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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ANODONTINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     3 subtribes, 1 genus

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 96 (117 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 4
analyzed in 341 cladograms in 192 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 41 (mean = 6.44, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.8, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 290
maximum number of included terminals = 41, (mean = 7.39 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.94, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 135
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 33 (mean = 8.36, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 2.6, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1039323352640
                 +-- Anemina **       
  +--------------+                 
  |              +-- Amuranodonta **  
  |                                
  |           +----- Parreysiini   
  +-----------+                    
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini   
  |           +--+                 
--+              +-- Indochinellini
  |                                
  |           +----- Pletholophus **  
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **   
  |  |        +--+                 
  |  |           +-- Beringiana **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Cristaria **     
     |  |                          
     |  |        +-- Alasmidontina ** 
     +--+--------+                 
        |        +-- Anodontina **    
        |                          
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Acuticostini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Unionini      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33332538938457
  +----------- Acuticostini 
  |                         
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |                         
--+----------- Unionini     
  |                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |  |                      
  +--+  +----- Cristariina **  
     |  |                   
     +--+  +-- Pseudanodonta **
        |  |                
        +--+-- Anodonta **     
           |                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414142300074
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  |                             
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
     |  +--+                       
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                       
           +-- Alasmidontina **       

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363637200069
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333331122164
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282825231159
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282827200063
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725110059
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725200063
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725140054
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272724140054
1

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202003840054
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina **                
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **       
  |                              
  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
204724318127457
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina **              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria **            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus **         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202017317926449
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                        
--+  +----------------------- Unionini     
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
     |  |                                  
     +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini
        |  |                               
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **  
           |  |                            
           |  |  +----------- Anodonta **     
           +--+  |                         
              |  |        +-- Alasmidonta **  
              |  +--------+                
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **    
                 |                         
                 |        +-- Pyganodon **    
                 |  +-----+                
                 |  |     +-- Utterbackia **  
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Simpsonaias **  
                       +--+                
                          +-- Strophitus **   

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202013318127450
  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                            
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-------- Cristariina **  
     +--+  |                      
        |  |  +----- Alasmidonta **  
        |  |  |                   
        +--+  +----- Lasmigona **    
           |  |                   
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
           |  |                   
           +--+----- Simpsonaias **  
              |                   
              +----- Strophitus **   
              |                   
              +----- Anodonta **     
              |                   
              |  +-- Pyganodon **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Utterbackia **  

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353734916351
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353634916349
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19353734916353
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181633533349
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
--+                                               
  |  +----------------------- Unionini            
  +--+                                            
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637429449
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                               
--+  +----------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                            
  +--+                    +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------------+                       
     |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                         
        |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
        +--+                                      
           |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           +--+                                   
              |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
              +--+                                
                 |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
                 +--+                             
                    |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                    +--+                          
                       |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                       +--+                       
                          +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637829449
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181437829451
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                         
--+  +----------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                      
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +-----------+                       
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                
        +--+  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  |                             
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **     
              |  |                          
              +--+----- Alasmidontina **       
                 |                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_anatina **    

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100051
1

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181817200054
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181635854349
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
     |  |                                      
     +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637429449
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini       
  |                                            
--+  +-------------------- Unionini            
  |  |                                         
  +--+                 +-- Acuticostini        
     |  +--------------+                       
     |  |              +-- Lanceolariini       
     +--+                                      
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
        |  |                                   
        +--+           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
           |  +--------+                       
           |  |        +-- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                                
              |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                             
                 |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
                 +--+                          
                    |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                    +--+                       
                       +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181633533149
  +-------------------- Unionini            
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Cristariina **         
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Alasmidontina **       
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171810311149
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **        
  |                                         
  +----------------- Pyganodon **              
  |                                         
  +----------------- Alasminota **             
  |                                         
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **       
  |                                         
  +----------------- Unionini               
  |                                         
  +----------------- Cristariina **            
  |                                         
  |              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                          
  |              +-- Anodonta_californiensis **
  |                                         
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **       
  |              |                          
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **            
  |              |                          
  |              +-- Pterosyna **              
  |                                         
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **          
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **             
  |  +--------+                             
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **          
     |        +--+                          
     |           +-- Platynaias **             
     |                                      
     |  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Anodonta_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Anodonta_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                          
                 +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **     

