The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae subfamily GONIDEINAE Ortmann, 1916: cladomics
8 genera, 6 tribes Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 176 (207 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 14
analyzed in 281 cladograms in 167 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
135 (mean = 11.74, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
7 (mean = 2.61, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 234
maximum number of included terminals = 135, (mean =
13.9 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
7 (mean = 2.93, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.8 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 159
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 135 (mean = 13.54, median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
7 (mean = 3.36, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.72
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 135 | 582 | 651 | 7 | 497 | 432 | 3 | 0 | +-------------------------------- Lamellidens
|
+-----+ +-- Balwantia
| | +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Trapezidens
| +--+
| | +-------------------------- Leoparreysiini
| | |
| +--+ +----------------------- Pseudomulleria
| | |
| | | +-- Parreysiini
| +--+ +-----------------+
| | | +-- Coelaturini
| | |
| +--+ +-- Pseudoscabies
| | +--------------+
| | | +-- Indonaia
| +--+
| | +-------------- Indochinella
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Radiatula
+--------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | +--+ +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__2 **
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__2
| | +--+
| | | +----- Harmandia
| | +--+
| | | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Scabies
| |
| | +----- Amuranodonta
| | +-----------------------------+
| | | | +-- Anemina
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Buldowskia
| | |
| | | +-- Beringiana
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Pletholophus
| +--+ +-----------------------+
| | | | +----- Mimo
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Acudonta
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | |
| | | +----------------------------- Cristaria
| +--+ |
| | | +----------------- Lepidodesmini
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Lanceolariini
| | | | +--+
| | | +--------+ | | +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
| | | | | | +--+
| | | | | | | +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2
| +--+ | | | +--+
| | | +--+ | +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Globunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Aculamprotulina
| | | +--+
| +--+ | +----- Middendorffinaiina
| | +--+
| | | +-- Unionina
| | +--+
| | +-- Oxynaiina
| |
| | +-------- Pseudodontoideus
--+ | +--------------+
| | | | +----- Lasmigona
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pterosyna
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Arcidens
| |
| | +-------------------- Anodontina
| | |
| | | +-------------- Utterbackia
| | | +--+
| +--+ | | +----------- Pyganodon_grandis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2
| +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1
| | +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_fragilis__3
| |
| | +-------------- Utterbackiana
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Simpsonaias
| | |
| | | +-- Alasminota
| +--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Alasmidonta
| | |
| +--+ +-- Prolasmidonta
| | +--+
| | | +-- Platynaias
| +--+
| | +-- Anodontoides
| +--+
| +-- Strophitus
|
| +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +-------- Pseudunio
| | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Gibbosulinae
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Cumberlandia
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Margaritifera
| | |
| | | +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **
| | | |
| | | +--+ +----------------- Parvasolenaia **
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-------------- Pseudopostolata **
| | | | | |
+--+ | | +--+ +----------- Koreosolenaia **
| | | | |
| | | +--+ +-- Cosmopseudodon **
| | | | +-----+
| | | | | +-- Guiunio **
| | | +--+
| | +--------+ | +----- Ptychorhynchus **
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Obovalis **
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Postolata **
| | | |
| | | | +-- Caudiculatus **
| | | | +--------------+
| | | | | +-- Lamprotulini **
| | | | |
| | | +-----+ +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
+--+ | | |
| | | | +----- Gonidea **
| | +--+ +-----+
| +-----------------------------------------------+ | | | +-- Microcondylaea **
| | | | | +--+
| | | +--+ +-- Leguminaia **
| | | |
| | | | +-------- Inversidens **
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
| | |
| | | +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina **
| | | |
| | | | +-- Lannanaia **
| | +--+ +-----------------------+
| | | | +-- Pilsbryoconcha **
| | | |
| | | | +----- Songkhlanaia_tamodienica **
| | +--+ +-----------------+
| | | | | +-- Songkhlanaia_moreleti **
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__1 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Nyeinchanconcha **
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Sundadontina **
| | | |
+--+ | | +-- Isannaia **
| +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Namkongnaia **
| | +-----------+
| | | | +-- Thaiconcha **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Bineurus **
| |
| | +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei **
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus **
| | |
| | | +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus **
| +--+ +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudodon_mekongi **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Schepmaniini **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis **
| +--+
| +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1 **
|
| +-- Quadrulini
| +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +----- Amblema
+--+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Nephronaias
| | +--+
| | +-- Psoronaias
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Reginaia
| |
| | +----- Popenaias
| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Glebula
| |
| | +----------------------------------------------------------------- Paetulunio
| | |
+--+ | +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum
| | |
| | | +----- Toxolasma_lividum__2
| | | +--------+
| | +--------------------------------------------+ | | +-- Toxolasma_cylindrellus
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Toxolasma_lividum__1
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +-------- Toxolasma_texasiense__2
| | | +--+
| | | | | +----- Toxolasma_glans
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Toxolasma_paulum
| | +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Toxolasma_texasiense__1
| | |
| | | +-------- Toxolasma__4
| | +--+
+--+ | +----- Toxolasma_granulatum
| +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma__2
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma__3
|
| +----- Toxolasma_pullus
| +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Toxolasma_germanum
| | +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma__1
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
| | +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Plectomerus
+--+ |
| | +-------- Potamilus_inflatus
| | +--------+
| | | | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| | | +--+
| | +-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| | | |
+--+ | | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| | |
| | | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | | |
| | +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
+--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +-- Venustaconcha
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Epioblasma
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 71 | 71 | 60 | 5 | 40 | 40 | 1 | 654 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 71 | 71 | 56 | 5 | 46 | 41 | 1 | 660 | +----------- Parreysiinae
|
| +-------- Rectidentini **
--+ |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| | |
| | | +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
+--+ | |
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
| | |
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
| | |
| | +-- Leguminaia **
+--+ |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| |
