The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae tribe POPENAIADINI Heard & Guckert, 1970: cladomics
9 genera Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 59 (59 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 9
analyzed in 42 cladograms in 26 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
8 (mean = 1.81, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) =
4 (mean = 1.38, median = 1) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 11
maximum number of included terminals = 8, (mean =
4.09 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) =
4 (mean = 2.45, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.64 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 11
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 8 (mean = 4.09, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) =
4 (mean = 2.45, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.64
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | +----- Pachynaias
+--+
| | +-- Sphenonaias **
| +--+
--+ +-- Cyrtonaias
|
| +----- Popenaias **
+--+
| +-- Nephronaias **
+--+
+-- Psoronaias **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 89 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +----------- Pleurobemini
| |
+--+ +-- Plectomerus
| +-----+
| | +-- Reginaia
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Amblema
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 20 | 11 | 3 | 18 | 18 | 3 | 18 | +-------------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +----------------------- Reginaia
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Amblema
| |
| | +-- Popenaias **
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Psoronaias **
| |
+--+ +-- Glebula
| +-----------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
| |
+--+ +----------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Ortmanniana
+--+ |
| +----- Epioblasma
| |
| +----- Lampsilis
| |
+--+----- Ligumia
|
+----- Cambarunio
|
+----- Pachynaias
|
| +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata
+--+
+-- Sphenonaias **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 19 | 21 | 3 | 17 | 17 | 3 | 20 | +----------------------------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-------------------------------------- Reginaia
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------- Amblema
| |
+--+ +-- Popenaias **
| +-----------------------------+
| | +-- Psoronaias **
+--+
| +----------------------------- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Ligumia
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pachynaias
| |
| | +-- Epioblasma
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
+--+ +-- Ortmanniana
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis
+--+
| +-------- Cambarunio
+--+
| +----- Sphenonaias_microdon__2 **
+--+
| +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata
+--+
+-- Sphenonaias_microdon__1 **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 19 | 18 | 3 | 28 | 27 | 4 | 16 | +----------------------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Amblemini
| |
| | +-- Popenaias **
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Psoronaias **
| |
+--+ +-- Cyrtonaias_tampicoensis
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Glebula
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +--------------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-------------- Pachynaias
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias_explicata
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Sphenonaias **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 13 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-------- Amblemini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Psoronaias **
+--+
+-- Popenaias **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 26 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-------- Amblemini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Psoronaias **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 13 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini
| +-----+
| | +-- Amblemini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Psoronaias **
+--+
+-- Popenaias **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 26 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-------- Amblemini
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Psoronaias **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 9 | 4 | -- | +-- Nephronaias **
--+
+-- Popenaias **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 4 | -- | +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| | +-- Nephronaias **
| +--+
--+ +-- Popenaias **
|
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
+--+
+-- Quadrulini
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 4 | -- | +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| | +-- Nephronaias **
| +--+
--+ +-- Popenaias **
|
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
+--+
+-- Quadrulini
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 103 | 81 | 4 | -- | +-------- Reginaia
|
+-------- Amblema
|
| +-- Quadrulini
+-----+
| +-- Pleurobemini
--+
| +----- Popenaias **
| |
| | +-- Dromus
| | |
| | +-- Epioblasma
| | |
+--+ +-- Glebula
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_virescens
| |
| +-- Lemiox
+--+
+-- Obliquaria
|
+-- Obovaria_olivaria
|
+-- Obovaria_unicolor
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Potamilus_alatus
|
+-- Potamilus_capax
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 15 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 51 | 11 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 72 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +----------- Pleurobemini
| |
+--+ +-- Plectomerus
| +-----+
| | +-- Reginaia
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Amblema
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 40 | 3 | -- | +-------------------------------------- Quadrulini
|
| +-- Amblema
--+ +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Reginaia
| |
+--+ +-------------------------------- Plectomerus
| |
| | +----------------------------- Toxolasma
+--+ |
| | +----- Popenaias **
| | +--------------------+
+--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Obliquaria
| |
| | +-- Medionidus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lemiox
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Cyprogenia
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| |
+--+ +-------- Potamilus
| +--------+
| | | +----- Atlanticoncha
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ellipsaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Truncilla
|
| +-- Hamiota
| +-----------+
| | +-- Villosa
| |
+--+ +----------- Ligumia
| |
| | +----- Venustaconcha
