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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family MYCETOPODIDAE Gray, 1840: cladomics
     4 subfamilies

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 53 (55 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 4
analyzed in 61 cladograms in 34 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 11 (mean = 2.28, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 1.67, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 37
maximum number of included terminals = 11, (mean = 3.11 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 2.11, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.86

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 36
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 11 (mean = 3, median = 2.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 3 (mean = 2.11, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.86

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41083196620
           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheriidae      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111210362110215
  +----------------------------- Iridininae             
  |                                                     
--+  +-------------------------- Aspathariinae          
  |  |                                                  
  +--+  +----------------------- Etheria                
     |  |                                               
     +--+  +-------------------- Anodontites_trapesialis **
        |  |                                            
        +--+  +----------------- Mulleria               
           |  |                                         
           +--+  +-------------- Lamproscapha **           
              |  |                                      
              +--+           +-- Monocondylaea **          
                 |  +--------+                          
                 |  |        +-- Tamsiella **              
                 +--+                                   
                    |  +-------- Mycetopodinae **          
                    |  |                                
                    +--+     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis **
                       |  +--+                          
                       |  |  +-- Fossula **                
                       +--+                             
                          |  +-- Anodontites_trigona **    
                          +--+                          
                             +-- Anodontites_elongata **

Martínez et al., 2026 [Publ 4820], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775290013
  +----------- Anodontites_trapesialis **
  |                                   
--+        +-- Anodontites_trigona **    
  |  +-----+                          
  |  |     +-- Anodontites_elongata **   
  +--+                                
     |  +----- Anodontites_guanarensis **
     +--+                             
        |  +-- Anodontites_tortilis **   
        +--+                          
           +-- Mycetopodinae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532362110
  +----------------- Aspathariinae          
--+                                         
  |  +-------------- Iridininae             
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Anodontites_trapesialis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Monocondylaea **          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Lamproscapha **           
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodontites_elongata **   
              +--+                          
                 +-- Fossula **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55321362110
  +----------------- Iridininae             
--+                                         
  |  +-------------- Aspathariinae          
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Anodontites_trapesialis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Monocondylaea **          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Lamproscapha **           
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodontites_elongata **   
              +--+                          
                 +-- Fossula **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532362110
  +----------------- Iridininae             
--+                                         
  |  +-------------- Aspathariinae          
  +--+                                      
     |  +----------- Anodontites_trapesialis **
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Monocondylaea **          
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Lamproscapha **           
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodontites_elongata **   
              +--+                          
                 +-- Fossula **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41063196624
  +-------- Etheriidae      
  |                         
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  |                         
--+     +-- Anodontites **     
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Iridininae      
  |                         
  |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Lamproscapha **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4422325212
  +-------------- Iridininae      
--+                               
  |  +----------- Etheria         
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Mulleria        
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodontitinae **   
           +--+                   
              +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41083194620
           +-- Anodontites **     
  +--------+                   
  |        +-- Iridininae      
  |                            
--+        +-- Etheriidae      
  |  +-----+                   
  |  |     +-- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Lamproscapha **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282111
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282111
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3302282111
  +----- Iridinidae             
  |                             
--+  +-- Anodontites_guanarensis **
  |  |                          
  +--+-- Anodontites_trigona **    
     |                          
     +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312315211
  +----------- Iridinidae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheria         
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mulleria        
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312447211
  +----------- Iridinidae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheria         
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Mulleria        
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312447211
  +-------- Etheriidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridinidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312437211
  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
--+                               
  |  +----------- Mulleria        
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Etheria         
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Iridinidae      
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
           +--+                   
              +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282111
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312282111
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Anodontitinae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312437211
  +-------- Etheriidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridinidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028932--
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22028932--
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22027842--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Mycetopodinae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021342--
  +----------- Aspathariinae   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Iridininae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023431--
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridininae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026642--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022432--
  +-------- Iridinidae      
--+                         
  |  +----- Etheriidae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023242--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023431--
  +-------- Aspathariinae   
--+                         
  |  +----- Iridininae      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Mycetopodinae **   
     +--+                   
        +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021342--
  +----------- Aspathariinae   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Etheriidae      
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Iridininae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220212032--
     +-- Anodontitinae **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Mycetopodinae **
--+                   
  |  +-- Etheriidae   
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026642--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022742--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22026642--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22023242--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022642--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Anodontitinae **   
        +--+                   
           +-- Monocondylaeinae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022642--
  +----------- Iridininae      
--+                            
  |  +-------- Aspathariinae   
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Etheriidae      
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
        +--+                   
           +-- Anodontitinae **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2402153210.5
  +----- Iridinidae   
  |                   
--+  +-- Anodontitinae **
  |  |                
  +--+-- Mycetopodinae **
     |                
     +-- Etheriidae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019511--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013922--
  +----- Etheriidae   
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontitinae **
  +--+                
     +-- Iridinidae

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013022--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012932--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113732--
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Etheriidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11016811--
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018711--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012932--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014811--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011922--
  +----- Iridinidae      
--+                      
  |  +-- Monocondylaeinae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Etheriidae

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015511--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113732--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019111--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019511--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014111--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017311--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017311--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11018511--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11015622--
  +----- Monocondylaeinae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Etheriidae      
  +--+                   
     +-- Iridinidae

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012411--
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012411--
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11017311--
  +-- Iridinidae   
--+                
  +-- Anodontitinae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11019111--
  +-- Anodontitinae **
--+                
  +-- Iridinidae
 
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