The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea family UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 subfamilies, 32 genera Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 806 (1071 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 37
analyzed in 585 cladograms in 324 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
567 (mean = 22.48, median = 13)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.9, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 563
maximum number of included terminals = 567, (mean =
23.32 median = 14)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 1.94, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.94 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 204
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 567 (mean = 34.54, median = 21.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) =
4 (mean = 2.91, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.86
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 45 | 39 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | +----------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
--+ | | +-------- Rectidentini **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Gonideini **
| +--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Hyriidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudomulleria
+--+
| +-------- Mulleria
+--+
| +----- Etheria
+--+
| +-- Mycetopodidae
+--+
+-- Iridinidae
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1 ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 15 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 567 | 582 | 651 | 4 | 65 | 14 | 1 | 700 | +-------------------------------- Lamellidens **
|
+-----+ +-- Balwantia **
| | +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Trapezidens **
| +--+
| | +-------------------------- Leoparreysiini **
| | |
| +--+ +----------------------- Etheriidae
| | |
| | | +-- Parreysiini **
| +--+ +-----------------+
| | | +-- Coelaturini **
| | |
| +--+ +-- Pseudoscabies **
| | +--------------+
| | | +-- Indonaia **
| +--+
| | +-------------- Indochinella **
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Radiatula **
+--------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | +--+ +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__2 **
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__2 **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Harmandia **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Unionetta_fabagina__1 **
| | +--+
| | +-- Scabies **
| |
| | +----- Amuranodonta **
| | +-----------------------------+
| | | | +-- Anemina **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Buldowskia **
| | |
| | | +-- Beringiana **
| | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Pletholophus **
| +--+ +-----------------------+
| | | | +----- Mimo **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Acudonta **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta **
| | |
| | | +----------------------------- Cristaria **
| +--+ |
| | | +----------------- Lepidodesmini **
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Lanceolariini **
| | | | +--+
| | | +--------+ | | +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2 **
| | | | | | +--+
| | | | | | | +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2 **
| +--+ | | | +--+
| | | +--+ | +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1 **
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1 **
| | | |
| | | | +----------- Globunio **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Aculamprotulina **
| | | +--+
| +--+ | +----- Middendorffinaiina **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
| | +-- Oxynaiina **
| |
| | +-------- Pseudodontoideus **
--+ | +--------------+
| | | | +----- Lasmigona **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Pterosyna **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Arcidens **
| |
| | +-------------------- Anodontina **
| | |
| | | +-------------- Utterbackia **
| | | +--+
| +--+ | | +----------- Pyganodon_grandis **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Pyganodon_lacustris **
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Pyganodon_cataracta__2 **
| +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta__1 **
| | +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_fragilis__3 **
| |
| | +-------------- Utterbackiana **
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Simpsonaias **
| | |
| | | +-- Alasminota **
| +--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Alasmidonta **
| | |
| +--+ +-- Prolasmidonta **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Platynaias **
| +--+
| | +-- Anodontoides **
| +--+
| +-- Strophitus **
|
| +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
| | |
| | | +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **
| | | |
| | | +--+ +----------------- Parvasolenaia **
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-------------- Pseudopostolata **
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +----------- Koreosolenaia **
| | | | | |
| | | | +--+ +-- Cosmopseudodon **
| | | | | +-----+
| | | | | | +-- Guiunio **
+--+ | | +--+
| | +--------+ | +----- Ptychorhynchus **
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Obovalis **
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Postolata **
| | | |
| | | | +-- Caudiculatus **
| | | | +--------------+
| | | | | +-- Lamprotulini **
| | | | |
| | | +-----+ +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Gonidea **
| | | +--+ +-----+
+--+ +-----------------------------------------------+ | | | +-- Microcondylaea **
| | | | | +--+
| | | +--+ +-- Leguminaia **
| | | |
| | | | +-------- Inversidens **
| | | +--+
| | | | +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **
| | | +--+
| | | +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
| | |
| | | +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina **
| | | |
| | | | +-- Lannanaia **
| | +--+ +-----------------------+
| | | | +-- Pilsbryoconcha **
| | | |
| | | | +----- Songkhlanaia_tamodienica **
| | +--+ +-----------------+
| | | | | +-- Songkhlanaia_moreleti **
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Songkhlanaia_songkhramensis__1 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Nyeinchanconcha **
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Sundadontina **
| | | |
+--+ | | +-- Isannaia **
| +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Namkongnaia **
| | +-----------+
| | | | +-- Thaiconcha **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Bineurus **
| |
| | +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei **
| | |
| +--+ +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus **
| | |
| | | +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus **
| +--+ +--+
| | | | +-- Pseudodon_mekongi **
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Schepmaniini **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis **
| +--+
| +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1 **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
| +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +----- Amblema **
+--+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Nephronaias **
| | +--+
| | +-- Psoronaias **
| |
+--+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Reginaia **
| |
| | +----- Popenaias **
| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+ | +--+
| | +-- Glebula **
| |
| | +----------------------------------------------------------------- Paetulunio **
| | |
+--+ | +----------------- Toxolasma_parvum **
| | |
| | | +----- Toxolasma_lividum__2 **
| | | +--------+
| | +--------------------------------------------+ | | +-- Toxolasma_cylindrellus **
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Toxolasma_lividum__1 **
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +-------- Toxolasma_texasiense__2 **
| | | +--+
| | | | | +----- Toxolasma_glans **
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Toxolasma_paulum **
| | +--+ +--+
| | | +-- Toxolasma_texasiense__1 **
| | |
| | | +-------- Toxolasma__4 **
| | +--+
+--+ | +----- Toxolasma_granulatum **
| +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma__2 **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma__3 **
|
| +----- Toxolasma_pullus **
| +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Toxolasma_germanum **
| | +--+
| | +-- Toxolasma__1 **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| | +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+ |
| | +-------- Potamilus_inflatus **
| | +--------+
| | | | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus **
| | | +--+
| | +-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni **
