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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ANODONTINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     3 subtribes, 1 genus

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 98 (119 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 4
analyzed in 358 cladograms in 203 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 80 (mean = 6.94, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.82, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 307
maximum number of included terminals = 80, (mean = 7.93 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 1.95, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 145
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 80 (mean = 9.21, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) = 3 (mean = 2.63, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1038313342540
                 +-- Anemina **       
  +--------------+                 
  |              +-- Amuranodonta **  
  |                                
  |           +----- Parreysiini   
  +-----------+                    
  |           |  +-- Coelaturini   
  |           +--+                 
--+              +-- Indochinellini
  |                                
  |           +----- Pletholophus **  
  |  +--------+                    
  |  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta **   
  |  |        +--+                 
  |  |           +-- Beringiana **    
  +--+                             
     |  +----------- Cristaria **     
     |  |                          
     |  |        +-- Alasmidontina ** 
     +--+--------+                 
        |        +-- Anodontina **    
        |                          
        |  +-------- Lanceolariini 
        +--+                       
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini 
           +--+                    
              |  +-- Acuticostini  
              +--+                 
                 +-- Unionini      

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
801561643552764159
                                +----- Amuranodonta **                
  +-----------------------------+                                  
  |                             |  +-- Anemina **                     
  |                             +--+                               
  |                                +-- Buldowskia **                  
  |                                                                
  |                                +-- Beringiana **                  
  |                          +-----+                               
--+                          |     +-- Pletholophus **                
  |  +-----------------------+                                     
  |  |                       |  +----- Mimo **                        
  |  |                       +--+                                  
  |  |                          |  +-- Acudonta **                    
  |  |                          +--+                               
  |  |                             +-- Sinanodonta **                 
  |  |                                                             
  +--+  +----------------------------- Cristaria **                   
     |  |                                                          
     |  |           +----------------- Lepidodesmini               
     |  |           |                                              
     |  |           |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
     |  |           |  +--+                                        
     |  |  +--------+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
     |  |  |        |  |  +--+                                     
     +--+  |        |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2     
        |  |        |  |     +--+                                  
        |  |        +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1     
        |  |           |        +--+                               
        |  |           |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
        |  |           |                                           
        |  |           |  +----------- Globunio                    
        |  |           +--+                                        
        |  |              |  +-------- Aculamprotulina             
        +--+              +--+                                     
           |                 |  +----- Middendorffinaiina          
           |                 +--+                                  
           |                    |  +-- Unionina                    
           |                    +--+                               
           |                       +-- Oxynaiina                   
           |                                                       
           |                 +-------- Pseudodontoideus **            
           |  +--------------+                                     
           |  |              |  +----- Lasmigona **                   
           |  |              +--+                                  
           |  |                 |  +-- Pterosyna **                   
           +--+                 +--+                               
              |                    +-- Arcidens **                    
              |                                                    
              |  +-------------------- Anodontina **                  
              |  |                                                 
              +--+                 +-- Utterbackia **                 
                 |  +--------------+                               
                 |  |              +-- Pyganodon **                   
                 +--+                                              
                    |  +-------------- Utterbackiana **               
                    |  |                                           
                    +--+  +----------- Simpsonaias **                 
                       |  |                                        
                       |  |        +-- Alasminota **                  
                       +--+  +-----+                               
                          |  |     +-- Alasmidonta **                 
                          |  |                                     
                          +--+     +-- Prolasmidonta **               
                             |  +--+                               
                             |  |  +-- Platynaias **                  
                             +--+                                  
                                |  +-- Anodontoides **                
                                +--+                               
                                   +-- Strophitus **                  

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414142300073
  +----------- Cristariina **     
  |                            
--+  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon **    
     |  +--+                   
     |  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                   
           +-- Alasmidontina **   

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363637200068
  +----- Anodonta **     
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33332538938455
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+----------------- Unionini        
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Cristariina **     
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
        |  |                         
        +--+-------- Alasmidontina **   
           |                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Brachyanodon **    

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333331122163
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333331111165
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
303029140056
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282825231157
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Cristariina **

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282827200062
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725110057
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272724140053
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725140053
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725200062
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26262436939457
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26262433836357
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Acuticostini 
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25252434038357
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202017317927447
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lanceolariini   
        |  |                                  
        |  |  +-------------- Cristariina **     
        +--+  |                               
           |  |           +-- Alasmidonta **     
           |  |  +--------+                   
           +--+  |        +-- Lasmigona **       
              |  |                            
              |  |     +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              |  +-----+                      
              |  |     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+     +--+                   
                 |        +-- Brachyanodon **    
                 |                            
                 |        +-- Pyganodon **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Utterbackia **     
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Simpsonaias **     
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **      

