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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Margaritiferidae

subfamily MARGARITIFERINAE Henderson, 1929: cladomics
     3 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 11 (32 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 3
analyzed in 268 cladograms in 153 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 13 (mean = 2.82, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.6, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 154
maximum number of included terminals = 13, (mean = 4.16 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.05, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.87

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 43
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 13 (mean = 7.77, median = 9)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.91, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.7

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111513315410
  +----------- Pseudunio_marocanus **      
  |                                     
  |        +-- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
--+        |                            
  |  +-----+-- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
  |  |     |                            
  +--+     +-- Pseudunio_homsensis **      
     |                                  
     |  +----- Gibbosulinae             
     +--+                               
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **             
        +--+                            
           +-- Margaritifera **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13139333113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111193173111
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111931293111
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111931882111
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Margaritifera **           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **            
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudunio **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1114123621314
  +-------- Pseudunio **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Gibbosulinae 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111731902111
  +-------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
  |                                 
--+  +----- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  |  |                              
  +--+  +-- Cumberlandia **            
     |  |                           
     +--+-- Pseudunio **               
        |                           
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111731902111
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Cumberlandia **            
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Pseudunio **               
        +--+                           
           +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111193173111
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10119311113
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108331112
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108331112
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1012103242112
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1012103592110
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1012103592110
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1012103592112
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101083242112
  +----------- Gibbosula_rochechouartii
--+                                    
  |  +-------- Gibbosula_laosensis     
  +--+                                 
     |  +----- Margaritifera **           
     +--+                              
        |  +-- Cumberlandia **            
        +--+                           
           +-- Pseudunio **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101083192114
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
91083671112
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Gibbosulinae 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
91083671114
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
91083211112
  +-------- Pseudunio **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
910831301112
  +-------- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
91083211112
  +-------- Pseudunio **    
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Gibbosulinae 
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
910731301111
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                   
--+  +-- Gibbosulinae 
  |  |                
  +--+-- Pseudunio **    
     |                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
88632008
  +-------- Pseudunio_marocanus **   
--+                               
  |  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius **
  +--+                            
     |  +-- Cumberlandia **          
     +--+                         
        +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885310016
  +----------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |                                       
  |     +----- Margaritifera_dahurica__1 **  
  |     |                                 
  +-----+----- Margaritifera_dahurica__2 **  
--+     |                                 
  |     |  +-- Pseudunio **                  
  |     +--+                              
  |        +-- Cumberlandia **               
  |                                       
  |  +-------- Margaritifera_falcata **      
  +--+                                    
     |  +----- Margaritifera_laevis **       
     +--+                                 
        |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi ** 
        +--+                              
           +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886310012
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886310012
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886320010
  +----- Pseudunio_auricularius__1 **
  |                               
--+----- Pseudunio_auricularius__2 **
  |                               
  |  +-- Cumberlandia **             
  +--+                            
     +-- Margaritifera **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775350011
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Cumberlandia **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
773350014
  +-------- Margaritifera_dahurica **        
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
  |                                       
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |                                       
--+-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__3 **
  |                                       
  |     +-- Pseudunio **                     
  +-----+                                 
  |     +-- Cumberlandia **                  
  |                                       
  |  +----- Margaritifera_falcata **         
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **    
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_marrianae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775310013
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774340010
  +-- Pseudunio **    
  |                
--+-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643351114
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643300012
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643351114
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643851112
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Pseudunio **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643851112
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Margaritifera **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Cumberlandia **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
662320018
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera **  
  |                                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia **                 
--+  |                                   
  |  |  +-- Pseudunio **                    
  |  |  |                                
  +--+  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **       
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__1 **
     |  |                                
     |  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi__2 **
     +--+                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__1 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__2 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__3 **     
        |                                
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata__4 **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533682113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553352113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533801113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533682113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533681113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533511113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533902113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533902113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533632113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533371113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533821113
  +-------- Gibbosulinae 
--+                      
  |  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Pseudunio **    
     +--+                
        +-- Margaritifera **

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4422340012
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
45011131114
  +-- Gibbosulinae               
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_dahurica **     
  |                              
--+-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_laevis **       
  |                              
  +-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4422350014
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4401320014
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32242190030
  +----------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                               
  +----------- None__2            
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera **      
--+                               
  |  +-------- None__1            
  |  |                            
  |  |  +----- Anodontina         
  |  |  |                         
  |  |  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  +--+  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Utterbackia        
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Megalonaias        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Obliquaria         
        |  |                      
        +--+-- Theliderma         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus          
           |                      
           +-- Amblema            
           |                      
           +-- Elliptio           
           |                      
           +-- Fusconaia          
           |                      
           +-- Plectomerus        
           |                      
           +-- Pleurobema         
           |                      
           +-- Unionini

