The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae subfamily GONIDEINAE Ortmann, 1916: cladomics 7 genera, 8 tribes Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 174 (205 total) number of subtaxa (rank: tribe) = 15 analyzed in 265 cladograms in 160 publications maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
72 (mean = 11.33, median = 5) maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
9 (mean = 2.83, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 218 maximum number of included terminals = 72, (mean =
13.56 median = 7) maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
9 (mean = 3.22, median = 3) proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.79 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 150 (Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (tribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family). maximum number of included terminals = 72 (mean = 12.53, median = 7) maximum number of subtaxa (tribe) =
9 (mean = 3.55, median = 3) proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.71
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 42 | 40 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 0 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
| +-------- Parreysiinae
| +-----+
--+ | | +----- Unioninae
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Discomya **
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 81 | 73 | 6 | 145 | 106 | 3 | 98 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 72 | 72 | 61 | 6 | 40 | 40 | 1 | 87 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 72 | 72 | 57 | 6 | 46 | 41 | 1 | 85 |
+----------- Parreysiinae
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
--+ | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| | |
| | | +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
+--+ | |
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__1 **
| | |
| | +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
| | |
| | +-- Leguminaia **
+--+ |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| |
| +-- Parvasolenaia **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotula_leaii **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lamprotula_caveata **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
+-- Pronodularia **
|
+-- Sinohyriopsis **
|
+-- Chamberlainia **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita__2 **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 68 | 68 | 68 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 80 |
+----------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 59 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 |
+-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| | +----- Ctenodesmini **
| +--+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
--+ +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 128 | 73 | 6 | 145 | 106 | 3 | 142 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Chamberlainia **
| |
| +----------- Megalonaias
| |
| +----------- Uniomerus
| |
--+ +----------- Quadrulina
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+----------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--------+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Amblema
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
| |
| +----- Medionidus
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus
+--+
+----- Truncilla
|
+----- Venustaconcha
|
+----- Cambarunio
|
+----- Leaunio
|
| +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 126 | 126 | 6 | 144 | 105 | 3 | 140 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 87 | 42 | 6 | 74 | 74 | 3 | 103 |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Unioninae
| |
| | +----- Ambleminae
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 49 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 49 | 85 | 85 | 6 | 90 | 65 | 3 | 101 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 49 | 137 | 123 | 6 | 90 | 65 | 3 | 148 |
+-------- Chamberlainia **
|
+--------------+ +----- Cumberlandia
| | |
| +--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| | |
| +--+-- Pseudunio
| |
| +-- Margaritifera
|
| +-- Hyriinae
| +-----+
--+ | +-- Velesunioninae
+--------------+
| | +----- Aspathariinae
| +--+
| | +-- Monocondylaeinae
| +--+
| +-- Etheria
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 |
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 59 |
+----------------- Unioninae
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 68 |
+----------------------- Pseudodontini **
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Inversidens **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--------------+
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
| | +----- Gonidea **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Leguminaia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-- Koreosolenaia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Postolata **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 69 |
+----------------------- Pseudodontini **
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
--+ +-----------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Inversidens **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
| | +----- Gonidea **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Leguminaia **
| | +--+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-- Koreosolenaia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Postolata **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 56 |
+----------------- Unioninae
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 |
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 50 | 39 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 70 |
+-------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +----- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 |
+-- Contradentini **
+--------+
| +-- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
+-------------- Chamberlainiini **
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 33 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 |
+-- Contradentini **
+--------+
| +-- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
+----------- Chamberlainiini **
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
+-------------------------- Chamberlainiini **
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
--+ +-----------------+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Inversidens **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonidea **
| +--------+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-------- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 53 |
+----------------------------- Schepmaniini **
|
| +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +----------- Hyriopsis_bialata **
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Rectidens **
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ctenodesmini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Ensidens **
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **
| +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------------------- Inversidens **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotula **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Potomida **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonidea **
| +--------+
| | +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