| +-- Parvasolenaia **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotula_leaii **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lamprotula_caveata **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
+-- Pronodularia **
|
+-- Sinohyriopsis **
|
+-- Chamberlainia **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 68 | 68 | 67 | 4 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 657 | +----------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 59 | 59 | 57 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 678 | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--------+
| +-- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 80 | 72 | 5 | 145 | 106 | 3 | 652 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 127 | 72 | 5 | 145 | 106 | 3 | 642 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Chamberlainia **
| |
| +----------- Megalonaias
| |
| +----------- Uniomerus
| |
--+ +----------- Quadrulina
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+----------- Pseudodontini **
|
+----------- Rectidentini **
|
+----------- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Amblema
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
| |
| +----- Medionidus
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus
+--+
+----- Truncilla
|
+----- Venustaconcha
|
+----- Cambarunio
|
+----- Leaunio
|
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 54 | 125 | 124 | 5 | 144 | 105 | 3 | 648 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 86 | 41 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 3 | 672 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +-------- Unioninae
+--+ |
| | +----- Ambleminae
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 683 | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 48 | 136 | 122 | 5 | 90 | 65 | 3 | 663 | +-------- Chamberlainia **
|
+--------------+ +----- Cumberlandia
| | |
| +--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| | |
| +--+-- Pseudunio
| |
| +-- Margaritifera
|
| +-- Hyriinae
--+ +-----+
| | +-- Velesunioninae
+--------------+
| | +----- Aspathariinae
| +--+
| | +-- Monocondylaeinae
| +--+
| +-- Etheria
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 48 | 84 | 84 | 5 | 90 | 65 | 3 | 660 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 679 | +----------------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 670 | +----------------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +-------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +----------------- Inversidens **
+--+ |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--------------+
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
| | +----- Gonidea **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Leguminaia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-- Koreosolenaia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Postolata **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 672 | +----------------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +-------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +----- Inversidens **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
| | +----- Gonidea **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Leguminaia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-- Koreosolenaia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Postolata **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 678 | +----------------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 676 | +----------------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 677 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 680 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 676 | Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 49 | 39 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 665 | +----- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 674 | +----------- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 58 | 26 | 4 | 48 | 48 | 3 | 686 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+ |
| | +----- Unioninae
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini
|
+-- Ortmanniana
|
+-- Lampsilis
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Quadrulini
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 41 | 39 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 676 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
| +-------- Parreysiinae
--+ +-----+
| | | +----- Unioninae
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Discomya **
|
| +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 695 | +----------------------------- Schepmaniini **
|
--+ +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Inversidens **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotula **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Potomida **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonidea **
| +--------+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-------- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 22 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 690 | +----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__1 **
|
+----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__2 **
--+
| +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Inversidens **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotula **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Potomida **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Gonidea **
| |
+--+----------- Microcondylaea **
|
| +-------- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 681 | +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +----------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 679 | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+ +-------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-- Schepmaniini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 675 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 677 | +-- Schepmaniini **
+--------+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
+--+
| +----- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 673 | +----------- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 677 | +-------------------------- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+ +----------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Inversidens **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonidea **
| +--------+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-------- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 37 | 30 | 5 | 89 | 78 | 3 | 676 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 672 | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 66 | 63 | 5 | 45 | 35 | 2 | 669 | +-------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 66 | 64 | 5 | 45 | 35 | 2 | 670 | +-------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 35 | 33 | 5 | 62 | 45 | 3 | 672 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 680 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 35 | 33 | 5 | 62 | 45 | 3 | 670 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 37 | 32 | 5 | 52 | 41 | 3 | 667 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 5 | 68 | 66 | 1 | 680 | +-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 680 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 681 | +-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
--+-- Potomida **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Pseudodontini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 26 | 5 | 115 | 88 | 3 | 684 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 682 | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 49 | 42 | 4 | 26 | 24 | 1 | 661 | +----- Parreysiinae
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 5 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 681 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 5 | 71 | 65 | 3 | 684 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 5 | 71 | 65 | 3 | 684 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 682 | Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 76 | 65 | 3 | 685 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 68 | 59 | 2 | 685 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 76 | 65 | 3 | 683 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 5 | 34 | 32 | 2 | 682 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 678 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-- Sinosolenaia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| +--------+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 683 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 683 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 5 | 68 | 59 | 2 | 683 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 40 | 33 | 3 | 682 | +-------------- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Unioninae
