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Page last updated
Thu 17 July 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!


Bivalvia | Unionoida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe UNIONINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     14 genera

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 84 (106 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 14
analyzed in 252 cladograms in 142 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 49 (mean = 7.14, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 11 (mean = 2.98, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 213
maximum number of included terminals = 49, (mean = 8.26 median = 6)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 11 (mean = 3.34, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.85

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 120
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 49 (mean = 10.67, median = 10)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 11 (mean = 4.88, median = 5)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.77


Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree


Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22221911231440
                                   +-- Anemina               
  +--------------------------------+                         
  |                                +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                          
  |                             +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--------------------------+                            
  |  |                          |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                          +--+                         
  |  |                             +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                                       
     |                             +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +--------------------------+                         
     |  |                          +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                                                    
     +--+  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                                                 
        |  +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                                                 
        +--+-------------------------- Cristaria             
           |                                                 
           |  +----------------------- Acuticostini          
           |  |                                              
           |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini         
           +--+                                              
              |  +-------------------- Globunio **              
              |  |                                           
              +--+  +----------------- Aculamprotula **         
                 |  |                                        
                 |  |              +-- Middendorffinaia **      
                 +--+  +-----------+                         
                    |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
                    |  |                                     
                    +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
                       |  |                                  
                       |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
                       +--+--------+                         
                          |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                          |                                  
                          |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                          +--+                               
                             |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                             +--+                            
                                |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                                +--+                         
                                   +-- Unio **                  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27272389443425
  +-------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                     
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                     
  |                 +-- Lanceolariini   
--+-----------------+                   
  |                 +-- Anodontini      
  |                                     
  |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **   
  |  |                                  
  +--+  +-------------- Middendorffinaia **
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Unio **            
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Nodularia **       
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Schistodesmus **   
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Cuneopsis **       
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Inversiunio **     

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
49494782723348
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini   
  |                                           
--+                       +-- Lanceolariini   
  |  +--------------------+                   
  |  |                    +-- Anodontini      
  +--+                                        
     |  +-------------------- Aculamprotula **   
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Unio **            
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Middendorffinaia **
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Nodularia **       
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Schistodesmus **   
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Cuneopsis **       

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29292872422331
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
--+                    +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----------------+                  
  |  |                 +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
29636195915463
              +-------------- Chamberlainiini
              |                              
  +-----------+           +-- Contradentini  
  |           |  +--------+                  
  |           |  |        +-- Rectidentini   
  |           +--+                           
  |              |  +-------- Lamprotulini   
  |              +--+                        
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini  
--+                 +--+                     
  |                    |  +-- Inversiunio **    
  |                    +--+                  
  |                       +-- Gonideini      
  |                                          
  |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |  |                                       
  |  |                 +----- Anodontini     
  +--+  +--------------+                     
     |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
     |  |              +--+                  
     +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
        |                                    
        |  +----------------- Globunio **       
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
           |  |                              
           +--+  +----------- Unio **           
              |  |                           
              +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
                 |  +-----+                  
                 |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Cuneopsis **      

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262624622135
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Middendorffinaia **
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia **       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Cuneopsis **       

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262624622135
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Middendorffinaia **
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Nodularia **       
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **   
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Cuneopsis **       

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232314185141
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
23232181515422
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                          
  |                    +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +-----------------+                     
  |  |                 |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |                 +--+                  
  +--+                    +-- Anodontini     
     |                                       
     |  +-------------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                    
        |  +----------------- Unio **           
        +--+                                 
           |  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                              
              |  +----------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                           
                 |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Inversiunio **    

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232320185141
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22221711231446
                                   +----- Pletholophus    
  +--------------------------------+                      
  |                                |  +-- Sinanodonta     
  |                                +--+                   
  |                                   +-- Beringiana      
--+                                                       
  |  +----------------------------------- Cristaria       
  |  |                                                    
  |  |                                +-- Alasmidontina   
  |  +--------------------------------+                   
  +--+                                +-- Anodontina      
     |                                                    
     |  +-------------------------------- Lanceolariini   
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +----------------------------- Lepidodesmini   
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +-------------------------- Acuticostini    
           |  |                                           
           +--+  +----------------------- Globunio **        
              |  |                                        
              +--+  +-------------------- Aculamprotula **   
                 |  |                                     
                 +--+  +----------------- Middendorffinaia **
                    |  |                                  
                    +--+  +-------------- Nodularia **       
                       |  |                               
                       +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **       
                          |  |                            
                          |  |        +-- Diaurora **        
                          +--+--------+                   
                             |        +-- Schistodesmus **   
                             |                            
                             |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
                             +--+                         
                                |  +----- Unio **            
                                +--+                      
                                   |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
                                   +--+                   
                                      +-- Inversiunio **     

