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UNIONIDAE Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 290 [as ‘Uniodia, Les Uniodés’].
Fleming, 1828. Hist. Brit. Anim.: 408, 415.
Type genus: Unio Retzius, 1788 = Unio
AMBLEMIDAE Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 310 [as ‘Amblemidia, Les Amblémides’].
Deshayes, 1830. Enc. Méth. 2 (Première partie): 18 [as ‘Ablemidiæ’ [sic] ].
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 180.
Type genus: Amblema Rafinesque, 1820 = Amblema
ANODONTIDAE Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 316 [as ‘Anodontidia, Les Anodontides’].
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 286, 381.
Ortmann, 1910. Nautilus 23: 117.
Type genus: Anodonta Lamarck, 1799 = Anodonta
ALASMIDONTIDAE Rafinesque, 1820
Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 5 (13): 317 [as ‘Alasmidia. Les Alasmides’].
Deshayes, 1830. Enc. Méth. 2 (Première partie): 13 [as ‘Alasmides’].
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 268, 381 [as ‘Alasmodontinæ’].
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 8-9, 18.
(correct name for Alasmodontidae Swainson, 1840)
Type genus: Alasmidonta Say, 1818 = Alasmidonta
ALASMODONTIDAE Swainson, 1840
Swainson, 1840. Treat. Malacol.: 264, 268, 275, 287-288, 290, 381.
(name corrected to Alasmidontidae Rafinesque, 1820)
Type genus: Alasmodon Thompson, 1820 = Alasmidonta
LAMPSILIDAE Ihering, 1901
Ihering, 1901. Nautilus 15(4): 53.
Ortmann, 1910. Nautilus 23: 118.
Ortmann, 1912. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 8: 224.
Type genus: Lampsilis Rafinesque, 1820 = Lampsilis
QUADRULIDAE Ihering, 1901
Ihering, 1901. Nautilus 15(5): 53 [as ‘Quadrulinæ’].
Haas, 1929. Senckenbergiana 11: ??.
Type genus: Quadrula Rafinesque, 1820 = Quadrula
PLEUROBEMIDAE Hannibal, 1912
Hannibal, 1912. Proc. Malac. Soc. London 10(2): 119.
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 179.
Type genus: Pleurobema Rafinesque, 1819 = Pleurobema
PROPTERIDAE Hannibal, 1912
Hannibal, 1912. Proc. Malac. Soc. London 10(2): 119.
Type genus: Proptera Rafinesque, 1819 = Potamilus
GONIDEIDAE Ortmann, 1916
Ortmann, 1916. Nautilus 30: 53.
Type genus: Gonidea Conrad, 1857 = Gonidea
PSEUDODONTIDAE Frierson, 1927
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 67.
Type genus: Pseudodon Gould, 1844 = Pseudodon
PARREYSIIDAE Henderson, 1935
Henderson, 1935. GSA, Spec. Pap. 3: 69.
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 186.
Type genus: Parreysia Conrad, 1853 = Parreysia
PSEUDAVICULIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 176.
Type genus: Pseudavicula Simpson, 1900 = Prisodontopsis
ELLIPTIONIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 178, 180.
Modell, 1943. Arch. Moll. 75: 110.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 88.
Type genus: Elliptio Rafinesque, 1819 = Elliptio
HEUDEANIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 184.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 101.
Type genus: Heudeana Frierson, 1922 = Ptychorhynchus
LAMPROTULIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 187.
Modell, 1943. Arch. Moll. 75: 113.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 109.
Type genus: Lamprotula Simpson, 1900 = Lamprotula
CAFFERIIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 188.
Type genus: Cafferia Simpson, 1900 = Unio
HYRIOPSIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 188.
Modell, 1945. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw. 78: 83.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 112.
Habe, 1977. Mollusc. Japan: 116.
Type genus: Hyriopsis Conrad, 1853 = Hyriopsis
LAMELLIDENTIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 188.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 111.
Type genus: Lamellidens Simpson, 1900 = Lamellidens
CONTRADENTIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 189.
Modell, 1945. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw. 78: 83.
Type genus: Contradens Haas, 1911 = Lens
RECTIDENTIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 189.
Modell, 1945. Jena. Z. Med. Naturw. 78: 83.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 113.
Type genus: Rectidens Simpson, 1900 = Rectidens
CAELATURIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 190.
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 64.
(name corrected to Coelaturidae Modell, 1942)
Type genus: Caelatura Conrad, 1853 = Coelatura
NANNONAIIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 190.
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 117.
Type genus: Nannonaia Haas, 1913 = Elongaria
COELATURIDAE Modell, 1942
Modell, 1942. Arch. Moll. 74(5/6): 190 [as ‘Caelaurinae’].
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 116 [as ‘Caelaturinae’].