--+-----------+
| +-- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 40 | 33 | 3 | 686 | +----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Unioninae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 684 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 683 | Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 680 | +-------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 32 | 26 | 2 | 686 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 51 | 2 | 685 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 5 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 687 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 5 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 685 | +----------------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 26 | 16 | 3 | 683 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 49 | 2 | 685 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 49 | 2 | 685 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 56 | 45 | 2 | 684 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 43 | 42 | 3 | 684 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 686 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 686 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 690 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 43 | 42 | 3 | 33 | 31 | 1 | 683 | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 27 | 25 | 3 | 689 | +-- Parreysiinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 42 | 39 | 2 | 683 | +-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 681 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 681 | +----------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 681 | Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 687 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 685 | +-------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
| | +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
| |
+--+ +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__2 **
| |
+--+ +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__1 **
| |
+--+-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__3 **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 684.5 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 686 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 42 | 40 | 2 | 688 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 34 | 32 | 4 | 23 | 22 | 2 | 703 | +----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Oxynaiina
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotulina
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Gibbosulinae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 26 | 24 | 3 | 686 | +-------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +--------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 681 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 46 | 36 | 2 | 685 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 32 | 32 | 2 | 687 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 21 | 11 | 1 | 687 | +----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 683 | Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 686 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 42 | 36 | 3 | 44 | 42 | 2 | 675 | +-------- Quadrulini
|
+-------- Pleurobemini
|
| +-- Amblemini
--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 38 | 32 | 2 | 687 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 34 | 24 | 2 | 683 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 682 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 685 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Obovalis **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 685 | +----- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 25 | 21 | 1 | 685 | +----------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Obovalis **
--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| |
+--+ +-- Inversidens **
| +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 23 | 2 | 685 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 688 | Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 23 | 2 | 685 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 685 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 685 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 26 | 22 | 1 | 688 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 41 | 33 | 2 | 687 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 685 | +-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 685 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 686 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 689 | Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 686 | +----- Potomida **
|
--+ +-- Pronodularia **
| |
| +-- Lamprotula **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 25 | 22 | 2 | 684 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 688 | Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 684 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 686 | +-------------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +--------+
| | +-- Unionini
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 685.5 | Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 33 | 30 | 2 | 688 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 683 | +-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 688 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 683 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 19 | 19 | 1 | 683 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 685 | +----- Chamberlainia **
--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 683 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 30 | 18 | 3 | 684 | +-------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 26 | 2 | 687 | +----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lamprotula **
--+ |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
+--+
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 2 | 683 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 688 | Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 687 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 681 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 12 | 4 | 30 | 18 | 3 | 683 | +----------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 686 | +----------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 686 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 684 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 684 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 686 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 686 | +-- Rectidentini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 684 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 684 | +----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 687 | Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 689 | +----------------- Anodontini
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia
|
| +----- Schistodesmus
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Acuticostini
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 687 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 98 | 96 | 2 | 680 | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 687 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 23 | 17 | 3 | 42 | 20 | 3 | 684 | +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 57 | 57 | 1 | 687 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 43 | 21 | 3 | 687 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 42 | 20 | 3 | 689 | +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 685 | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 57 | 57 | 1 | 687 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 687 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 694 | +-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 684 | Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 7 | 3 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 689 | +----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 25 | 19 | 3 | 43 | 21 | 3 | 682 | +-------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +----- Parreysiinae
| |
| +----- Rectidentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 689 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Obovalis **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 689 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Obovalis **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 687 | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 687 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 687 | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 687 | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 7 | 3 | 685 | +-- Ambleminae