| | | |
+--+ | | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2 **
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1 **
| | |
| | | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2 **
+--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2 **
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1 **
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1 **
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa **
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha **
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus **
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia **
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans **
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus **
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris **
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus **
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota **
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias **
| | |
| | +--------------+ +-------------------- Sagittunio **
| | | | |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria **
| | | +--+ +-----------+
| | | | | | +-- Potamilus_capax **
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla **
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus **
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Medionidus_penicillatus **
| | |
| | | +----------- Ptychobranchus **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 **
| | | +-----+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus **
| +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1 **
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 **
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis **
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex **
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria **
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +-- Venustaconcha **
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Epioblasma **
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa **
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor **
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda **
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias **
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis **
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida **
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola **
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa **
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2 **
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis **
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2 **
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1 **
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura **
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2 **
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1 **
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1 **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2 **
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2 **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1 **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1 **
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus **
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus **
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis **
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1 **
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2 **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1 **
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2 **
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2 **
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2 **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1 **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1 **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 161 | 161 | 99 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 179 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| | +----------- Chamberlainia **
--+ | |
| | +----------- Megalonaias **
| | |
| | +----------- Uniomerus **
| | |
+--+ +----------- Quadrulina **
| |
| +----------- Sinohyriopsis **
| |
| +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
| +----------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+----------- Pseudodontini **
|
+----------- Rectidentini **
|
+----------- Unioninae **
|
| +-------- Amblema **
| |
| +-------- Toxolasma **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria **
| +-----+
| | +-- Plectomerus **
+--+
| +----- Ellipsaria **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
| |
| +----- Medionidus **
| |
| +----- Potamilus_alatus **
| |
| +----- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
+----- Truncilla **
|
+----- Venustaconcha **
|
+----- Cambarunio **
|
+----- Leaunio **
|
| +-- Ortmanniana **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 161 | 161 | 143 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 183 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 159 | 159 | 156 | 4 | 39 | 13 | 1 | 175 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 124 | 124 | 71 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 147 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
| | +-------- Unioninae **
+--+ |
| | +----- Ambleminae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Chamberlainia **
| | |
| | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
| | |
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
+--+ |
| +-- Lamprotula_leaii **
| |
| +-- Potomida **
| |
| +-- Pronodularia **
| |
+--+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Leguminaia_wheatleyi **
|
+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Microcondylaea **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_carinata **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia_recognita **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 114 | 114 | 114 | 4 | 27 | 14 | 1 | 151 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 113 | 113 | 113 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 134 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 113 | 136 | 122 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 1 | 151.5 | +-- Chamberlainia **
+--------------------+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Hyriidae
+--------------+
| | +----- Iridinidae
--+ +--+
| | +-- Mycetopodidae
| +--+
| +-- Etheriidae
|
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 112 | 112 | 97 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 151 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 111 | 111 | 93 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 140 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 111 | 111 | 99 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 104 | 104 | 62 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 202 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 90 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 128 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 100 | 100 | 101 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 131 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-------- Unioninae **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Lamprotulini **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 94 | 94 | 93 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 133 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 86 | 86 | 83 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 86 | 86 | 82 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 121 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 80 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 85 | 85 | 83 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 120 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------- Pseudodontini **
| |
| | +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+ |
| | +----- Unioninae **
| | |
+--+ | +-- Lamprotula **
| | |
| | +-- Potomida **
| | |
| | +-- Pronodularia **
+--+ |
| +-- Gonidea **
| |
| +-- Leguminaia **
| |
| +-- Microcondylaea **
| |
+--+-- Amblemini **
|
+-- Ortmanniana **
|
+-- Lampsilis **
|
+-- Cambarunio **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 82 | 82 | 79 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 119 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 79 | 79 | 77 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 114 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 77 | 77 | 75 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 112 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 111 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 74 | 74 | 72 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 106 | +----------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 73 | 73 | 67 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 69 | 69 | 63 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 95 | +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Parvasolenaia **