(correct name for Caelaturidae Modell, 1942)
Type genus: Coelatura Conrad, 1853 = Coelatura
PSEUDOSPATHIDAE Leloup, 1950
Leloup, 1950. Res. Sci. Explor. Hydrob. Lac Tanganyika (1946-1947) 3: 111.
Pain & Woodward, 1968. Rev. Zool. Botan. Afr. 77: 193, 212.
Type genus: Pseudospatha Simpson, 1900 = Pseudospatha
BRAZZAEAIDAE Leloup, 1950
Leloup, 1950. Res. Sci. Explor. Hydrob. Lac Tanganyika (1946-1947) 3: 73.
Pain & Woodward, 1968. Rev. Zool. Botan. Afr. 77: 192.
Type genus: Brazzaea Bourguignat, 1886 = Brazzaea
CUNEOPSIDAE Mongin, 1963
Mongin, 1963. Mém. Soc. Géol. France 96: 19.
Type genus: Cuneopsis Simpson, 1900 = Cuneopsis
DENTASPATHARIIDAE Modell, 1964
Modell, 1964. Arch. Moll. 93: 83.
Type genus: Dentaspatharia Modell, 1964 = Dentaspatharia
MWERUELLIDAE Pain & Woodward, 1968
Pain & Woodward, 1968. Rev. Zool. Botan. Afr. 77: 193, 200.
Type genus: Mweruella Haas, 1936 = Prisodontopsis
PRISODONTOPSIDAE Pain & Woodward, 1968
Pain & Woodward, 1968. Rev. Zool. Botan. Afr. 77: 193, 206.
Type genus: Prisodontopsis Tomlin, 1928 = Prisodontopsis
MEGALONAIADIDAE Heard & Guckert, 1970
Heard & Guckert, 1970. Malacologia 10: 338.
Type genus: Megalonaias Utterback, 1915 = Megalonaias
POPENAIADIDAE Heard & Guckert, 1970
Heard & Guckert, 1970. Malacologia 10: 339.
Type genus: Popenaias Frierson, 1927 = Popenaias
ARCIDOPSIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 61, 283.
Type genus: Arcidopsis Simpson, 1900 = Arcidopsis
LEGUMINAIIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 61, 283.
Type genus: Leguminaia Conrad, 1865 = Leguminaia
OXYNAIIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 65, 284.
Type genus: Oxynaia Haas, 1911 = Nodularia
PSILUNIONIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 65, 284.
Type genus: Psilunio Sabba Stefanescu, 1896 = Potomida
PHYSUNIONIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 68.
Type genus: Physunio Simpson, 1900 = Physunio
STROPHITIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 69, 287.
Gordon, 1980. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci. 34: 58.
Gordon, 1985. Nautilus 99: 8.
Type genus: Strophitus Rafinesque, 1820 = Strophitus
CYPROGENIIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Cyprogenia Agassiz, 1852 = Cyprogenia
DROMIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Dromus Simpson, 1900 = Dromus
FRIERSONIIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Friersonia Ortmann, 1912 = Friersonia
GLEBULIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Glebula Conrad, 1853 = Glebula
MEDIONIDIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Medionidus Simpson, 1900 = Medionidus
PILAEIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
(name corrected to Pileidae Starobogatov, 1970)
Type genus: Pilea Simpson, 1900 = Epioblasma
PTYCHOBRANCHIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287.
Type genus: Ptychobranchus Simpson, 1900 = Ptychobranchus
PILEIDAE Starobogatov, 1970
Starobogatov, 1970. Fauna Moll. Continent.: 70, 287 [as ‘Pilaeini’].
(correct name for Pilaeidae Starobogatov, 1970)
Type genus: Pilea Simpson, 1900 = Epioblasma
MODELLNAIIDAE Brandt, 1974
Brandt, 1974. Arch. Moll. 105: 301.
Type genus: Modellnaia Brandt, 1974 = Modellnaia
QIYANGIIDAE Chen, 1983
Chen, 1983. unknown publication: ??.
Type genus: Qiyangia Chen & Xu, 1980 = Qiyangia
PSEUDANODONTIDAE Stadnichenko, 1984
‘Jaeckel’ Stadnichenko, 1984. Fauna Ukrayiny 29: 112.
Type genus: Pseudanodonta Bourguignat, 1876 = Pseudanodonta
PLICATOUNIONIDAE Chen, 1987
Chen, 1987. unknown publication: ??.
Type genus: Plicatounio Kobayashi & Suzuki, 1936 = Plicatounio
NODULARIIDAE Bogatov & Zatravkin, 1988
‘Starobogatov & Zatravkin’ Bogatov & Zatravkin, 1988. Trudy Zool. Inst. 187: 25.
Type genus: Nodularia Conrad, 1853 = Nodularia
JILINOCONCHIDAE Ma, 1989
Ma, 1989. unknown publication: 259.
