculamprotula
| |
+--+ +----------- Unio
| |
+--+ +-- Nodularia
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudocuneopsis
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 58 | 47 | 2 | 2 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 26 | +----------------- Gonideinae
|
+----------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Paetulunio **
| +--------+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
| |
+--+ +----- Leaunio **
| |
+--+----- Obovaria **
|
| +-- Villosa **
+--+
+-- Cambarunio **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 42 | 35 | 3 | 19 | +----------- Gonideinae
|
| +-- Unioninae
+--------+
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | +-------- Quadrula_quadrula **
|
--+-------- Quadrula_verrucosa **
|
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 58 | 47 | 2 | 2 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 70 | 61 | 2 | 2 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 42 | 35 | 3 | 17 | +----- Gonideinae
+--------+
| | +-- Unioninae
| +--+
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 38 | 36 | 2 | 2 | +-- Unioninae
+-----------+
| +-- Gonideinae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| | +-------- Popenaiadini **
| +--+
| | +----- Amblemini **
| +--+
--+ | +-- Quadrulini **
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
|
| +----------- Potamilus **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium **
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 58 | 49 | 2 | 2 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 20 | 18 | 2 | 27 | +----------------- Unioninae
|
| +-------------- Ptychorhynchus
| |
--+ +-------------- Chamberlainiini
| |
| +-------------- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+-------------- Sinosolenaia
|
| +----------- Megalonaias **
| |
| | +----- Elliptoideus **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Uniomerus **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis **
+--+ |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Amblema **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
+--+--+
| +-- Plectomerus **
|
| +-- Villosa **
| |
| +-- Ellipsaria **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Potamilus_purpuratus **
|
+-- Ptychobranchus **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 33 | 11 | 3 | 26 | +----------------- Pseudodontini
|
--+ +-------------- Parreysiinae
| |
| +-------------- Contradentini
+--+
+-------------- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Gonideini
+--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | +-- Unioninae
+-----------+
| +-- Gonideinae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 20 | 18 | 2 | 27 | +-------------------------------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------------------------------------- Sinosolenaia
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------------- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------- Chamberlainiini
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------- Ptychorhynchus
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Megalonaias **
| |
| | +----- Elliptoideus **
+--+ +--------------------+
| | | +-- Uniomerus **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobema **
|
| +----------------------- Amblema **
| |
+--+ +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----------------- Medionidus **
+--+
| +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis **
+--+
| +----------- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +-- Villosa **
+--+
+-- Ellipsaria **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 33 | 11 | 3 | 28 | +----------------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-------------------------- Contradentini
| |
| | +-- Gonideini
+--+ +--------------------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini
| |
| | +-------- Amblemini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obliquaria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------------- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-------------- Truncilla **
+--+
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma **
Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 33 | 11 | 3 | 25 | +----------------------- Pseudodontini
|
--+ +-------------------- Contradentini
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------- Gonideini
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Amblemini **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Truncilla **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
| |
| +-- Cambarunio **
+--+
+-- Ligumia **
|
+-- Epioblasma **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 26 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini
| |
| | +----- Eurynia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
+--+
| +----- Ligumia **
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 33 | 11 | 3 | 27 | +-------------------------------- Pseudodontini
|
--+ +----------------------------- Contradentini
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Gonideini
| |
| | +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Obliquaria **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------------- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-------------- Truncilla **
+--+
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Epioblasma **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | +-- Popenaiadini **
+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 28 | +----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideinae
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Unionini
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 30 | +----- Unioninae
|
+----- Margaritiferinae
|
--+----- Quadrulini **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 56 | 45 | 2 | 5 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 40 | 38 | 2 | 5 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Obliquaria **
| |
| +----- Toxolasma **
+--+
+----- Popenaiadini **
|
| +-- Glebula **
+--+
+-- Cyrtonaias **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 31 | +----- Unioninae
|
+----- Margaritiferinae
|
--+----- Lampsilini **
|
+----- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 29 | +-------- Amblemini **
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 22 | +-- Quadrulini **
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 30 | +-------- Lampsilini **
--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 42 | 39 | 2 | 6 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 24 | +-------------- Gonideinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 25 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Glebula **
| +--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
| |
+--+ +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
|
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | +-- Popenaiadini **
+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 24 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 23 | 7 | 3 | 24 | +-------- Toxolasma **
|
+-------- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Glebula **
+-----+
--+ +-- Cyrtonaias **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+-----+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
|
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Ligumia **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | +-------- Quadrula **
|
--+-------- Pustulosa **
|
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 29 | +-------- Gonideinae
|
| +-- Elliptio **
| |
| +-- Fusconaia **
| |
--+ +--+-- Amblemini **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Unionini
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
+-- Megalonaias **
|
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 39 | +-------------------- Amblemini **
|
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
+-------------------- Eurynia **
|
+-------------------- Fusconaia **
|
+-------------------- Gonideinae
|
+-------------------- Pleurobema **
|
+-------------------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--------+
| | +-------- Glebula **
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma **
|
| +----------------- Cyrtonaias **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Unionini