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161610200052
           +-- Platynaias **        
           |                     
  +--------+-- Lasmigona **         
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Pterosyna **         
--+                              
  |  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **   
  |  |                           
  +--+     +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
     |  +--+                     
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **     
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Utterbackia **       
        +--+                     
           +-- Pyganodon **         

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16161424017445
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Acuticostini 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Cristariina **  

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161613200052
           +-- Lasmigona **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Pterosyna **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **     

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15152200051
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta_kennerlyi **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200051
           +-- Pterosyna **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Lasmigona **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **     

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513122148
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200051
           +-- Pterosyna **         
           |                     
  +--------+-- Platynaias **        
  |        |                     
  |        +-- Lasmigona **         
--+                              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **       
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **
        +--+                     
           +-- Utterbackiana **     

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513312412246
  +-------------------- Unionini            
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini       
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Alasmidontina **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151710312412245
  +----------- Unionini            
  |                                
--+  +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |  |                             
  |  +-------- Cristariina **         
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                          
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
     +--+                          
        +----- Alasmidontina **       
        |                          
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
        +--+                       
           +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15170311012247
  +----- Unionini             
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana ** 
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon **            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias **          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus **           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata **    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata **    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus **         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141413160049
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141136614243
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1414133242145
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131312110048
1

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311364247
                 +-- Lanceolariini       
  +--------------+                       
  |              +-- Unionini            
--+                                      
  |  +-------------- Cristariina **         
  |  |                                   
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **    
     |  |                                
     +--+        +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **
        |  +-----+                       
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **       
        +--+                             
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **       
           +--+                          
              |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata ** 
              +--+                       
                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136121447
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313934020445
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                               
  +-------------- Unionini        
--+                               
  |           +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **   

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313113150046
  +-------------- Cristariina **            
  |                                      
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **    
--+  +--------+                          
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **        
  |  |                                   
  +--+        +-- Anodonta_californiensis **
     |  +-----+                          
     |  |     +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana **   
     |  |                                
     +--+     +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi **     
        |  +--+                          
        |  |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis **   
        +--+                             
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **       
           +--+                          
              +-- Alasmidontina **          

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136121447
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12128120047
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12121035721446
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129110049
1

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212102247241
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **  

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121212100046
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129200045
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212112250045
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111932915445
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1134323234267
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Schistodesmus           
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotula           
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii      

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111937533445
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10109160047
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010836426444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10363033526413
              +-- Anemina **               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria **             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini              

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834616443
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Acuticostini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidontina **   

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10322433122420
           +-- Anemina **               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria **             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina **            

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1022512412451
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 ** 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus **           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina **                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula **     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio            

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010833122435
  +-------------- Acuticostini 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                         
  +--+----------- Unionini     
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontina **   

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834418444
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionini     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116443
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **     
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              |  |                            
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **      

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101052230045.5
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta **  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **   

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010831313344
     +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini     

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116441
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Unionini     
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Anodonta **     
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Strophitus **   

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101083737241
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010837834444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010832929444
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9961290044
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733913343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973339143
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973229243
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973102141
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Alasmidontina **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **   

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100046
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997243144
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973239243
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997120042
1

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733717443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99732912343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513343
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99734018443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99712412442
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8312913723451
  +----------------------------------- Anemina **              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta **          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria **            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini        
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei     

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172142
  +----------- Unio         
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aculamprotula
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887120044
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172140
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100043
1

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886120043
1

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100043
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8333813925458
  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini     

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8861135240
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini     

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7752277441
           +-- Cristariina **  
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                         
--+     +----- Acuticostini 
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753156140
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346241
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71452277444
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **    

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410341
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774100045
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100045
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534621441
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410241
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346241
  +-------------- Aculamprotula
  |                            
--+           +-- Schistodesmus
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Unio         
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534610442
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534711342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532311142
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
772110045
1

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753145140
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642143240
        +-- Lepidodesmini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664110041
1

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
685222140
  +-- Unionini   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642960042
  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis **
  |                                
--+        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **     
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **          
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Pyganodon **           
     +--+                          
        |  +-- Lasmigona **           
        +--+                       
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664120041
1

