The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!
Search the database pages:
Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 subfamilies, 32 genera Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 794 (1056 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 37
analyzed in 563 cladograms in 312 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
162 (mean = 21.12, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.89, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 541
maximum number of included terminals = 162, (mean =
21.94 median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.93, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.94 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 193
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 162 (mean = 31.06, median = 20)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 2.9, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.85
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 45 | 39 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
--+ | | +-------- Contradentini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Hyriidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +-------- Mulleria
+--+
| +----- Etheria
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
+--+
+-- Iridinidae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 15 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 162 | 162 | 100 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 180 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| | +----------- Chamberlainia **
--+ | |
| | +----------- Megalonaias **
| | |
| | +----------- Uniomerus **
| | |
+--+ +----------- Quadrulina **
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+----------- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--------+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
+----- Truncilla **
|
+----- Venustaconcha **
|
+----- Cambarunio **
|
+----- Leaunio **
|
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 162 | 162 | 144 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 184 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 160 | 160 | 158 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 177 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 125 | 125 | 72 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 148 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+ +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Unioninae **
| |
| | +----- Ambleminae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 114 | 114 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 135 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 137 | 123 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 152.5 | +-- Chamberlainia **
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Hyriidae
+--------------+
| | +----- Iridinidae
--+ +--+
| | +-- Mycetopodidae
| +--+
| +-- Etheriidae
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 113 | 113 | 98 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 152 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 112 | 112 | 100 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 111 | 111 | 93 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 141 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-- Lens **
| | |
| | +-- Ensidens **
+--+ |
| +--------+-- Physunio **
| | |
| | +-- Rectidens **
| | |
+--+ +-- Yaukthwa **
|
| +-------- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 103 | 103 | 62 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 202 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 131 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-------- Unioninae **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 128 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 86 | 86 | 82 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 86 | 86 | 83 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 83 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 80 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 83 | 83 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
--+ |
| | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +-----+
+--+ | +-- Contradentini **
| |
| | +----- Unioninae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 79 | 79 | 77 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 114 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------------- Chamberlainiini **
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Contradentini **
+--+ | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | | +-------- Lamprotulini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Inversiunio **
| +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini **
| |
| | +----- Anodontini **
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
|
| +----------------- Globunio **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +----------- Unio **
| |
+--+ +-- Nodularia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 77 | 77 | 75 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 112 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 111 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 67 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 68 | 69 | 63 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 95 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------------------- Unioninae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
| | +-----------+
+--+ | | +----- Lens **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Physunio **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- unionoid
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 64 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 86 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Rectidentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 63 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 88 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +-- Contradentini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 65 | 65 | 63 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 100 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 97 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 97 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 49 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 55 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 56 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 92 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 59 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99 | Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 57 | 48 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 86 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 50 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 53 | 53 | 51 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 52 | 52 | 50 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 50 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 91 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 87 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 86 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 87 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 47 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Ambleminae **
|
--+----- Gonideinae **
|
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 88 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 39 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 90 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 47 | 49 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 94 | +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Contradentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 47 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 82 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 53 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 96 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 82 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Ambleminae **
--+ |
| | +-------- Parreysiinae **
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Discomya **
+--+
| +----- Ctenodesmini **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana **
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria **
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina **
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 33 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 | +----- Prolasmidonta **
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta **
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotula **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias **
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon **
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 33 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 72 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +----------------- Cumberlandia
|
--+----------------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 69 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Cumberlandia
|
+-------- Margaritifera
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
| |
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 36 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 69 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Ambleminae **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 31 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 67 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae **
|
| +-------- Megalonaias **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 70 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 64 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 34 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----- Contradentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
+--+
| +----- Ligumia **
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 26 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 33 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 27 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 28 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 21 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 28 | 29 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Contradentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Amblemini **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-------- Lampsilini **
|
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Unio **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Unionini **
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Glebula **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Toxolasma **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 64 | +-------------------- Margaritiferinae
|
| +----------------- Anodontini **
--+ |
| | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotula **
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Acuticostini **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------- Etheriidae
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+----- Unionini **
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----------------- Sinanodonta **
|
--+ +-------------- Cristaria **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--------+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Nodularia **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 45.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Amblemini **
| |
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----------------- Eurynia **
--+ |
| +----------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------- Gonideinae **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+----------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Glebula **
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma **
|
| +-------------- Cyrtonaias **
+--+
| +----------- Unionini **
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Hyriidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
+--------------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+
| +-------------- Aculamprotula **
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +-------- Unio **
+--+
| +----- Nodularia **
+--+
| +-- Cuneopsis **
+--+
+-- Schistodesmus **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----------- Cristariina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta **
| |
| +-------- Unionini **
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina **
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 59 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | +-- Gonideinae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +----------- Cumberlandia
|
+----------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------- Gonideinae **
--+ |
| | +-- Elliptio **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia **
| | |
+--+ +--+-- Amblemini **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Unionini **
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
+-- Megalonaias **
|
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-------- Anodontini **
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Lanceolariini **
+-----+
| +-- Unionini **
--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 55 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 52 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
|
--+ +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
| +--------+
| | +-- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Lampsilini **
|
+----- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Quadrulini **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 35 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Contradentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-- Anodontina **
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Utterbackia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon **
+--+
+-- Cristariina **
Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------------- Unioninae **
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotula **
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +----- Anodontini **
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
+-- Contradentini **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +-- Aculamprotula **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 53 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
|
+-------- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Trigoniidae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-------------- Cristariina **
--+
| +----------- Alasmidontina **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Anodontina **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
+--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Unionini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Gonideinae **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 56.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------------- Parreysiini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Coelaturini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Hyriidae
| |
+--+ +----- Iridinidae
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontitinae
| |
+--+-- Mycetopodinae
|
+-- Etheriidae
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46.5 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Ambleminae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 45.5 | +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Hyriidae
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------- Cristaria **
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Unionini **
| |
+--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +----- Sinanodonta **
--+
| +-- Cristaria **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- None__1
+--+
| +-- None__2
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
|