| +--------+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +----- Gonidea **
+--+
| +-- Microcondylaea **
+--+
+-- Leguminaia **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 63 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 88 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 66 | 66 | 64 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 86 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Gonideini **
| |
+--+ +-- Chamberlainiini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 65 | 65 | 63 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 100 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 104 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 98 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 98 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 63 | 63 | 61 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 62 | 62 | 60 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 55 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 61 | 61 | 49 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 59 | 59 | 57 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 98 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 56 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 93 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 58 | 58 | 54 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 56 | 57 | 48 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 86 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 91 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 55 | 55 | 50 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 53 | 53 | 51 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 52 | 52 | 50 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 92 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Quadrulini **
--+ |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
| |
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+-----+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 88 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 90 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 87 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 51 | 51 | 49 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 86 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 89 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 47 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +----- Ambleminae **
|
--+----- Gonideinae **
|
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 50 | 50 | 48 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89 | Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 49 | 49 | 39 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 90 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Rectidentini **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 47 | 49 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 94 | +----- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| +-- Rectidentini **
|
--+ +-- Gibbosulinae
| |
| +-- Margaritiferinae
| |
| +-- Sinosolenaia **
| |
+-----+-- Leguminaia **
|
+-- Gonidea **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Potomida **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 44 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 46 | 46 | 45 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 86 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 43 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 47 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 82 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 83 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 45 | 45 | 53 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 96 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 84 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 44 | 44 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 81 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +----- Unioninae **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Discomya **
|
| +----------- Rectidentini **
| |
+--+ +-- Schepmaniini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Caudiculatus **
+--+
| +-- Potomida **
+--+
+-- Gonideini **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Ambleminae **
| |
| | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+ |
| | +-- Anemina **
| +--------------+
| | +-- Amuranodonta **
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus **
| +--------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana **
+--+
| +----------- Cristaria **
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina **
+--+--------+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 39 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Lamprotulini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 41 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 80 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 43 | 43 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 42 | 42 | 40 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 77 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 41 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 79 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 40 | 40 | 38 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 30 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 37 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 39 | 39 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 33 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 34 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 38 | 38 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Parreysiinae **
| +--+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 37 | 37 | 35 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 36 | 36 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 74 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 35 | 35 | 33 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 22 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 73 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 34 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 34 | 35 | 34 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 73 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------- Lampsilini **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 34 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 76 | +----- Prolasmidonta **
+--+
| | +-- Alasmidonta **
| +--+
+-----------------+ +-- Anemina **
| |
| | +----- Pseudodontini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lamprotula_caveata **
| +--+
| +-- Chamberlainia **
|
| +----- Oxynaiina **
| +-----+
| | | +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+ | +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotulina **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Platynaias **
| | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Pyganodon **
| | |
| | | +----- Sinanodonta **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Cristaria **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus **
| +-----------+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Sinohyriopsis **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Gonideini **
|
| +----------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-------------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----------- Toxolasma **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus_leptodon **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_powellii **
Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 32 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 68 | +----------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------------- Quadrulina **
| |
| | +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unioninae **
|
| +-------- Megalonaias **
+--+
| +----- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 69 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +----------------- Cumberlandia
|
--+----------------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----------- Sinosolenaia **
+--+
| +-------- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 36 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 69 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Ambleminae **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 31 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 75 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 32 | 32 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 71 | +-------- Cumberlandia