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202003850053
  +-- Alasmidonta_marginata **      
  |                              
  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
  |                              
  +-- Alasmidonta_undulata **       
  |                              
  +-- Cristariina **                
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
  |                              
  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_confragosus **       
  |                              
  +-- Arcidens_wheeleri **          
  |                              
  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                              
--+-- Platynaias_compressa **       
  |                              
  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_decorata **        
  |                              
  +-- Platynaias_subviridis **      
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
  |                              
  +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        
  |                              
  +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |                              
  +-- Strophitus **                 
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__1 **
  |                              
  +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis__2 **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
204825318128456
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta **          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina **              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea **      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria **            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon **         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona **            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta **        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon **            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias **          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus **           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia **          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus **         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta **          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202013318128448
  +-------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                     
--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                               
     |  |  +----------- Cristariina **     
     +--+  |                            
        |  |  +-------- Alasmidonta **     
        |  |  |                         
        +--+  +-------- Lasmigona **       
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **   
           |  |                         
           |  +-------- Simpsonaias **     
           +--+                         
              +-------- Strophitus **      
              |                         
              |     +-- Pyganodon **       
              +-----+                   
              |     +-- Utterbackia **     
              |                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **    

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19363635017349
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Pletholophus ** 
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Beringiana **   
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Sinanodonta **  
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19363735017353
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19363735017351
                 +-- Anemina **      
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Buldowskia **   
  |                               
--+           +----- Sinanodonta **  
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Pletholophus ** 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Beringiana **   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Cristaria **    
     |  |                         
     +--+        +-- Anodontina **   
        |  +-----+                
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Lanceolariini
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                
                 +-- Unionini     

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181635753348
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+  +----------- Lanceolariini
     |  |                         
     +--+  +-------- Cristariina **  
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181633533348
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Unionini     
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodonta **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637328448
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Unionini     
  |  |                               
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Alasmidontina **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                
                    +-- Anodonta **     

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181633432148
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristariina **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Brachyanodon ** 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Alasmidontina **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodonta **     

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637328448
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+  +-------------- Unionini     
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Cristariina **  
        |  |                      
        +--+     +-- Pseudanodonta **
           |  +--+                
           |  |  +-- Anodonta **     
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181637728448
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100051
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
18181437728450
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini      
  |                                        
--+  +----------------- Unionini           
  |  |                                     
  +--+              +-- Acuticostini       
     |  +-----------+                      
     |  |           +-- Lanceolariini      
     +--+                                  
        |  +----------- Cristariina **        
        |  |                               
        +--+  +-------- Brachyanodon **       
           |  |                            
           |  +-------- Pseudanodonta **      
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea **    
              |  |                         
              +--+----- Alasmidontina **      
                 |                         
                 |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Anodonta_anatina **   

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181817200053
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171810311148
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |                                             
  +----------------- Pyganodon **                  
  |                                             
  +----------------- Alasminota **                 
  |                                             
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina **           
  |                                             
  +----------------- Unionini                   
  |                                             
  +----------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                             
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
--+--------------+                              
  |              +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
  |                                             
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus **           
  |              |                              
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta **                
  |              |                              
  |              +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |                                             
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **              
  |  |                                          
  |  |        +----- Strophitus **                 
  |  +--------+                                 
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta **              
     |        +--+                              
     |           +-- Platynaias **                 
     |                                          
     |  +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4 **
     +--+                                       
        |  +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3 **
        +--+                                    
           |  +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2 **
           +--+                                 
              |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1 **
              +--+                              
                 +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715312351450
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini      
  |                                              
--+  +----------------------- Unionini           
  |  |                                           
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini      
     |  |                                        
     +--+  +----------------- Acuticostini       
        |  |                                     
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **        
           |  |                                  
           +--+           +-- Anodonta_cygnea **    
              |  +--------+                      
              |  |        +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
              +--+                               
                 |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **   
                 +--+                            
                    |  +----- Alasmidontina **      
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-- Brachyanodon **       
                       +--+                      
                          +-- Pseudanodonta **      