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22222077324425
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                    
  |              +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
     |  |                              
     +--+  +----------- Unio **           
        |  |                           
        +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Cuneopsis **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22221976924422
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                    
  |              +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
     |  |                              
     +--+  +----------- Unio **           
        |  |                           
        +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
           |  |                        
           +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
              |                        
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Cuneopsis **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22221976924422
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                    
  |              +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
     |  |                              
     +--+  +----------- Unio **           
        |  |                           
        +--+  +-------- Nodularia **      
           |  |                        
           +--+-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
              |                        
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Cuneopsis **      

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22222077324426
  +-------------------------- Lepidodesmini               
  |                                                       
  |                    +----- Anodontini                  
--+  +-----------------+                                  
  |  |                 |  +-- Acuticostini                
  |  |                 +--+                               
  +--+                    +-- Lanceolariini               
     |                                                    
     |  +-------------------- Aculamprotula **               
     |  |                                                 
     +--+  +----------------- Unio **                        
        |  |                                              
        +--+  +-------------- Pseudocuneopsis **             
           |  |                                           
           +--+  +----------- Nodularia **                   
              |  |                                        
              +--+        +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__1 **
                 |  +-----+                               
                 |  |     +-- Cuneopsis **                   
                 +--+                                     
                    |  +----- Tchangsinaia **                
                    +--+                                  
                       |  +-- Schistodesmus_lampreyanus__2 **
                       +--+                               
                          +-- Schistodesmus_spinosus **      

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20201875315421
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2020197206426
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Anodontini     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
194522618026450
  +-------- Acuticostini         
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus **        
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  +-------- Unio **                 
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotula **        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia **            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191916618026423
  +-------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+--------------+                
     |              +-- Anodontini   
     |                               
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Unio **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Nodularia **    
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Cuneopsis **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917333236
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio **         
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917333235
        +-- Lanceolariini
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio **         
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816617926425
  +-------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                  
  |              +----- Lepidodesmini
--+  +-----------+                   
  |  |           |  +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |           +--+                
  +--+              +-- Anodontini   
     |                               
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Unio **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Nodularia **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Cuneopsis **    

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171714102314411
  +----------------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini   
--+  |                                     
  |  |                 +-- Lanceolariini   
  |  +-----------------+                   
  +--+                 +-- Anodontini      
     |                                     
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **   
     |  |                                  
     |  |              +-- Middendorffinaia **
     +--+  +-----------+                   
        |  |           +-- Nodularia **       
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **       
           |  |                            
           |  |        +-- Diaurora **        
           +--+--------+                   
              |        +-- Schistodesmus **   
              |                            
              |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Inversiunio **     
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Unio **            

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171714102314411
                          +-- Anemina               
  +-----------------------+                         
  |                       +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                                 
  |                    +----- Pletholophus          
  |  +-----------------+                            
--+  |                 |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |                 +--+                         
  |  |                    +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                                              
  |  |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Acuticostini          
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                                           
     |  +-------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
     |  |                                           
     +--+-------------------- Cristaria             
        |                                           
        |                 +-- Alasmidontina         
        +-----------------+                         
        |                 +-- Anodontina            
        |                                           
        |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **         
        |  |                                        
        |  |              +-- Middendorffinaia **      
        +--+  +-----------+                         
           |  |           +-- Nodularia **             
           |  |                                     
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
              |  |                                  
              |  |        +-- Diaurora **              
              +--+--------+                         
                 |        +-- Schistodesmus **         
                 |                                  
                 |  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **       
                 +--+                               
                    |  +----- Inversiunio **           
                    +--+                            
                       |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
                       +--+                         
                          +-- Unio **                  

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
17171573510425
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Lanceolariini  
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Anodontini     
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614193136
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15151375317422
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15151375818422
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Cuneopsis **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15151375818422
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Tchangsinaia **   

