MUSSELpdb | superfamily Etherioidea Deshayes, 1832 cladomics

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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

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Bivalvia | Unionida

superfamily ETHERIOIDEA Deshayes, 1832: cladomics
3 families

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 96 (112 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 3
analyzed in 73 cladograms in 41 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 10 (mean = 4.23, median = 4)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 3 (mean = 2.3, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 62
maximum number of included terminals = 10, (mean = 4.81 median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 3 (mean = 2.53, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 61
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 10 (mean = 4.82, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 3 (mean = 2.56, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.93

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	37	34	3	37	36	2	0

  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae **      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria **         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria **        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae **   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria **  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	8	3	191	189	2	43

  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionoidea      
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--+  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Iridininae **      
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Etheriidae **      
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lamproscapha **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	8	3	37	36	2	34

  +----------- Unionoidea   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	8	3	36	35	2	32

  +----------------------- Parreysiinae    
  |                                        
  |           +----------- Pseudodontini   
  |  +--------+                            
--+  |        |  +-------- Rectidentini    
  |  |        +--+                         
  |  |           |  +----- Unioninae       
  |  |           +--+                      
  +--+              |  +-- Gonideini       
     |              +--+                   
     |                 +-- Ambleminae      
     |                                     
     |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Pseudomulleria **  
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Mulleria **        
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Etheria **         
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Iridinidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	6	3	191	189	2	41

           +-- Hyrioidea       
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Unionoidea      
  |                            
--+  +-------- Etheriidae **      
  |  |                         
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae **   
  |  |                         
  +--+     +-- Anodontites **     
     +-----+                   
     |     +-- Iridininae **      
     |                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	10	8	3	189	187	2	43

  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unionoidea      
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--+  +--------+                   
     |  |        +-- Iridininae **      
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Etheriidae **      
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
              +--+                   
                 +-- Lamproscapha **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
10	36	33	3	36	35	2	17

  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria **         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria **        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae **      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria **  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
9	9	7	3	27	26	2	35

  +----------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Etheria **      
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Aspathariinae **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Mulleria **     
              +--+                
                 +-- Mycetopodidae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
8	28	21	3	26	25	2	33

  +-------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae **      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria **         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria **        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae **   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria **  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	2	34	33	2	41

        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Iridininae **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Aspathariinae **
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
7	7	5	2	34	33	2	41

        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aspathariinae **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridininae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	28	26	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	22	20	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	22	20	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	62	60	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	9	7	2	40

  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Unionidae       
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Iridininae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Mycetopodidae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	23	21	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	9	7	2	40

           +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--------+                
  |        +-- Unionoidea   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Iridininae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	74	73	2	38

  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Unionidae       
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Iridininae **      
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Aspathariinae **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Etheriidae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	62	60	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	62	60	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
6	6	4	3	28	26	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea    
--+                            
  |  +----------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Iridininae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Etheriidae **   
           +--+                
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	31	30	2	39

     +----- Aspathariinae **   
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Iridininae **      
  |  +--+                   
--+     +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	3	86	84	2	35

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	3	12	11	2	39

  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Unionini        
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Pleurobemini    
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Anodontini      
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Lampsilini      
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiini     
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Coelaturini     
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Hyrioidea       
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Iridinidae **      
              |  |                      
              +--+  +-- Anodontitinae **   
                 |  |                   
                 +--+-- Mycetopodinae **   
                    |                   
                    +-- Etheriidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	26	25	2	32

  +-------- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	26	25	2	32

  +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+                            
  |  +-------- Unionidae       
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Iridinidae **      
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	3	21	19	2	35

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	3	117	115	2	38

  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unionidae       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mycetopodidae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Iridinidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	2	2	26	25	2	33