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161610200051
           +-- Platynaias **   
           |                
  +--------+-- Lasmigona **    
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodonta **     
  |  |                      
  +--+     +-- Brachyanodon ** 
     |  +--+                
     |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Utterbackia **  
        +--+                
           +-- Pyganodon **    

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161613200051
           +-- Lasmigona **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16161424017444
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Acuticostini 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Cristariina **  

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15152200050
  +----- Pyganodon_fragilis **         
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_imbecillis **     
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackia_peggyae **        
  |                                 
  +----- Anodonta **                   
  |                                 
  +----- Brachyanodon **               
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__1 **
  |                                 
--+----- Utterbackiana_couperiana__2 **
  |                                 
  +----- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **
  |                                 
  |  +-- Lasmigona **                  
  +--+                              
  |  +-- Utterbackiana_implicata **    
  |                                 
  |  +-- Pterosyna **                  
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Platynaias **                 
  |  |                              
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **        
  +--+                              
     +-- Pyganodon_gibbosa **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_grandis **          
     |                              
     +-- Pyganodon_lacustris **        

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200050
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513200050
           +-- Pterosyna **    
           |                
  +--------+-- Platynaias **   
  |        |                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
--+                         
  |        +-- Utterbackia **  
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Pyganodon **    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodonta **     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Brachyanodon ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Utterbackiana **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513122147
  +-- Unionini   
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15180311013246
  +----- Unionini                
  |                              
  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **        
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea **         
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Brachyanodon **            
--+  |                           
  |  +-- Lasmigona **               
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta **           
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Simpsonaias **             
  |  |                           
  |  +-- Strophitus **              
  +--+                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta **       
     |                           
     +-- Cristaria_plicata **       
     |                           
     +-- Cristaria_radiata **       
     |                           
     +-- Pletholophus **            
     |                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida **      
     |                           
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi **     
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola    
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii      
     |                           
     +-- Lanceolaria_danzhouensis

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513312413244
  +-------------------- Unionini        
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Alasmidontina **   
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Brachyanodon **    

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151811312413244
  +----------- Unionini        
  |                            
--+  +-------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Cristariina **     
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
     |  |                      
     |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
     +--+                      
        +----- Alasmidontina **   
        |                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Brachyanodon **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141136715241
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141413160048
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1414133252144
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212241
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141236212241
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311364246
                 +-- Lanceolariini      
  +--------------+                      
  |              +-- Unionini           
--+                                     
  |  +-------------- Cristariina **        
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +----------- Anodonta_anatina **   
     |  |                               
     +--+        +-- Brachyanodon **       
        |  +-----+                      
        |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **      
        +--+                            
           |  +----- Pseudanodonta **      
           +--+                         
              |  +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **
              +--+                      
                 +-- Anodonta_cygnea **    

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136020446
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313934020444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                               
  +-------------- Unionini        
--+                               
  |           +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +--------+                   
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **   

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131312110047
1

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313113150045
  +-------------- Cristariina **                
  |                                          
  |           +-- Anodonta_exulcerata **        
--+  +--------+                              
  |  |        +-- Anodonta_cygnea **            
  |  |                                       
  +--+        +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis **
     |  +-----+                              
     |  |     +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana **   
     |  |                                    
     +--+     +-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi **     
        |  +--+                              
        |  |  +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis **   
        +--+                                 
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **           
           +--+                              
              +-- Alasmidontina **              

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131136020446
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129110048
1

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121212100046
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12128120046
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129200044
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12121035620445
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionini        
  |  |                               
  +--+           +-- Acuticostini    
     |  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Cristariina **     
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Alasmidontina **   

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212102247240
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **  

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1212112260044
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111937432444
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111932915444
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1134323234266
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Gibbosula               
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii      

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010833122433
  +-------------- Acuticostini 
  |                            
--+  +----------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                         
  +--+----------- Unionini     
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Alasmidontina **
           +--+                
              +-- Anodontina **   

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10109160046
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10131133122433
  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticostini 
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina **   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria **    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina **      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta ** 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus ** 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta **  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana **   

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010833122433
  +-------------------- Globunionina   
  |                                    
  |              +----- Aculamprotulina
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Unionina       
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Oxynaiina      
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Acuticostini   
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Cristariina **    
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Alasmidontina **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Anodontina **     

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010831313343
     +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini     