| +-------- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 59 | 26 | 5 | 48 | 48 | 3 | 80 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Unioninae
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini
|
+-- Ortmanniana
|
+-- Lampsilis
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Quadrulini
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
+-- Schepmaniini **
+-----------+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 23 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
+----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__1 **
|
+----------------------------- Schepmania_nieuwenhuisi__2 **
|
| +-------------------------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +-- Ensidens **
| | |
| | +-- Hyriopsis_desowitzi **
| | |
+--+ +-- Rectidens **
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Hyriopsis_bialata **
| | |
| | +-- Ctenodesmini **
| | |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------------------- Inversidens **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotula **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Potomida **
|
| +-------------- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Gonidea **
| |
+--+----------- Microcondylaea **
|
| +-------- Koreosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Postolata **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 |
+----- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 37 | 30 | 6 | 89 | 78 | 3 | 67 |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +-------------- Unioninae
--+ |
| | +-- Lens **
| | |
| | +-- Ensidens **
+--+ |
| +--------+-- Physunio **
| | |
| | +-- Rectidens **
| | |
+--+ +-- Yaukthwa **
|
| +-------- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 66 | 63 | 6 | 45 | 35 | 2 | 87 |
+-------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 |
+----------------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +-------------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----------- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Ctenodesmini **
+--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 66 | 64 | 6 | 45 | 35 | 2 | 86 |
+-------------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 35 | 33 | 6 | 62 | 45 | 3 | 60 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 35 | 33 | 6 | 62 | 45 | 3 | 60 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 22 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| | +----- Gonideini **
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Schepmaniini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
|
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
--+-- Potomida **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Pseudodontini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 37 | 32 | 6 | 53 | 41 | 3 | 68 |
+-------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------------------- Unioninae
--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 52 |
+----------- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 6 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 49 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 49 | 42 | 4 | 26 | 24 | 1 | 73 |
+----- Parreysiinae
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 6 | 71 | 65 | 3 | 47 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
+-- Contradentini **
--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 6 | 71 | 65 | 3 | 47 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 6 | 76 | 65 | 3 | 46 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 6 | 76 | 65 | 3 | 46 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 20 | 18 | 6 | 69 | 60 | 2 | 52 |
+----------------------------- Ambleminae
|
| +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
| +-----------+ +-- Contradentini **
--+ | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lamprotulini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Inversiunio
| +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini
| |
| | +----- Anodontini
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----------------- Globunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Aculamprotula
| |
+--+ +----------- Unio
| |
+--+ +-- Nodularia
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudocuneopsis
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 6 | 34 | 32 | 2 | 45 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 54 |
+-------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------------------- Unioninae
--+ |
| | +----- Chamberlainia **
| | +--------------+
+--+ | | +-- Sundadontina **
| | +--+
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
+--+ +----- Indopseudodontina **
| +-----------+
| | | +-- Pseudodon **
| | +--+
| | +-- Pilsbryoconcha **
+--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| +--------+
| | +-- Parvasolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 44 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 44 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 6 | 68 | 59 | 2 | 45 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 6 | 40 | 33 | 3 | 36 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Unioninae
+-----------+
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 6 | 40 | 33 | 3 | 38 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Unioninae
| +-----------+
| | +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 6 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 43 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
+-------- Chamberlainiini **
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 51 | 2 | 48 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 49 | 2 | 48 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 60 | 49 | 2 | 48 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 5 | 26 | 16 | 3 | 45.5 |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 47 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 43 | 42 | 3 | 50 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 31 | 28 | 2 | 47 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 56 | 45 | 2 | 47 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 43 | 42 | 3 | 33 | 31 | 1 | 82 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 27 | 25 | 3 | 46 |
+-- Parreysiinae
+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 42 | 39 | 2 | 46 |
+-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 36 |
+----------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 54 |
+-------------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
| | +----- Parvasolenaia_rivularis **
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Parvasolenaia_triangularis **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
| +-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
| |
+--+ +----- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__2 **
| |
+--+ +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__1 **
| |
+--+-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora__3 **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 42 | 40 | 2 | 45 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 |
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 26 | 24 | 3 | 45 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +--------+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 34 | 32 | 4 | 23 | 22 | 2 | 69 |
+----- Prolasmidonta
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotula
