The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 subfamilies, 33 genera Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 816 (1078 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 38
analyzed in 552 cladograms in 303 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
160 (mean = 20.98, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.89, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 530
maximum number of included terminals = 160, (mean =
21.81 median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.93, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.93 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 190
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 160 (mean = 30.93, median = 20)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 2.91, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 45 | 39 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
--+ | | +-------- Contradentini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Hyriidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +-------- Mulleria
+--+
| +----- Etheria
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
+--+
+-- Iridinidae
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 160 | 160 | 98 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 178 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| | +----------- Chamberlainia **
--+ | |
| | +----------- Megalonaias **
| | |
| | +----------- Uniomerus **
| | |
+--+ +----------- Quadrulina **
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+----------- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--------+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
+----- Truncilla **
|
+----- Venustaconcha **
|
+----- Cambarunio **
|
+----- Leaunio **
|
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 160 | 160 | 143 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 182 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 158 | 158 | 156 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 175 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 125 | 125 | 72 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 148 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Unioninae **
| |
| | +----- Ambleminae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 114 | 114 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 135 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 137 | 123 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 152.5 | +-- Chamberlainia **
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Hyriidae
+--------------+
| | +----- Iridinidae
--+ +--+
| | +-- Mycetopodidae
| +--+
| +-- Etheriidae
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 113 | 113 | 98 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 152 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 112 | 112 | 100 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 110 | 110 | 92 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 140 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-- Lens **
| | |
| | +-- Ensidens **
+--+ |
| +--------+-- Physunio **
| | |
| | +-- Rectidens **
| | |
+--+ +-- Yaukthwa **
|
| +-------- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 103 | 103 | 62 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 202 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 128 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 131 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-------- Unioninae **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 82 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 81 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 84 | 84 | 80 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 84 | 84 | 82 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 83 | 83 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Unioninae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 79 | 79 | 77 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 114 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Contradentini **
+--+ | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lamprotulini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Inversiunio **
| +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini **
| |
| | +----- Anodontini **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
|
| +----------------- Globunio **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +----------- Unio **
| |
+--+ +-- Nodularia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 112 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 67 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 68 | 69 | 63 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 95 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 64 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 86 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 63 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 88 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 64 | 64 | 62 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 99 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 96 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 96 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 55 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 49 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 59 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 57 | 57 | 55 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 91 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 57 | 48 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 86 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 50 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 52 | 52 | 50 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 50 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 92 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 87 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 39 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 90 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 88 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 47 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Ambleminae **
|
--+----- Gonideinae **
|
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 85 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 47 | 49 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 94 | +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 47 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 82 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 82 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Parreysiinae **
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Discomya **
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 51 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 93 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana **
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria **
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina **
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 77 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 83 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 77 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 39 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 33 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 29 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 33 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 72 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 | +----- Prolasmidonta **
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta **
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotula **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias **
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon **
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 31 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 67 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae **
|
| +-------- Megalonaias **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Cumberlandia
|
+-------- Margaritifera
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
| |
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +----------------- Cumberlandia
|
--+----------------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 69 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 36 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 69 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Ambleminae **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 67 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 70 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 64 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 26 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 33 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
+--+
| +----- Ligumia **
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 34 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----- Contradentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 21 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 27 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 28 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Amblemini **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-------- Lampsilini **
|
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----------------- Sinanodonta **
|
--+ +-------------- Cristaria **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--------+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Nodularia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 45.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Amblemini **
| |
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----------------- Eurynia **
--+ |
| +----------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------- Gonideinae **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+----------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Glebula **
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma **
|
| +-------------- Cyrtonaias **
+--+
| +----------- Unionini **
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Hyriidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 64 | +-------------------- Margaritiferinae
|
| +----------------- Anodontini **
--+ |
| | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotula **
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Acuticostini **
Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------- Etheriidae
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+----- Unionini **
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Unionini **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Glebula **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Toxolasma **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Unio **
Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | +-- Gonideinae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----------- Cristariina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta **
| |
| +-------- Unionini **
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina **
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +-- Gonideinae **
+--------------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+
| +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +-------- Unio **
+--+
| +----- Nodularia **
+--+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 59 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-------- Anodontini **
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +----------- Cumberlandia
|
+----------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------- Gonideinae **
--+ |
| | +-- Elliptio **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia **
| | |
+--+ +--+-- Amblemini **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Unionini **
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
+-- Megalonaias **
|
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Lanceolariini **
+-----+
| +-- Unionini **
--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 55 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Quadrulini **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
|
--+ +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
| +--------+
| | +-- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Lampsilini **
|
+----- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------------- Unioninae **
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 35 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-- Anodontina **
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Utterbackia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon **
+--+
+-- Cristariina **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +----- Amblemini **
+--+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Obliquaria **
| |
| +----- None
+--+
+----- Popenaiadini **
|
| +-- Glebula **
+--+
+-- Cyrtonaias **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +----- Anodontini **
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 53 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
|
+-------- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Trigoniidae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-------------- Cristariina **
--+
| +----------- Alasmidontina **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Anodontina **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
+--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Unionini **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 56.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------------- Parreysiini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Coelaturini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Hyriidae
| |
+--+ +----- Iridinidae
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontitinae
| |
+--+-- Mycetopodinae
|
+-- Etheriidae
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Gonideinae **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46.5 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Ambleminae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Unionini **
| |
+--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- None__1
+--+
| +-- None__2
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------- Cristaria **
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +----- Sinanodonta **
--+
| +-- Cristaria **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 45.5 | +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Hyriidae
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
|