|
+-------- Margaritifera
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
| |
| | +-- Ptychorhynchus **
+--+ |
| +-- Chamberlainiini **
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Sinosolenaia **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 66 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 | Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 38 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | +----------- Unioninae **
--+
| +-------- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 31 | 31 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 75 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 31 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 61 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 28 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 68 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 67 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 26 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 29 | 29 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 70 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 27 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 64 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-------------------------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------------------------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Gonideini **
| |
| | +----- Eurynia **
+--+ +-----------+
| | | +-- Cambarunio **
| | +--+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
| +-----------+
| | +-- Pleurobema **
+--+
| +----------- Truncilla **
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Epioblasma **
+--+
| +----- Ligumia **
+--+
| +-- Obliquaria **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 34 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Pseudodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----- Rectidentini **
+--+
+----- Unioninae **
|
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 65 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 26 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 33 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +----------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Pseudodontini **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 25 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 27 | 24 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 28 | +-------------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----------------- Etheriidae
+--+
| +-------------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 21 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 28 | 29 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 65 | +----- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 23 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +-- Pseudodontini **
| +--------+
| | +-- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideini **
+--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66 | Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 63 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 7 | 1 | 61 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 | Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 62 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-------- Amblemini **
| |
| +-------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-------- Lampsilini **
|
| +----- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 59 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 28 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 45.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +----------------- Amblemini **
| |
| +----------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
| +----------------- Eurynia **
--+ |
| +----------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------- Gonideinae **
| |
| +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+----------------- Quadrulini **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+-----+
| | +-------- Glebula **
| +--+
| | +----- Potamilus **
| +--+
| | +-- Ligumia **
| +--+
| +-- Toxolasma **
|
| +-------------- Cyrtonaias **
+--+
| +----------- Unionini **
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Hyriidae
+--+
| +-- Iridinidae
+--+
+-- Mycetopodidae
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Unionina **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
+--------+
| +-- Lepidodesmini **
--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini **
| +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-------------- Sinanodonta **
|
--+ +----------- Cristaria **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 55 | +----- Anodontina **
|
| +-- Gonideinae **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Megalonaias **
| |
| +-- Obliquaria **
| |
+--+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
|
+-- Amblema **
|
+-- Elliptio **
|
+-- Fusconaia **
|
+-- Plectomerus **
|
+-- Pleurobema **
|
+-- Unionini **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 64 | +-------------------- Margaritiferinae
|
| +----------------- Anodontini **
--+ |
| | +----------- Chamberlainiini **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lamprotula_caveata **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Gibbosulinae
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
| +--+
| | | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| | +--+
+-----+ +-- Nodularia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Acuticostini **
Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 21 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 47 | +-------------- Parreysiinae **
|
--+ +----------- Etheriidae
| |
+--+ +-------- Anodontini **
| |
+--+ +----- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+----- Unionini **
|
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 20 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 43 | +----------- Parreysiinae **
--+
| +-------- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-------------------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +----------------------------- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Parreysiinae **
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Fusconaia **
| |
| +----------------------- Amblemini **
+--+
| +-------------------- Quadrulini **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Pleurobema **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Eurynia **
| |
| | +-- Cyrtonaias **
+--+-----------+
| +-- Unioninae **
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana **
+--+
| +-------- Glebula **
+--+
| +----- Potamilus **
+--+
| +-- Ligumia **
+--+
+-- Toxolasma **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 60 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | +-- Gonideinae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 58 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 59 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 59 | +----------- Cristariina **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini **
| |
--+ +-------- Anodonta **
| |
| +-------- Unionini **
| |
+--+ +-- Alasmidontina **
+-----+
| +-- Pseudanodonta **
|
| +----- Ambleminae **
| |
+--+ +-- Hyriidae
| |
+--+-- Lamprotulini **
|
+-- Chamberlainiini **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | +-------- Anodontini **
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 57 | +----------- Cumberlandia
|
+----------- Margaritifera
|
| +-------- Gonideinae **
--+ |
| | +-- Elliptio **
| | |
| | +-- Fusconaia **
| | |
+--+ +--+-- Amblemini **
| | |
| | +-- Pleurobema **
| | |
| | +-- Unionini **
| |
| | +-- Pyganodon_cataracta **
+--+ |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis **
| |
| +-- Utterbackia **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres **
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea **
+--+
+-- Megalonaias **
|
+-- Obliquaria **
|
+-- Theliderma **
|
+-- Quadrula **
|
+-- Uniomerus **
Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | +-- Lanceolariini **
+-----+
| +-- Unionini **
--+
| +----- Acuticostini **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 | Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 55 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Quadrulini **
|
+----- Lampsilini **
|
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 51 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 57 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 54 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Quadrulini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Amblemini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +----- Unioninae **
|