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15211952814426
  +----------------------------------- Anemina              
  |                                                         
--+  +-------------------------------- Acuticostini         
  |  |                                                      
  +--+  +----------------------------- Sinanodonta          
     |  |                                                   
     +--+  +-------------------------- Aculamprotula **        
        |  |                                                
        +--+                       +-- Cristaria            
           |  +--------------------+                        
           |  |                    +-- Lanceolariini        
           +--+                                             
              |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini        
              +--+                                          
                 |  +----------------- Schistodesmus **        
                 +--+                                       
                    |  +-------------- Nodularia **            
                    +--+                                    
                       |  +----------- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
                       +--+                                 
                          |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **         
                          +--+                              
                             |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
                             +--+                           
                                |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
                                +--+                        
                                   +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **     

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15151353016420
  +-------------------------- Anemina      
  |                                        
--+  +----------------------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                                     
  +--+  +-------------------- Acuticostini 
     |  |                                  
     +--+                 +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--------------+                
        |  |              +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                               
           |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
           +--+                            
              |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
              +--+                         
                 |  +-------- Nodularia **    
                 +--+                      
                    |  +----- Tchangsinaia ** 
                    +--+                   
                       |  +-- Schistodesmus **
                       +--+                
                          +-- Cuneopsis **    

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141273513423
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **  

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200030
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unio **     

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100033
1

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141263919419
  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                            
  |        +----- Anodontini   
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Acuticostini 
--+        +--+                
  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |                            
  |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Unio **         
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Nodularia **    
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
           +--+                
              +-- Cuneopsis **    

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1414128108329
  +----------------------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                                    
--+                          +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +-----------------------+                         
  |  |                       +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                                                 
     |  +----------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                                              
     +--+  +-------------------- Anodontini            
        |  |                                           
        +--+  +----------------- Unio **                  
           |  |                                        
           +--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula **         
              |  |                                     
              +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **             
                 |  |                                  
                 +--+        +-- Nodularia **             
                    |  +-----+                         
                    |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **         
                    +--+                               
                       |  +----- Tchangsinaia **          
                       +--+                            
                          |  +-- Inversiunio **           
                          +--+                         
                             +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141410243132
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Nodularia ** 
  +--+             
     +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141716383128
  +-------- Aculamprotula **
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141498108326
  +----------------- Acuticostini          
  |                                        
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_grayii    
--+  |                                     
  |  +-------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  |  |                                     
  +--+-------------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                                     
     |  +----------- Anodontini            
     |  |                                  
     |  |  +-------- Unio **                  
     +--+  |                               
        |  +-------- Aculamprotula **         
        |  |                               
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis **             
           |  |                            
           |  |  +-- Nodularia **             
           |  +--+                         
           +--+  +-- Schistodesmus **         
              |                            
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **          
              |  |                         
              +--+-- Inversiunio **           
                 |                         
                 +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131465522326
                                +-- Anemina      
  +-----------------------------+                
  |                             +-- Buldowskia   
  |                                              
--+                          +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +-----------------------+                   
  |  |                       |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |                       +--+                
  +--+                          +-- Beringiana   
     |                                           
     |  +-------------------------- Cristaria    
     |  |                                        
     +--+                       +-- Anodontina   
        |  +--------------------+                
        |  |                    +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                                     
           |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini
           +--+                                  
              |  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                               
                 |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
                 +--+                            
                    |  +----------- Unio **         
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-------- Inversiunio **  
                       +--+                      
                          |  +----- Nodularia **    
                          +--+                   
                             |  +-- Schistodesmus **
                             +--+                
                                +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131173313424
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
  |                 +----- Anodontini     
--+  +--------------+                     
  |  |              |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |              +--+                  
  +--+                 +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **  