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Gibbosulinae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 48.5 |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +----------- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Contradentini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
+-- Ctenodesmini **
--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 21 | 11 | 1 | 44.5 |
+-------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 46 | 36 | 2 | 48 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 31 | 31 | 2 | 47 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 42 | 36 | 3 | 44 | 42 | 2 | 75 |
+-------- Quadrulini
|
+-------- Pleurobemini
|
| +-- Amblemini
--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 47 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 38 | 32 | 2 | 46 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 23 | 2 | 46 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 42 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 22 | 21 | 2 | 47 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 46 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Obovalis **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 42 |
+-------------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 26 | 22 | 1 | 51 |
+-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 46 |
+-------------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-------- Inversidens **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Obovalis **
+--+
+-- Ptychorhynchus **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 9 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 34 | 24 | 2 | 46 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 41 | 33 | 2 | 46 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 60 | 37 | 3 | 47 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 25 | 21 | 1 | 49 |
+----------- Unioninae
|
| +-- Obovalis **
--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
| |
+--+ +-- Inversidens **
| +--+
| | +-- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 23 | 2 | 46 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.5 |
+-- Contradentini **
--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 33 | 30 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 25 | 22 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
+----- Potomida **
|
--+ +-- Pronodularia **
| |
| +-- Lamprotula **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 49 |
+-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 46 |
+-------------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +--------+
| | +-- Unionini
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 19 | 19 | 1 | 45 |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 2 | 45 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 26 | 2 | 43 |
+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lamprotula **
--+ |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
+--+
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
+----- Chamberlainia **
--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 45 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 30 | 18 | 3 | 51 |
+-------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 12 | 4 | 30 | 18 | 3 | 51 |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 44 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 44 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 46 |
+-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Gonideini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 44 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 43 |
+-- Contradentini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 41 |
+----------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 43 |
+----------- Ambleminae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 43 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 46 |
+----------------- Anodontini
|
| +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotula
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia
|
| +----- Schistodesmus
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Acuticostini
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 43 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 57 | 57 | 1 | 42 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 42 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 42 | 20 | 3 | 59 |
+----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 23 | 17 | 3 | 42 | 20 | 3 | 59 |
+----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
+-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 43 | 21 | 3 | 52 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 59 |
+-------------- Unioninae
--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 45 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Obovalis **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 45 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Obovalis **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 48 |
+----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 7 | 3 | 43 |
+-- Ambleminae
+-----+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 43 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 43 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 43 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 42 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 98 | 96 | 2 | 143 |
+-- Chamberlainiini **
+-----+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 7 | 3 | 43 |
+-- Ambleminae
+-----+
| +-- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 57 | 57 | 1 | 42 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 44 |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 1 | 42 |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 43 |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 13 | 2 | 43 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 37 | 17 | 2 | 43 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 18 | 7 | 3 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 58 |
+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 25 | 19 | 3 | 43 | 21 | 3 | 59 |
+-------- Pseudodontini **
|
--+ +----- Parreysiinae
| |
| +----- Contradentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 98 | 96 | 2 | 143 |
+-------- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+-------- Unioninae
|
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 49 |
+-------------- Unioninae
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
+--+
+-- Margaritiferinae
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 43 |
+-------------- Cristariina
|
--+ +----------- Alasmidontina
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis
| |
+--+ +-- Venustaconcha
| +--+
| | +-- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 17 | 1 | 43 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 14 | 2 | 44 |
+----------- Cristariina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta
| |
| +-------- Unionini
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta
|
| +----- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Velesunioninae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 50.5 |
+----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 44 |
+----------------- Sinanodonta
|
--+ +-------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotula
+--+
| +----- Acuticostini
+--+
| +-- Nodularia
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis
Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 41 |