  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Amblemini       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Parreysiinae    
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Eurynia         
--+  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Fusconaia       
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Gonideinae      
  |  |                                  
  |  +----------------- Pleurobema      
  |  |                                  
  +--+----------------- Quadrulini      
     |                                  
     |     +----------- Ortmanniana     
     +-----+                            
     |     |  +-------- Glebula         
     |     +--+                         
     |        |  +----- Potamilus       
     |        +--+                      
     |           |  +-- Ligumia         
     |           +--+                   
     |              +-- Toxolasma       
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Cyrtonaias      
     +--+                               
        |  +----------- Unionini        
        +--+                            
           |  +-------- Anodontini      
           +--+                         
              |  +----- Hyrioidea       
              +--+                      
                 |  +-- Iridinidae **      
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Mycetopodidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	3	86	84	2	35

        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	26	25	2	32

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	31	30	2	39

  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unionidae       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Aspathariinae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Iridininae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Mycetopodidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
5	5	3	2	26	25	2	32

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	3	26	23	2	37

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	3	135	133	2	35

                       +-- Chamberlainia   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae
  |                                        
  |              +-------- Hyrioidea       
  +--------------+                         
  |              |  +----- Iridinidae **      
--+              +--+                      
  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  |                 +--+                   
  |                    +-- Etheriidae **      
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Unioninae       
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Rectidentini    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	3	26	23	2	37

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	3	135	133	2	37

  +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+                               
  |  +----------- Unionidae       
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mycetopodidae **   
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Etheriidae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Iridinidae **

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
4	4	2	1	24	24	1	35

  +----- Parreysiinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Iridinidae **  
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	17	16	2	35

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Etheriidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	37	36	2	37

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	54	53	2	38

     +----- Mycetopodidae **   
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Etheriidae **      
  |  +--+                   
--+     +-- Iridinidae **      
  |                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	28	26	2	37

  +----------- Hyrioidea    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionoidea   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Etheriidae **   
        +--+                
           +-- Iridinidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
3	3	1	3	54	53	2	38

        +-- Hyrioidea    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Unionoidea   
--+                      
  |  +----- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Etheriidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	67	66	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Iridinidae **   
     +--+                
        +-- Mycetopodidae **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	4	2	1	--

  +----- Unionoidea
--+                
  |  +-- Etheriidae **
  +--+             
     +-- Iridinidae **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	18	17	1	--

  +----- Unionoidea
--+                
  |  +-- Etheriidae **
  +--+             
     +-- Iridinidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	23	22	2	--

     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	72	72	2	--

     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	40	39	2	--

     +-- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Iridinidae **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	3	0	2	1	1	1	37

  +-- Etheriidae **
  |             
--+-- Iridinidae **
  |             
  +-- Hyrioidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	94	93	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	90	89	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	72	71	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	47	46	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	86	86	2	--

     +-- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Iridinidae **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	54	53	2	--

     +-- Mycetopodidae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Iridinidae **   
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	94	93	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	23	22	2	--

     +-- Iridinidae **   
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea    
  +--+                
     +-- Unionoidea

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	90	89	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	72	71	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea    
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionoidea   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Mycetopodidae **
     +--+                
        +-- Iridinidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
2	2	0	2	84	84	2	--

        +-- Mycetopodidae **   
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Iridinidae **      
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	45	45	2	--

  +-------- Unionidae       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Iridinidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	29	28	2	--

  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	4	3	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Iridinidae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	3	2	--

  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Iridinidae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	4	3	1	--

  +-- Iridinidae **
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	4	3	1	--

  +-- Iridinidae **
--+             
  +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	3	2	--

  +----- Unionidae       
  |                      
--+----- Hyrioidea       
  |                      
  |  +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	3	2	--

  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	5	3	2	--

     +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	29	28	2	--

  +----- Iridinidae **
--+                
  |  +-- Hyrioidea 
  +--+             
     +-- Unionoidea

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

tT	bi	riS	oT	roT	roS	iD
1	1	0	1	4	3	2	--

     +-- Iridinidae **      
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

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