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131465522326
                                +-- Anemina      
  +-----------------------------+                
  |                             +-- Buldowskia   
  |                                              
--+                          +----- Sinanodonta  
  |  +-----------------------+                   
  |  |                       |  +-- Pletholophus 
  |  |                       +--+                
  +--+                          +-- Beringiana   
     |                                           
     |  +-------------------------- Cristaria    
     |  |                                        
     +--+                       +-- Anodontina   
        |  +--------------------+                
        |  |                    +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                                     
           |  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                                  
              |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
              +--+                               
                 |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
                 +--+                            
                    |  +----------- Unio **         
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-------- Nodularia **    
                       +--+                      
                          |  +----- Inversiunio **  
                          +--+                   
                             |  +-- Schistodesmus **
                             +--+                
                                +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
13131365522326
                                +-- Anemina      
  +-----------------------------+                
  |                             +-- Buldowskia   
  |                                              
--+                          +----- Pletholophus 
  |  +-----------------------+                   
  |  |                       |  +-- Beringiana   
  |  |                       +--+                
  +--+                          +-- Sinanodonta  
     |                                           
     |  +-------------------------- Cristaria    
     |  |                                        
     +--+                       +-- Anodontina   
        |  +--------------------+                
        |  |                    +-- Alasmidontina
        +--+                                     
           |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini
           +--+                                  
              |  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
              +--+                               
                 |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
                 +--+                            
                    |  +----------- Unio **         
                    +--+                         
                       |  +-------- Inversiunio **  
                       +--+                      
                          |  +----- Nodularia **    
                          +--+                   
                             |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                             +--+                
                                +-- Schistodesmus **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311420027
           +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **   
  +--------+                            
  |        |  +-- Middendorffinaia **      
  |        +--+                         
--+           +-- Pseudocuneopsis **       
  |                                     
  |  +----------- Tchangsinaia **          
  |  |                                  
  +--+        +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis ** 
     +--+                               
        |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **  
        +--+                            
           |  +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **      
           +--+                         
              +-- Cuneopsis_demangei **    

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1313118108328
  +-------------------------- Acuticostini   
  |                                          
--+  +----------------------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                                       
  +--+  +-------------------- Anodontini     
     |  |                                    
     +--+  +----------------- Unio **           
        |  |                                 
        +--+  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
           |  |                              
           +--+  +----------- Cuneopsis **      
              |  |                           
              +--+        +-- Nodularia **      
                 |  +-----+                  
                 |  |     +-- Schistodesmus **  
                 +--+                        
                    |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                    +--+                     
                       |  +-- Inversiunio **    
                       +--+                  
                          +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311400026
  +-------- Unio **            
--+                         
  |  +----- Inversiunio **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Middendorffinaia **
     +--+                   
        +-- Nodularia **       

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210700019.5
  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
--+                                 
  |  +-------------- Nodularia **      
  +--+                              
     |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     +--+                           
        |  +-------- Schistodesmus **  
        +--+                        
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **      
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
              +--+                  
                 +-- Inversiunio **    

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121614744232
           +----- Aculamprotula **  
  +--------+                     
  |        |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |        +--+                  
--+           +-- Lanceolariini  
  |                              
  |  +----------- Unio **           
  |  |                           
  +--+  +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
     |  |                        
     +--+     +-- Schistodesmus **  
        |  +--+                  
        |  |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Tchangsinaia **   
           +--+                  
              +-- Nodularia **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210400026
  +----- Nodularia **      
  |                     
--+  +-- Cuneopsis **      
  |  |                  
  +--+-- Tchangsinaia **   
     |                  
     +-- Pseudocuneopsis **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210755222
  +----------------------- Anodontini     
--+                                       
  |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **  

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12121064421425
                 +-- Lepidodesmini   
              +--+                   
              |  +-- Lanceolariini   
  +-----------+                      
  |           |  +-- Acuticostini    
  |           +--+                   
--+              +-- Anodontini      
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Middendorffinaia **
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unio **            
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Nodularia **       
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Cuneopsis **       

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121211500023
  +----------- Nodularia **    
--+                         
  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio **         
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12121074115425
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
--+  +-------------------- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                                    
  +--+                 +-- Acuticostini   
     |  +--------------+                  
     |  |              +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
        |  |                              
        +--+  +----------- Unio **           
           |  |                           
           +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **  
              |  +-----+                  
              |  |     +-- Cuneopsis **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Nodularia **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Tchangsinaia **   

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119163129
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111968015423
  +-------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                  
  |              +----- Lanceolariini
--+  +-----------+                   
  |  |           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  |           +--+                
  +--+              +-- Anodontini   
     |                               
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Unio **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Nodularia **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Schistodesmus **

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111962915424
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                                  
  |              +----- Anodontini   
--+  +-----------+                   
  |  |           |  +-- Acuticostini 
  |  |           +--+                
  +--+              +-- Lanceolariini
     |                               
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Unio **         
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Nodularia **    
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis **    
                 +--+                
                    +-- Schistodesmus **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111513565329
  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
  |                            
--+           +-- Acuticostini 
  |  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Unio **         
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Nodularia **    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                
              +-- Cuneopsis **    

