The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionoida superfamily HYRIOIDEA Swainson, 1840: cladomics 1 family Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 93 (129 total) number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 1 analyzed in 102 cladograms in 54 publications maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
19 (mean = 3.84, median = 3) maximum number of subtaxa (family) =
1 (mean = 1, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 58 maximum number of included terminals = 19, (mean =
6 median = 4.5) maximum number of subtaxa (family) =
1 (mean = 1, median = 1) proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 1
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 78 | 77 | 3 | -- |
+----------------------------------- Hyriidae **
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Etherioidea
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
| | +----------------------- Unioninae
+--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia
+--+
| +----- Gonidea
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea
+--+
+-- Leguminaia
Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 2a_b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 187 | 185 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 187 | 185 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Unionoidea
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 185 | 183 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | -- |
+-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Unioninae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 37 | 36 | 2 | -- |
+-------------------------- Hyriidae **
|
| +-- Etheria
| +--+
--+ | +-- Mulleria
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Mycetopodidae
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Iridinidae
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +----------------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 37 | 36 | 2 | -- |
+----------------- Parreysiinae
|
| +----- Margaritiferidae
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Hyriidae **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Etherioidea
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----- Unioninae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 38 | 37 | 2 | -- |
+-------------------------- Hyriidae **
|
| +-------- Iridinidae
--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Etheria
| | +--+
| | | +-- Mulleria
+--+ +--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
|
| +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-- Gonideini
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 130 | 128 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 18 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 130 | 128 | 2 | -- |
+-- Chamberlainia
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-- Etherioidea
--+--------------------+
| +-- Hyriidae **
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini
+--+
| +----- Gonideini
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 38 | 37 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unionoidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 18 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Unionoidea
--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
+-- Unionoidea
--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Santos-Neto et al., 2016 [Publ 3739], fig. 3_5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | -- |
+-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Unionidae
|
+-- Hyriidae **
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 2 | -- |
+-------------------- Hyriidae **
|
| +-------- Iridinidae
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Etheria
| | +--+
| | | +-- Mulleria
+--+ +--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae
| |
+--+ +----------- Pseudomulleria
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae
| |
+--+----- Unionini
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Santos-Neto et al., 2018 [Publ 3888], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 36 | 35 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unionoidea
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------------- Amblemini
| |
| +-------------- Parreysiinae
| |
| +-------------- Eurynia
--+ |
| +-------------- Fusconaia
| |
| +-------------- Gonideinae
| |
| +-------------- Pleurobema
| |
+--+-------------- Quadrulini
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana
+--+
| | +-------- Glebula
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----------- Cyrtonaias
+--+
| +-------- Unionini
+--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 36 | 35 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 36 | 35 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Klunzinger et al., 2022 [Publ 4259], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- |
+-- Unionoidea
--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 12 | 2 | -- |
+-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini
--+ +--+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini
|
| +-------- Parreysiini
+--+
| +----- Coelaturini
+--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 32 | 31 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Hyriidae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionidae
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 32 | 31 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Etherioidea
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 28 | 26 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 88 | 86 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 29 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 23 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Olivera-Hyde et al., 2020 [Publ 4249], fig. 10 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 65 | 63 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Hyriidae **
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 23 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 24 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 29 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 88 | 86 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 65 | 63 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 1 | -- |
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 65 | 63 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 120 | 118 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Hyriidae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionidae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 22 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 90 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 45 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Unionidae
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Etherioidea
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 73 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 23 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+----- Unionidae
|
--+----- Hyriidae **
|
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 54 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 94 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Hyriidae **
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 55 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Etherioidea
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 94 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 1 | -- |
+----------- Cristariina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta
| |
| +-------- Unionini
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta
|
| +----- Ambleminae
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini
|
+-- Chamberlainiini
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+-- Etherioidea
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unionidae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 55 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unionidae
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+-- Etherioidea
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unionidae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 72 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 22 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 23 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 73 | 72 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 1 | -- |
+----- Unionidae
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Hyriidae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 87 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 36 | 36 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 85 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Etherioidea
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 40 | 2 | -- |
+----- Etherioidea
--+
| +-- Hyriidae **
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 37 | 1 | -- |
+-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------- Unioninae
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilini
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae **
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
+--+
+-- Quadrulini
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+-------- Hyriidae **
--+
| +----- Unionidae
+--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 47 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 1 | -- |
+-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Hyriidae **
|
+-- Unionidae
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 90 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 67 | 2 | -- |
+----- Hyriidae **
--+
| +-- Etherioidea
+--+
+-- Unionoidea
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- |
+-- Hyriidae **
--+
+-- Unionoidea
Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2 | iT | tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- |
+-- Etheriidae
|
--+-- Iridinidae
|
+-- Hyriidae **
|