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010832828443
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1022512412451
  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__1
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__2
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1 **     
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2 **     
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta **        
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_japonica **      
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1 **  
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana **    
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2 **  
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3 **  
  |                               
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 **   
  |                               
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 **   
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1 **    
--+                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2 **    
  |                               
  +----- Pletholophus **             
  |                               
  +----- Anemina **                  
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata   
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3 **     
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola     
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula **       
  |                               
  +----- Lepidodesmini            
  |                               
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina          
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Acuticostini             
  |                               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Nodularia                
  |                               
  |  +-- Schistodesmus            
  +--+                            
     +-- Inversiunio              

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116442
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                           
--+  +----------------------- Unionini        
  |  |                                        
  +--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                     
     +--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                  
        +--+  +-------------- Cristariina **     
           |  |                               
           +--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              |  |                            
              +--+        +-- Lasmigona **       
                 |  +-----+                   
                 |  |     +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Pyganodon **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Strophitus **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010838116440
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Unionini     
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Cristariina **  
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Lasmigona **    
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Anodonta **     
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Pseudanodonta **
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Pyganodon **    
                    +--+                
                       +-- Strophitus **   

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101052230044.5
  +----------- Utterbackiana **
  |                         
  +----------- Platynaias **   
  |                         
  +----------- Alasmidonta **  
--+                         
  |        +-- Pterosyna **    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Lasmigona **    
  |                         
  |  +-------- Strophitus **   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Utterbackia **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Pyganodon **    
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **   

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10322433122418
           +-- Anemina **               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana **            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticostini          
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria **             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina **         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina **            

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101083727239
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010837732443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834418443
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Unionini     
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10352933425413
              +-- Anemina **               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta **          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus **          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta **           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana **            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina **         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina **            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria **             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticostini          
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini              

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010836325443
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010834616442
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                     
  |  +----------------- Unionini        
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Acuticostini    
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Cristariina **     
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Alasmidontina **   

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733917442
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973239242
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973339142
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997243143
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Cristariina **  

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973229242
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100045
1

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9961290043
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997120041
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9973102140
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Alasmidontina **
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **   

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733717442
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99712412442
  +-------------- Cristariina **  
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733913342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99733513342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
99732912342
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8323013824451
  +----------------- Anemina **        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticostini   
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria **      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina      

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172141
  +----------- Unionina       
--+                           
  |  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Cristariina **    
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Anodontina **     
        +--+                  
           +-- Alasmidontina **  

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100042
1

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8861135240
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini     

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887120043
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8333613925452
  +-------------- Anemina **      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini     

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100042
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8863172139
  +----------- Unionini     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristaria **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886120042
1

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886120042
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410240
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346240
  +-------------- Aculamprotulina
  |                              
--+           +-- Oxynaiina      
  |  +--------+                  
  |  |        +-- Unionina       
  +--+                           
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Cristariina **    
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Anodontina **     
           +--+                  
              +-- Alasmidontina **  

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753346240
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774100044
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100044
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7752277440
           +-- Cristariina **  
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                         
--+     +----- Acuticostini 
  |  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534611341
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532311141
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534621440
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77534610441
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
--+  +----------- Unionini     
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Acuticostini 
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristariina **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
772110044
1

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753145139
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7753156139
  +-------------- Unionini     
--+                            
  |  +----------- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Anemina **      
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Cristaria **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Anodontina **   
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71452277443
  +-------- Strophitus **   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia **  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana **
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta **  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona **    

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77532410340
  +----------- Unionini     
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
61210381147
           +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--------+              
  |        +-- Utterbackia **
  |                       
--+     +----- Unionini   
  |  +--+                 
  |  |  |  +-- Pyganodon **  
  |  |  +--+              
  +--+     +-- Cristariina **
     |                    
     |  +----- Gonideini  
     +--+                 
        |  +-- Quadrulini 
        +--+              
           +-- Lampsilini 

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6632960041
  +----- Pyganodon **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Lasmigona **       
--+--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudodontoideus **
  |                      
  |  +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontina **      

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200038
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200041
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
685222139
  +-- Unionini   
  |              
--+-- Cristariina **
  |              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665120043
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242139
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642143239
        +-- Lepidodesmini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cristaria **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663100042
1

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663130042
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642101141
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664110040
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
66433311439
        +----- Cristariina **    
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Anodontina **     
  |     +--+                  
  |        +-- Alasmidontina **  
--+                           
  |        +-- Acuticostini   
  |  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina      

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642242139
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642960041
  +----------- Brachyanodon **    
  |                            
--+        +-- Anodonta **        
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Alasminota **      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Pyganodon **       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Lasmigona **       
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudodontoideus **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6621290040
1