+----------- Ambleminae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Contradentini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 50.5 |
+----------- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 42 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 42 |
+-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 43 |
+----------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Unionini
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Obovalis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 42 |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 15 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 43 |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 11 | 2 | -- |
+----------- Unioninae
|
--+ +-- Lampsilini
| +-----+
| | +-- Quadrulini
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 12 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 45 |
+----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
|
--+----- Ambleminae
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 | -- |
+----------- Unioninae
--+
| +-------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +----- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 13 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Unioninae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+----- Chamberlainiini **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina
| |
| +-- Lampsilini
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina
|
+-- Quadrulini
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 41 | 3 | -- |
+----------------------- Lamprotulini **
|
--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Unionini
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 22 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | -- |
+-- Anodontina
+--------+
| +-- Utterbackia
|
--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae
+--+
| +----- Unionini
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon
+--+
+-- Cristariina
Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
|
--+----- Unioninae
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | 22 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 37 | 3 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 23 | 3 | 54 |
+-------------------------------- Parreysiinae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-- Amblemini
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma
+--+
| +----- Ligumia
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 46 |
+-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotula
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum
+--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 4 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 47 |
+-- Aculamprotula
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum
|
+-- Anodontini
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri
|
+-- Parreysiinae
|
+-- Pleurobemini
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 35 | 30 | 2 | 54 |
+-------------- Quadrulina
|
| +----- Lamprotulini **
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae
|
| +-------- Megalonaias
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Amblemini
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Unioninae
--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 21 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 7 | 3 | -- |
Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Ambleminae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 62 | 62 | 1 | -- |
+-- Pseudodontini **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 17 | 3 | -- |
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 17 | 2 | -- |
+----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideini **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Megalonaias
| |
| +-- Obliquaria
| |
+--+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
|
+-- Amblema
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Fusconaia
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Aculamprotula
|
+-- Unio
Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Potomida_littoralis **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Potomida_littoralis **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- |
+-------- Parreysiinae
--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 2 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
|
--+-- Unioninae
|
+-- Ambleminae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 2 | -- |
+----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Potomida_littoralis **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 103 | 102 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | -- |
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Unionini
--+
| +----- Acuticostini
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 2 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 1 | -- |
+-- Chamberlainiini **
+--------------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
--+
| +-------------- Aculamprotula
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +--------+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Unio
+--+
| +----- Nodularia
+--+
| +-- Cuneopsis
+--+
+-- Schistodesmus
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- |
+----------------------------- Gonideini **
|
--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +-------- Glebula
+--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
+--+
+-- Toxolasma
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 2 | -- |
+----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 13 | 2 | -- |
+----- Ambleminae
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- |
-- Potomida_littoralis **
Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- |
+----- Sinanodonta
--+
| +-- Cristaria
+--+
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 2 | -- |
+----- Parreysiinae
--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 26 | 1 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 2 | -- |
+----- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Ambleminae
--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- |
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 17 | 2 | -- |
+----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideini **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Megalonaias
| |
| +-- Obliquaria
| |
+--+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
|
+-- Amblema
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Fusconaia
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Pleurobema
|
+-- Unionini
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 18 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Amblemini
|
+-------- Pleurobemini
--+
+-------- Lampsilini
|
| +----- Quadrulini
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 15 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Gonideini **
|
| +-- Elliptio
| |
| +-- Fusconaia
| |
--+ +--+-- Amblemini
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema
| | |
| | +-- Unionini
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
+--+
+-- Megalonaias
|
+-- Obliquaria
|
+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 1 | -- |
+-- Gonideini **
--+
+-- Ambleminae
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | -- |
+-- Lamprotulini **
--+
+-- Unioninae
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 17 | 3 | -- |
+----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
|