+--+ +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
+-- Lampsilis
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 41 | 4 | -- | +----------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-------------- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +-- Popenaias **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Amblema
| |
+--+ +-------- Plectomerus
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+-----+
| +-- Reginaia
|
| +----- Lemiox
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Obovaria
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 9 | 3 | -- | +-------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 25 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini
+--+
+-- Popenaias **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 16 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 11 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 54 | 3 | -- | +----- Pleurobemini
|
--+ +-- Amblemini
| |
+--+-- Popenaias **
|
+-- Lampsilini
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 16 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 13 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 53 | 3 | -- | +-------- Lampsilini
--+
| +----- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-- Amblemini
+--+
+-- Popenaias **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 14 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 41 | 4 | -- | +-------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +----------------- Pleurobemini
| |
+--+ +-- Reginaia
| +-----------+
| | +-- Amblema
+--+
| +----------- Popenaias **
| |
+--+ +-------- Cyrtonaias
| |
+--+-------- Plectomerus
|
| +----- Lemiox
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Obovaria
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 42 | 4 | -- | +-------------------------------- Quadrulini
|
| +-------------- Elliptoideus
| +--------------+
| | | +----------- Plectomerus
--+ | +--+
| | | +-------- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lemiox
|
| +-------- Cyrtonaias
| +-----------------+
| | | +----- Reginaia
| | +--+
| | | +-- Popenaias **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Amblema
|
| +----------------------- Elliptio
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Eurynia
| |
| | +----------------- Parvaspina
+--+ |
| | +-- Hemistena
| +--------------+
+--+ +-- Plethobasus
|
| +-------------- Pleuronaia
| |
| | +-- Pleurobema_cordatum
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Fusconaia
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobema_stabile
| +-----+
| | +-- Pleurobema_sintoxia
+--+
| +----- Pleurobema_decisum
+--+
| +-- Pleurobema_clava
+--+
+-- Pleurobema_pyriforme
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90 | 16 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 41 | 4 | -- | +-------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +----------------- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +-- Popenaias **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Amblema
| |
+--+ +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--------+
| | +-- Reginaia
+--+
| +-------- Plectomerus
+--+
| +----- Lemiox
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis
+--+
+-- Obovaria
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 19 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-------- Amblema
+--+
| +----- Plectomerus
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 94 | 16 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 40 | 3 | -- | +----------- Amblema
|
--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus
+--+
| +----- Popenaias **
+--+
| +-- Cyrtonaias
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 19 | 4 | -- | +-------------- Quadrulini
--+
| +----------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +-------- Amblema
+--+
| +----- Plectomerus
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 4 | -- | +----------- Toxolasma
+--+
| | +-------- Popenaias **
| +--+
| | +----- Amblemini
| +--+
--+ | +-- Quadrulini
| +--+
| +-- Pleurobemini
|
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +-----+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ornata
+--+
| +----- Venustaconcha
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 89 | 4 | -- | +-------------------------- Quadrulini
|
| +----------------------- Pleurobemini
--+ |
| | +----- Popenaias **
| | +--------------+
| | | | +-- Amblema
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Reginaia
| |
| | +-- Plectomerus
| | +--------------+
+--+ | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +----- Obliquaria
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Cyrtonaias
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Glebula
| | |
+--+ | +----------- Sagittunio
| | |
| | +----------- Leaunio
| | |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | | +-- Ellipsaria
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 14 | 4 | -- | +----------- Quadrulini
--+
| +-------- Pleurobemini
+--+
| +----- Amblemini
+--+
| +-- Popenaias **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 72 | 72 | 4 | -- | +----------------------------------- Quadrulini
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Pleurobemini
| |
| | +-- Amblema
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Reginaia
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Popenaias **
| |
| | +-- Glebula
+--+ +--------------------+
| | +-- Paetulunio
| |
+--+ +-- Toxolasma
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Plectomerus
| |
+--+ +----------------- Obliquaria
| |
| | +----- Potamilus
+--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------- Lampsilis_ovata
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilis_virescens
| |
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_olivaria
+--+
+-- Venustaconcha
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 32 | 4 | -- | +-------------------------- Quadrulini
|
| +----------------------- Plectomerus
--+ |
| | +-------------------- Popenaias **
| | |
| | +-------------------- Pleurobemini
+--+ |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| | +--+
| | | +-- Glebula
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Reginaia
+--+ +--+
| +-- Obliquaria
|
| +----------------- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------- Potamilus
| | |
| | | +-- Ellipsaria
| | +-----------+
+--+ | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Medionidus
| +--------+
| | | +-- Lemiox
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Dromus
|
| +----------- Cambarunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Villosa
| |
| | +-- Sagittunio
| +--------+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
+-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea
|