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6642220039.5
     +----- Utterbackia **  
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Utterbackiana **
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Anodontina **   
  |                      
  |  +----- Strophitus **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lasmigona **    
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidonta **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664120040
1

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6862193139.5
  +-------------- Oxynaiina       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta **        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina **   

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6641210041
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55333211439
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionini     
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Acuticostini 
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cristariina **  
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Anodontina **   
              +--+                
                 +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585233139
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina **     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unionini        
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200041
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553120039
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
595244142
  +----- Anodonta_anatina **
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta **   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina **     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionini        

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
518113134251
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini       
  |  |                        
  |  |     +-- Alasmidontina **  
  +--+-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |     +-- Alathyria      
     |     |                  
     |  +--+-- Lamprotulini   
     |  |  |                  
     |  |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Quadrulini     
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Pleurobemini   
           |                  
           +-- Lampsilini     

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
597244139
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553110039
1

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553275139
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532266240
     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                
  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                   
  |  +-- Acuticostini 
  +--+                
     +-- Unionini     

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200039
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **     

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200039
  +-------------- Pseudanodonta **   
--+                               
  |  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Cristariina **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Anodonta__2 **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta_anatina **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodonta__1 **     

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
555173241
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio  

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532106238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Cristaria **    
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anemina **      
     +--+                
        +-- Sinanodonta **  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100039
1

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623139
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5531110041
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554200041
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55312623139
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553283140
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodonta **     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudanodonta **
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553233139
  +----------- Unionini        
--+                            
  |  +-------- Anodonta_anatina **
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Cristariina **     
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
        +--+                   
           +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812182152.5
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotulina    
     |                      
     +-- Unionina           

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153137
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180041
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442120037
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44233211237
        +----- Cristariina **    
  +-----+                     
  |     |  +-- Anodontina **     
  |     +--+                  
--+        +-- Alasmidontina **  
  |                           
  |  +-------- Oxynaiina      
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Unionina       
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Aculamprotulina
        +--+                  
           +-- Lanceolariini  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
474233135
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Unionini   
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200036
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442300037
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
475233139
        +-- Anodonta_anatina **
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unionini        
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea ** 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta **   

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534238
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44221917338
  +----------- Acuticostini 
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423534238
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100036
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423196237
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44212712338
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticostini   
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Cristariina **    
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina      

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441260038
  +----- Pyganodon **  
  |                 
--+  +-- Lasmigona **  
  |  |              
  +--+-- Cristariina **
     |              
     +-- Utterbackia **

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018338
  +-------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                     
--+           +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +--------+                         
  |  |        +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                  
     |  +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Unionini              
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Anodontina **            
           +--+                         
              +-- Alasmidontina **         

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186239
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Alasmidontina **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **  

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100040
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423134137
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100040
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200036
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423193137
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44212712338
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Cristariina **  

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423153137
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41812181153
  +----- Anodontina **         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Pleurobema         
     |                      
     +-- Unionini           

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432138
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422138
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100040
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44231414237
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44234315237
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423186237
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Cristariina **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100038
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442110041
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421422138
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
484243140
  +----- Anodontina **   
  |                   
--+  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Margaritifera
     |                
     +-- Unionini     

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4413166238
     +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
  |  +-- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Cristariina **  
  |  |                
  +--+-- Anodontina **   
     |                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442180041
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44233211237
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200038
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442263138
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
443100041
1

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
44222018338
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
--+  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                                     
     +-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Unionini              
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------- Lasmigona **             
        +--+                               
           |  +----- Anodontina **            
           +--+                            
              |  +-- Pyganodon **             
              +--+                         
                 +-- Strophitus **            

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100041
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4421432138
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100036
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442366237
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cristariina **  
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Anodontina **   
        +--+                
           +-- Alasmidontina **

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100037
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3301127137
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31001161147
  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
  |                      
  +-- Pyganodon_grandis **  
  |                      
  +-- Utterbackia **        
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |                      
  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
--+                      
  +-- Megalonaias        
  |                      
  +-- Obliquaria         
  |                      
  +-- Theliderma         
  |                      
  +-- Quadrula           
  |                      
  +-- Uniomerus          

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100040
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331143137
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233138
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312170038
  +-- Cristariina **  
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120038.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120038.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33112015137
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristariina **    
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233138
  +----- Anodontina ** 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310036
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33112216139
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331130039
1