+----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+----- Lampsilini **
|
+----- Amblemini **
|
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-------------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2
|
--+ +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1
| +--------+
| | +-- Margaritifera_falcata
+--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
| |
+--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| +--+
| | +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 55 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-- Anodontina **
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Utterbackia **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| +-----+
| | +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +----- Unionini **
+--+
| +-- Pyganodon **
+--+
+-- Cristariina **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 53 | +-------------- Unioninae **
|
--+ +----------- Lamprotulini **
| |
+--+ +-- Gonideini **
| +-----+
| | +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Gonidea **
+--+
| +----- Inversidens **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 56 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 35 | +-------------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----------- Pseudodontini **
+--+
| +-------- Rectidentini **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 56 | Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Gonideini **
+-----+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
--+
| +----- Chamberlainiini **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 54 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 55 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Ambleminae **
| +--+
| | +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 16 | 13 | 3 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Unioninae **
--+
| +----- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 56 | +-------------------------- Lamellidens_mainwaringi **
--+
| +----------------------- Lamprotula **
+--+
| +-------------------- Potomida **
+--+
| +----------------- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-------------- Pleurobemini **
+--+
| +----------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +----- Anodontini **
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
+--+
+-- Lamellidens_corrianus **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | +-- Parreysiinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 54 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 53 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Anodontini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini **
+--+
+-- Unionini **
Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 55 | +-------- Parreysiinae **
|
+-------- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Hyriidae
| +--+
| | +-- Trigoniidae
+--+
| +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Unioninae **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Quadrulini **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +----- Rectidentini **
--+
| +-- Pseudodontini **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 51 | +-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Lamprotula **
|
+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Potomida **
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
|
+-- Parreysiinae **
|
+-- Pleurobemini **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Martínez et al., 2026 [Publ 4820], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | +----- Gonideini **
--+
| +-- Lamprotulini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Ambleminae **
+--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 53 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 51 | +----- Gonideinae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 52 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-------------- Cristariina **
--+
| +----------- Alasmidontina **
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Venustaconcha **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +----- Anodontina **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
+--+-- Margaritiferidae
|
+-- Unionini **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
|
--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Unionini **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 23 | 12 | 1 | 50 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Gonideinae **
| |
+--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 50 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 15 | 13 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 56.5 | +-------------------- Margaritiferidae
|
| +-------- Unionini **
--+ +--------+
| | | +----- Pleurobemini **
| | +--+
| | | +-- Anodontini **
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
|
| +-------------- Parreysiini **
| |
+--+ +----------- Coelaturini **
| |
+--+ +-------- Hyriidae
| |
+--+ +----- Iridinidae
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontitinae
| |
+--+-- Mycetopodinae
|
+-- Etheriidae
Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | +----- Gonideinae **
|
--+ +-- Cristariina **
| |
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina **
|
+-- Quadrulini **
Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +----------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-------- Quadrulini **
+--+
| +----- Lampsilini **
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 51 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | +-------- Quadrulini **
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Lampsilini **
+--+
+-- Pleurobemini **
Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46.5 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Lamprotulini **
+--+
| +-- Gonideini **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 49 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 26 | 10 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Unioninae **
|
--+-- Ambleminae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 48 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 42 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +-- Ambleminae **
|
--+-- Unioninae **
|
+-- Gonideinae **
Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Lampsilini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Quadrulini **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | +----- Quadrulini **
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Lampsilini **
Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Unionini **
| |
+--+-- Anodontini **
|
+-- Ambleminae **
Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Unioninae **
+--+
| +-- Parreysiinae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 47 | +-------- Cristaria **
--+
| +----- Sinanodonta **
+--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 44 | +-- None__1
+--+
| +-- None__2
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Margaritiferidae
|
--+ +-- Pleurobemini **
| |
+--+-- Lampsilini **
|
+-- Unioninae **
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 45.5 | +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
| +-- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Hyriidae
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 46 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Parreysiinae **
Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 25 | 14 | 1 | 46 | +-------- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +----- Gonideinae **
+--+
| +-- Ambleminae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 45 | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Gonideinae **
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | +----- Sinanodonta **
--+
| +-- Cristaria **
+--+
+-- Gonideinae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 1 | -- | +----- Margaritiferidae
--+
| +-- Unioninae **
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Ambleminae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Unioninae **
Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 45 | +----- Unioninae **
--+
| +-- Margaritiferidae
+--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 11 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- | Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- Epioblasma_triquetra **
Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Gonideinae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Unioninae **
Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Unioninae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Margaritiferidae
--+
+-- Ambleminae **
Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Ambleminae **
--+
+-- Margaritiferidae
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | -- |
|