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663130043
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642220040.5
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina **   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **  

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665120044
1

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
61210381148
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+     +----- Unionini   
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  |  |  +--+              
  +--+     +-- Cristariina **
     |                    
     |  +----- Gonideini  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Quadrulini 
        +--+              
           +-- Lampsilini 

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6632960042
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina **      

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6621290041
1

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6862193140.5
  +-------------- Nodularia       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **   

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200042
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642101142
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663100043
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66433311440
              +----- Cristariina **  
  +-----------+                   
  |           |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |           +--+                
  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia 

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6641210042
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5531110042
1

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
518113134252
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Alathyria      
     |     |                  
     |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
     |  |  |                  
     |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrulini     
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Pleurobemini   
           |                  
           +-- Lampsilini     

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200040
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **     

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553110040
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585233140
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200042
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55333211440
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
597244140
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200042
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553283141
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
555173242
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio  

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532106239
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Cristaria **    
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anemina **      
     +--+                
        +-- Sinanodonta **  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553233140
  +----------- Unionini        
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Cristariina **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553120040
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200040
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **     

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532266241
     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                   
  |  +-- Acuticostini 
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini     

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100040
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
595244143
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini        

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553275140
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
443100042
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442263139
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442300038
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812182153.5
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula      
     |                      
     +-- Unio               

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
474233136
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180042
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423134138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186240
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **  

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423193138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812181154
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini           

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442120038
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534239
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442110042
1

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200037
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
475233140
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44221917339
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100039
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100042
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534239
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423196238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018339
  +-------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                     
--+           +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Unionini              
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontina **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Alasmidontina **         

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018339
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                                     
     +-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Unionini              
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Lasmigona **             
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anodontina **            
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Strophitus **            

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4413166239
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Anodontina **   
     |                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100037
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200037
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44231414238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441260039
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina **
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153138
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432139
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180042
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442366238
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100037
1

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
484243141
  +----- Anodontina **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Margaritifera
     |                
     +-- Unionini     

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33111411138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310037
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312170039
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331271139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331261139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311440038
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33112216140
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311450038
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311149138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +-------- Unionini  
--+                   
  |  +----- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontina **
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312134238
        +-- Anodontina **   
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unio         

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331173241
1

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331290039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33121514138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312312140
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233137
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331130040
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331164138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331233138
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311106339
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+        +-- Nodularia           
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotula       

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331250039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina **
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +----- Unio_pictorum
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus 
  |                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33123824439
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Acuticostini 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Cristariina **  
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331143138
1

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100041
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282140
  +-------- Unio_pictorum
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311116138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100038
1

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3301127138
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33111914138
  +-------- Aculamprotula
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia    

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233139
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331220039
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330143138
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120039.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233139
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310037
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31001161148
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331230039
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
216021914446
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina **     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina **      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus   

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201411--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
280260044
  +-------------- Cristariina **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina **  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011621--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_crassus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **   

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201300--
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
250233136
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013811--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201981--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **   

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011200--
1

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240120040
  +-------- Cristaria **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022700--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220119113--
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022600--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201331--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **   

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240240040
  +-- Cristariina **  
  |                
  +-- Lampsilini   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                
  +-- Quadrulini   

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21801166245
  +----------------- Sinanodonta **  
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Cristaria **    
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lamprotulini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Quadrulini   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Aculamprotula
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Acuticostini 
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia    
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis    

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202821--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220112103--
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
216021914448
  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini     

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022400--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
230110038
  +----- Sinanodonta **    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_tumidus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontina **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202500--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Cristariina **  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110112112--
  +-------------- Unio            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontina **      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia       

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Sinanodonta_woodiana **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014100--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Lasmigona_costata **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114133--
-- Anemina_arcaeformis **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101961--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011311--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014511--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +----------- Nodularia        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontina **       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus     

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101311--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
-- Anodonta **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015500--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011331--
     +-- Schistodesmus
  +--+                
  |  +-- Aculamprotula
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio         

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
-- Pyganodon **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Anodonta **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013700--
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011531--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
  +-- Anodontina **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotula  

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011552--
-- Anemina_arcaeformis **
 
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