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312110014
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312410013
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
32232190030
  +-------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                            
  +-------- None__1            
  |                            
  +-------- None__2            
  |                            
  +-------- Margaritifera **      
  |                            
--+  +----- Anodontina         
  |  |                         
  |  |  +-- Gonideinae         
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |  |                      
  |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
  +--+  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Megalonaias        
     |  |                      
     |  +-- Obliquaria         
     |  |                      
     +--+-- Theliderma         
        |                      
        +-- Quadrula           
        |                      
        +-- Uniomerus          
        |                      
        +-- Amblema            
        |                      
        +-- Elliptio           
        |                      
        +-- Fusconaia          
        |                      
        +-- Plectomerus        
        |                      
        +-- Aculamprotulina    
        |                      
        +-- Unionina

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311130013
1

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100013
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312450013
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312431113
  +----- Gibbosulinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312451113
  +----- Gibbosulinae 
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
31952160028
  +----------- Cumberlandia **       
  |                               
  +----------- Margaritifera **      
  |                               
  |  +-------- Gonideinae         
--+  |                            
  |  |     +-- Elliptio           
  |  |     |                      
  |  |     +-- Fusconaia          
  |  |     |                      
  +--+  +--+-- Amblemini          
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Pleurobema         
     |  |  |                      
     |  |  +-- Unionini           
     |  |                         
     |  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
     +--+  |                      
        |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Utterbackia        
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
        |  |                      
        |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
        +--+                      
           +-- Megalonaias        
           |                      
           +-- Obliquaria         
           |                      
           +-- Theliderma         
           |                      
           +-- Quadrula           
           |                      
           +-- Uniomerus

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313440013
  +----- Pseudunio **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Margaritifera **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312410013
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313190013
  +----- Pseudunio **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
     +-- Cumberlandia **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313190015
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudunio **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331330015
  +----- Margaritifera **
--+                   
  |  +-- Pseudunio **    
  +--+                
     +-- Cumberlandia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312290013
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331310015
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritifera **
  +--+                
     +-- Pseudunio **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312350013
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312370013
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312240013
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312250013
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220112000--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022300--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202100--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Pseudunio **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022600--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013211--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024500--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024400--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22015500--
1

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011700--
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22015100--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201900--
1

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011400--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022400--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012100--
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022100--
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011700--
1

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023400--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021700--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22018900--
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013500--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027900--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021911--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22018900--
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013700--
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021500--
  +-- Pseudunio **    
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220210000--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201700--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011200--
1

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220210000--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21501140027
  +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
  |                                             
--+           +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
  |  +--------+                                 
  |  |        +-- Margaritifera_falcata **         
  +--+                                          
     |  +-------- Unioninae                     
     |  |                                       
     +--+     +-- Pleurobemini                  
        |  +--+                                 
        |  |  +-- Gonideinae                    
        +--+                                    
           |  +-- Lampsilini                    
           +--+                                 
              +-- Quadrulini

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022800--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22017300--
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024300--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Pseudunio **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Pseudunio **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012900--
1

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202100--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Pseudunio **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023200--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201400--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011200--
1

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022300--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012500--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201800--
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022900--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024500--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011211--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23402320045
  +----------------- Cumberlandia **   
  |                                 
--+----------------- Margaritifera **  
  |                                 
  |  +-------------- Unioninae      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Sinosolenaia   
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Chamberlainiini
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
              +--+                  
                 +-- Ambleminae

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22024400--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22015500--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013100--
1

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011900--
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23402320045
  +-------- Cumberlandia **   
  |                        
  +-------- Margaritifera **  
--+                        
  |  +----- Unioninae      
  |  |                     
  |  |  +-- Ptychorhynchus 
  +--+  |                  
     |  +-- Chamberlainiini
     |  |                  
     +--+-- Lamprotulini   
        |                  
        +-- Sinosolenaia   
        |                  
        +-- Ambleminae

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023400--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013100--
1

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012900--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022700--
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201500--
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201600--
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011000--
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021800--
  +-- Pseudunio **   
--+               
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22015100--
1

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22025211--
  +----- Gibbosulinae
--+                  
  |  +-- Pseudunio **   
  +--+               
     +-- Cumberlandia **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023800--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Cumberlandia **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013400--
1

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011800--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012111--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11016311--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014311--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019411--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015500--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011500--
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015600--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110110400--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Margaritifera **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011700--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014511--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014411--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014011--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014611--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013311--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013011--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014011--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011800--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014511--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101711--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013500--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011700--
-- Pseudunio_auricularius **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011600--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Pseudunio_homsensis **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Margaritifera_middendorffi **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012111--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012900--
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011300--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101300--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014311--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11016411--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
  +-- Margaritifera **
--+                
  +-- Gibbosulinae

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101600--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014811--
-- Margaritifera_dahurica **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013000--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011100--
-- Margaritifera_hembeli **

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014611--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101900--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Cumberlandia_monodonta **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015211--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014711--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013500--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012700--
-- Margaritifera_margaritifera **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012200--
-- Pseudunio_marocanus **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014411--
  +-- Gibbosulinae 
--+                
  +-- Margaritifera **
 
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