| |
| | +----------- Anodontini
+--+ |
| | +----- Iridininae
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Anodontites_guanarensis
| | | |
| | +--+-- Anodontites_trigona
| | |
+--+ +-- Monocondylaeinae
|
| +----- Rhipidodontini
| |
| +----- Echyridella
+--+
+----- Lortiella
|
| +-- Castaliini
+--+
+-- Velesunio
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 29 | +----------------------------- Gonideinae
|
--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Glebula **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Toxolasma **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 28 | +----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideinae
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Aculamprotula
|
+-- Unio
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 44 | 42 | 3 | 7 | +----- Gonideinae
+-----+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Popenaiadini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | +-------------- Pleurobemini **
|
+-------------- Obliquaria **
--+
| +----------- Potamilus_capax **
| |
| +----------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +-------- Potamilus_fragilis **
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_inflatus **
+--+ |
| | +-- Potamilus_ohiensis **
| +--+
+--+ +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus **
|
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1 **
| |
+--+-- Potamilus_purpuratus__2 **
|
+-- Potamilus_alatus **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 46 | 36 | 2 | 7 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 116 | 116 | 3 | 20 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +-------------- Pseudodontini
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini
| | +--------+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini
| |
| | +-------- Unioninae
| | |
| | | +-- Amblemini **
+--+ | |
| | +-- Ortmanniana **
| | |
| | +-- Lampsilis **
| | |
| | +-- Cambarunio **
| | |
+--+ +--+-- Elliptio **
| | |
| | +-- Eurynia **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Quadrula_quadrula **
| | |
| | +-- Quadrula_verrucosa **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainia
+--+ |
| +-- Sinohyriopsis
| |
| +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii
| |
| +-- Potomida
| |
| +-- Pronodularia
| |
+--+-- Gonidea
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi
|
+-- Leguminaia
|
+-- Microcondylaea
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | +-- Amblemini **
|
--+-- Quadrulini **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 18 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-- Amblema **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 14 | +----- Gonideinae
+-----+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
| +--+
--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 130 | 105 | 3 | 19 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini
| |
| | +-------- Pseudodontini
+--+ +--+
| | | +----- Gonideini
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini
|
| +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+-----+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 51 | 43 | 4 | 44 | 42 | 2 | 61 | +-------- Quadrulini **
|
+-------- Pleurobemini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Lamprotulini
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 130 | 105 | 3 | 19 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini
| |
+--+ +----------- Unioninae
| |
| | +----- Gonideini
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 22 | +----------------- Glebula **
|
--+ +-- Amblema **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +-------- Leaunio **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
+--+
+-- Potamilus **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 67 | 57 | 2 | 19 | +-------------------- Pseudodontini
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+
| +-------------- Gonideini
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini
| +--------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 71 | 59 | 3 | 19 | +-------- Gonideinae
|
--+ +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 67 | 57 | 2 | 19 | +-------------------- Pseudodontini
|
--+ +-- Contradentini
| +--------------+
| | +-- Rectidentini
+--+
| +-------------- Gonideini
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini
| +--------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 19 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 29 | 25 | 2 | 18 | +-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
--+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 27 | 26 | 2 | 27 | +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia
|
| +----- Schistodesmus
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotula
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini
|
| +----------------- Gibbosulinae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 22 | +----------------- Sinanodonta
|
--+ +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae
| +--------+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotula
+--+
| +----- Acuticostini
+--+
| +-- Nodularia
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis
Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 76 | 76 | 3 | 24 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini
| |
| | +----- Unioninae
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula
| | |
| | +-- Potomida
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea
| |
| +-- Leguminaia
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea
| |
+--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 10 | +-- Parreysiinae
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 10 | +-- Quadrulini **
+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 11 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 20 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 42 | 39 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 11 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 21 | +-------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferinae
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 17 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 20 | +-------------- Gonideinae
|
--+ +----------- Cyrtonaias **
| |
+--+----------- Pleurobemini **
|
| +-------- Potamilus **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 19 | +-------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.5 | +-- Elliptio **
|
--+-- Quadrulini **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 38 | 35 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 20 | +-------------- Pseudodontini
--+
| +----------- Gonidea
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 38 | 35 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 85 | 68 | 3 | 15 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini
| |
+--+ +----- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------- Chamberlainiini
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
+-- Gonideini
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 40 | 34 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 85 | 68 | 3 | 17 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini
| |
+--+ +----- Lampsilini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Quadrulini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
|
| +-------- Chamberlainiini
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
+-- Gonideini
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 20 | +-------------- Pseudodontini
--+
| +----------- Gonidea
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 43 | 35 | 2 | 11 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 20 | +-------- Gonideinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 36 | 26 | 2 | 11 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Popenaiadini **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 20 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 24 | 3 | 15 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 33 | 30 | 2 | 12 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 35 | 25 | 3 | 14 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Gonideinae
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 16 | +-- Quadrulini **
|