+-----+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 687 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 685 | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 685 | +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 689 | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 7 | 3 | 685 | +-- Ambleminae
+-----+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 687 | Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 687 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 687 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 98 | 96 | 2 | 702 | +-------- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+-------- Unioninae
|
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 686 | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 686 | Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 14 | 2 | 687 | +----------- Cristariina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta
| |
| +-------- Unionini
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta
|
| +----- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Velesunioninae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 692 | +-------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
+--+
+-- Margaritiferinae
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 18 | 1 | 686 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 689 | +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 686 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 686 | +-------------- Cristariina
|
--+ +----------- Alasmidontina
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha
| +--+
| | +-- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 688 | +----------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 686 | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 686 | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 686 | +-------------- Sinanodonta
|
--+ +----------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 691 | +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 688 | +----------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Unionini
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Obovalis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 692 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotulina
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum
+--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | -- | +-- Anodontina
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Unionini
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Cristariina
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2 | -- | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- | +-- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 7 | 3 | -- | Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 15 | 2 | -- | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 687 | +-- Aculamprotulina
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum
|
+-- Anodontini
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri
|
+-- Parreysiinae
|
+-- Pleurobemini
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 | -- | +----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 12 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 21 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | -- | +-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 686 | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 8 | 2 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 13 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | -- | +-------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
|
--+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- | +----------------------- Lamprotulini **
|
--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Unionini
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 8 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 11 | 2 | -- | +----------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Lampsilini
| +-----+
| | +-- Quadrulini
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 4 | 3 | -- | +-------- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 23 | 3 | 698 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-- Amblemini
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma
+--+
| +----- Ligumia
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina
| |
| +-- Lampsilini
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina
|
+-- Quadrulini
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 36 | 31 | 2 | 681 | +-------------- Quadrulina
|
| +----- Lamprotulini **
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Megalonaias
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Amblemini
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 22 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- | +-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 22 | 1 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 688.5 | +----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 62 | 62 | 1 | -- | +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 2 | -- | +----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 104 | 103 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Potomida_littoralis **
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Potomida_littoralis **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- | +----------------------------- Gonideini **
|
--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +-------- Glebula
+--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
+--+
+-- Toxolasma
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 17 | 3 | -- | Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 26 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 17 | 2 | -- | +----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideini **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Megalonaias
| |
| +-- Obliquaria
| |
+--+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
|
+-- Amblema
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Fusconaia
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Aculamprotulina
|
+-- Unionina
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Potomida_littoralis **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 2 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
|
--+-- Unioninae
|
+-- Ambleminae
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 2 | -- | +----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- | +-------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 2 | -- | +----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- | Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Potomida_littoralis **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 17 | 2 | -- | +----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideini **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Megalonaias
| |
| +-- Obliquaria
| |
+--+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
|
+-- Amblema
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Fusconaia
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Unionini
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- | +----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 13 | 2 | -- | +----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 1 | -- | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Unionina
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina
Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | -- | Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- | +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 2 | -- | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae
--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 15 | 2 | -- | +-------- Gonideini **
|
| +-- Elliptio
| |
| +-- Fusconaia
| |
--+ +--+-- Amblemini
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema
| | |
| | +-- Unionini
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Megalonaias
|
+-- Obliquaria
|
+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- | +----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 2 | -- | +-------- Amblemini
|
+-------- Pleurobemini
--+
+-------- Lampsilini
|
| +----- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 2 | -- | +----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 1 | -- | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Unionini
--+
| +----- Acuticostini
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
|