Type genus: Jilinoconcha Ma, 1989 = Plesielliptio
SILESUNIONIDAE Skawina & Dzik, 2011
Skawina & Dzik, 2011. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. 163: 874.
Type genus: Silesunio Skawina & Dzik, 2011 = Silesunio
PILSBRYOCONCHIDAE Bolotov et al., 2017
Bolotov, Vikhrev et Tumpeesuwan in Bolotov et al., 2017. Sci. Repts. 7: 11.
Type genus: Pilsbryoconcha Simpson, 1900 = Pilsbryoconcha
CRISTARIIDAE Lopes-Lima et al., 2017
Lopes-Lima, Bogan & Froufe in Lopes-Lima et al., 2017. MPE 106: 180.
Type genus: Cristaria Schumacher, 1817 = Cristaria
LANCEOLARIIDAE Lopes-Lima et al., 2017
Froufe, Lopes-Lima, & Bogan in Lopes-Lima et al., 2017. MPE 106: 181.
Type genus: Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853 = Lanceolaria
CHAMBERLAINIIDAE Lopes-Lima et al., 2017
Bogan, Froufe & Lopes-Lima in Lopes-Lima et al., 2017. MPE 106: 182, 185.
Type genus: Chamberlainia Simpson, 1900 = Chamberlainia
LEOPARREYSIIDAE Bolotov et al., 2017
Vikhrev, Bolotov & Kondakov in Bolotov et al., 2017. Sci. Repts. 7: 2.
Type genus: Leoparreysia Bolotov et al., 2017 = Leoparreysia
INDOCHINELLIDAE Bolotov et al., 2018
Bolotov, Pfeiffer, Vikhrev, & Konopleva in Bolotov et al., 2018. Sci. Repts. 8: 5.
Type genus: Indochinella Bolotov et al., 2018 = Indochinella
ACULAMPROTULIDAE Huang et al., 2019
Huang & Wu in Huang et al., 2019. MPE 130: 57.
Type genus: Aculamprotula Wu et al., 1999 = Aculamprotula
LEPIDODESMIDAE Huang et al., 2019
Huang & Wu in Huang et al., 2019. MPE 130: 57.
Type genus: Lepidodesma Simpson, 1896 = Lepidodesma
MIDDENDORFFINAIIDAE Lopes-Lima et al., 2020
Lopes-Lima, Bolotov & Bogan in Lopes-Lima et al., 2020. MPE 146: [23].
Type genus: Middendorffinaia Moskvicheva & Starobogatov, 1973 = Middendorffinaia
SCHEPMANIIDAE Zieritz et al., 2021
Lopes-Lima, Pfeiffer & Zieritz in Zieritz et al., 2021. Aquatic Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 31: 8.
Type genus: Schepmania Haas, 1910 = Schepmania
CTENODESMIDAE Zieritz et al., 2021
Pfeiffer, Zieritz, Rahim & Lopes- Lima in Zieritz et al., 2021. Aquatic Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 31: 9.
Type genus: Ctenodesma Simpson, 1900 = Ctenodesma
INDOPSEUDODONTIDAE Bolotov et al., 2023
Bolotov, Konopleva, Kondakov & Vikhrev in Bolotov et al., 2023. Water 15: 22, Table 1.
Type genus: Indopseudodon Prashad, 1922 = Indopseudodon
GLOBUNIONIDAE Dai et al., 2025
Dai, Chen, Huang & Wu in Dai et al., 2025. Zoosyst. Evol. 101(2): 785.
Type genus: Globunio Dai et al., 2025 = Globunio
LIMNOSCAPHIDAE Lindholm, 1932
Lindholm, 1932. Trans. United Geol. Prosp. Serv. USSR 238: ??.
Type genus: Limnoscapha Lindholm, 1932 = Limnoscapha
ACUTICOSTIDAE Starobogatov, 1967
Starobogatov, 1967. Trudy 3rd Sess. Vses. Paleont. Obshch. 9: 178.
Type genus: Acuticosta Simpson, 1900 = Acuticosta
ANADONTIDAE Zatravkin, 1983
‘Rafinesque’ Zatravkin, 1983. [in] I.M. Likharev, Molluscs: 41.
(error for Anodontidae Rafinesque, 1820)
Type genus: Anodonta Lamarck, 1799 = Anodonta
BRACHYANODONTIDAE Starobogatov et al., 2004
Starobogatov et al., 2004. Key Freshw. Invert. Russia 6 (molluscs, polychaetes, nemerteans): 30.
Type genus: Brachyanodon Fischer & Crosse, 1894 = Brachyanodon
POPENAIDIDAE Graf & Cummings, 2021
Graf & Cummings, 2021. J. Moll. Studies 87(1): 6.
(error for Popenaiadidae Heard & Guckert, 1970)
Type genus: Popenaias Frierson, 1927 = Popenaias