--+-- Pleurobemini **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 19 | 3 | 16 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------------- Contradentini
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini
| |
+--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Gonideini
| |
+--+ +-------- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +----- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+----- Pleurobemini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 31 | 19 | 3 | 17 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Gonideini
+--+
| +----------- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 19 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 36 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 33 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 28 | 25 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Amblemini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 19 | 16 | 4 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 31 | +-------- Amblemini **
|
+-------- Pleurobemini **
--+
+-------- Lampsilini **
|
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 18 | +----------------- Pseudodontini
--+
| +-------------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Amblemini **
Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 13 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Amblemini **
Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 13 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 117 | 106 | 3 | 15 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +-------------- Unioninae
| |
--+ | +-- Lens
| | |
| | +-- Ensidens
| | |
+--+ +--------+-- Physunio
| | |
| | +-- Rectidens
| | |
| | +-- Yaukthwa
| |
+--+ +-- Amblemini **
| |
| +-- Pleurobemini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
| | |
| | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
+-- Gonideini
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 16 | +-- Gonideinae
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 13 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 13 | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 19 | 2 | 14 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 13 | 2 | 14 | +----------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Unionini
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 15 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 16 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 17 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 14 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 19 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 18 | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 14 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 19 | +-------------- Cristariina
--+
| +----------- Alasmidontina
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 18 | 2 | 14 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 14 | +-- Anodontina
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +----- Unionini
| +--+
| | | +-- Pyganodon
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Cristariina
|
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 19 | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | +----- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 14 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 14 | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 14 | +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 44 | 42 | 3 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
+--------------+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------- Parreysiinae
| +-----+
--+ | | +----- Unioninae
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini
| | +--+
| | +-- Discomya
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini
| +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus
+--+
| +-- Potomida
+--+
+-- Gonideini
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 22 | +-- Aculamprotula
|
+-- Lamprotula
|
+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Potomida
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum
|
+-- Anodontini
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri
|
+-- Parreysiinae
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 2 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 17 | +----- Gonideinae
|
--+ +-- Cristariina
| |
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- | +----------------------- Gonideinae
|
| +-- Lampsilini **
--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Quadrulini **
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Unionini
Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobemini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
|
--+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 74 | 72 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 36 | 3 | -- | +-- Parreysiinae
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 20 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotula
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum
+--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- | +-- Parreysiinae
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 2 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 17 | +-------- Unionini
--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 54 | 53 | 3 | -- | +----------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Amblemini **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 36 | 3 | -- | +-- Parreysiinae
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 2 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Quadrulini **
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 2 | -- | +-- Gonideini
+--------+
| +-- Lamprotulini
--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 19 | +-- Pleurobemini **
|
--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 28 | 1 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 19 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 2 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 11 | 3 | -- | +-------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Amblemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 19 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
|
--+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 16 | +-- Pleurobemini **
|
--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 1 | -- | Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-- Unioninae
|
--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Gonideinae
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 44 | 3 | -- | +-------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 2 | -- | +----- Amblemini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobemini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 12 | 1 | -- | +-- Quadrulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 2 | -- | +----- Amblemini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionini
|
--+-- Anodontini
|
+-- Lampsilini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Gonideinae
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | -- | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 2 | -- | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 10 | 3 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 1 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Gonideinae
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 44 | 3 | -- | +-------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideinae
--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Pleurobemini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
|
--+-- Unioninae
|
+-- Gonideinae
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 44 | 3 | -- | +-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini
+--+
+-- Gonideini
Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 5 | 3 | -- | +-------- Gonideinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- None__1
+--+
| +-- None__2
--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 1 | -- | +-- Amblemini **
--+
+-- Gonideinae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- | +----- Amblemini **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae
--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 10 | 3 | -- | +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
|