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311440037
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311149137
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311430037
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282139
  +----- Pyganodon ** 
--+                
  |  +-- Anodontina **
  +--+             
     +-- Strophitus **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331173239
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
364233136
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282139
  +-------- Unio_pictorum
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_tumidus 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontina **   
     +--+                
        +-- Alasmidontina **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311116137
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331290038
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312134237
        +-- Anodontina **     
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Cristariina **    
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Unionina       

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312120038.5
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331242138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331164137
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282139
  +----- Unio_pictorum
  |                   
--+----- Unio_tumidus 
  |                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331233137
  +----- Unionini   
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina **
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina ** 

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331282138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331230038
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33123824438
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionini     
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Acuticostini 
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Cristariina **  
           +--+                
              +-- Alasmidontina **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331261138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311106338
  +----------- Cristariina **         
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331271138
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33111411137
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100037
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282139
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330143137
1

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331220038
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Anodontina ** 

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331250038
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
33121514137
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312312139
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100037
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282139
  +-------- Unionini  
--+                   
  |  +----- Pyganodon ** 
  +--+                
     |  +-- Anodontina **
     +--+             
        +-- Strophitus **

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310036
  +----- Cristariina **  
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311450037
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_tumidus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontina **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **   

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201981--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
280260043
  +-------------- Cristariina **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Alasmidontina **  
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilis      
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Venustaconcha  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Quadrulini     
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lamprotulini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Chamberlainiini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202821--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontina **   
  +--+                
     +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022700--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013811--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022600--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011200--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022400--
  +-- Anodontina **   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201331--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21801166244
  +-------------- Sinanodonta **    
  |                              
--+  +----------- Cristaria **      
  |  |                           
  +--+        +-- Lamprotulini   
     |  +-----+                  
     |  |     +-- Quadrulini     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Aculamprotulina
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Acuticostini   
           +--+                  
              +-- Oxynaiina      

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
250233135
  +----- Cristariina **
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina ** 
  +--+              
     +-- Unionini   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220120202--
  +----- Unionini     
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontina **   

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201200--
1

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
217022015447
  +----------- Anodontina **   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina **  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini     

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202500--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Cristariina **  

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
217022015445
  +----------- Acuticostini      
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina **       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina **        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina         

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240240039
  +-- Cristariina **  
  |                
  +-- Lampsilini   
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **
  |                
  +-- Quadrulini   

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011621--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201431--
  +-------- Unio_crassus 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontina **   

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201300--
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201411--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202000--
  +-- Anodontina ** 
--+              
  +-- Cristariina **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220119113--
1

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220112103--
  +-------- Cristariina **  
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240120039
  +-------- Cristaria **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **  
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Margaritifera
     +--+                
        +-- Lamprotulini 

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011583--
  +----------- Unionina     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Globunionina 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticostini 
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontina **   

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
230110037
  +----- Sinanodonta **    
--+                     
  |  +-- Cristaria **      
  +--+                  
     +-- Chamberlainiini

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015500--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014411--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012921--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114133--
-- Anemina_harlandi **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113122--
  +----------- Unionina          
  |                              
--+        +-- Middendorffinaiina
  |  +-----+                     
  |  |     +-- Oxynaiina         
  +--+                           
     |  +----- Aculamprotulina   
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Anodontina **        
        +--+                     
           +-- Lepidodesmini     

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Lasmigona_costata **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
-- Anodonta **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini     
--+                
  +-- Alasmidontina **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011331--
     +-- Oxynaiina      
  +--+                  
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Anodontina **     
  +--+                  
     +-- Unionina       

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011311--
  +-- Alasmidontina **
--+                
  +-- Unionini     

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101311--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011531--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Sinanodonta_woodiana **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Pyganodon_grandis **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011552--
-- Anemina_harlandi **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Cristaria_plicata **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011071--
  +----------- Oxynaiina        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontina **       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus     

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Utterbackiana_implicata **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
-- Pyganodon **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Unionini  
--+             
  +-- Anodontina **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101221--
  +-- Cristariina **
--+              
  +-- Unionini   

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011431--
  +-- Anodontina **     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotulina

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101961--
  +-- Anodontina **
--+             
  +-- Unionini  

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014100--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013700--
-- Utterbackiana_suborbiculata **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Utterbackiana_couperiana **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014000--
-- Arcidens_confragosus **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Anodonta_cygnea **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Anodonta **
 
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