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111954515423
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
  |           +----- Lanceolariini
--+  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Acuticostini 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Anodontini   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11118443325
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
--+  +----- Unio **         
  |  |                   
  +--+  +-- Schistodesmus **
     |  |                
     +--+-- Cuneopsis **    
        |                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111866917227
                 +-- Lanceolariini
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Anodontini   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unio **         
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Nodularia **    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis **    

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111197105426
  +----------------------------- Anodontina      
  |                                              
--+                          +-- Acuticostini    
  |  +-----------------------+                   
  |  |                       +-- Cristariina     
  +--+                                           
     |  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini   
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------------------- Lanceolariini   
        +--+                                     
           |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **   
           +--+                                  
              |  +-------------- Unio **            
              +--+                               
                 |  +----------- Middendorffinaia **
                 +--+                            
                    |  +-------- Nodularia **       
                    +--+                         
                       |  +----- Cuneopsis **       
                       +--+                      
                          |  +-- Inversiunio **     
                          +--+                   
                             +-- Schistodesmus **   

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100029
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1111968015423
  +----------------------- Acuticostini 
  |                                     
--+                    +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----------------+                
  |  |                 +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                                  
     |  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                               
        |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **
        +--+                            
           |  +----------- Unio **         
           +--+                         
              |  +-------- Nodularia **    
              +--+                      
                 |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
                 +--+                   
                    |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                    +--+                
                       +-- Schistodesmus **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1113107105427
  +----------------- Acuticostini    
  |                                  
  +----------------- Cristariina     
  |                                  
  +----------------- Anodontina      
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini   
  |  |                               
  |  |           +-- Aculamprotula **   
  |  +-----------+                   
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                               
     |  +----------- Unio **            
     |  |                            
     +--+  +-------- Middendorffinaia **
        |  |                         
        +--+  +----- Cuneopsis **       
           |  |                      
           +--+----- Nodularia **       
              |                      
              |  +-- Inversiunio **     
              +--+                   
                 +-- Schistodesmus **   

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108612917226
                 +-- Lanceolariini
  +--------------+                
  |              +-- Anodontini   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Unio **         
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Nodularia **    
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Cuneopsis **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010853412324
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+              +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010852811324.5
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+              +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108411126
  +----------- Lepidodesmini   
--+                            
  |  +-------- Tchangsinaia **    
  +--+                         
     |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis ** 
     +--+                      
        |  +-- Middendorffinaia **
        +--+                   
           +-- Cuneopsis **       

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10106612917224
     +----------- Unio **                
     |                                
  +--+  +-------- Aculamprotula **       
  |  |  |                             
  |  |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
  |  +--+                             
  |     +-------- Nodularia **           
  |     |                             
  |     |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
--+     +--+                          
  |        |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
  |        +--+                       
  |           +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 
  |                                   
  |     +-------- Lanceolariini       
  |     |                             
  |     +-------- Cristariina         
  +-----+                             
        |  +----- Anodonta_anatina    
        |  |                          
        |  +----- Pseudanodonta       
        +--+                          
           +----- Alasmidontina       
           |                          
           |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea     
           +--+                       
              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010866616226
                    +-- Lanceolariini       
  +-----------------+                       
  |                 +-- Anodontini          
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Unio **                
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **       
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Nodularia **           
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101087197121
  +-------------------- Anodontini     
--+                                    
  |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
  +--+                                 
     |  +-------------- Unio **           
     +--+                              
        |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
        +--+                           
           |  +-------- Nodularia **      
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Tchangsinaia **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100030
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101210632229
  +-------------- Unio **            
  |                               
  |        +----- Aculamprotula **   
--+  +-----+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini      
  |  |     +--+                   
  +--+        +-- Lepidodesmini   
     |                            
     |  +-------- Middendorffinaia **
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Inversiunio **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Cuneopsis **       
           +--+                   
              +-- Nodularia **       

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10100611517223
     +-- Unio_crassus **         
     |                        
     +-- Unio_pictorum **        
     |                        
     +-- Unio_tumidus **         
     |                        
     +-- Aculamprotula **        
     |                        
     +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii ** 
  +--+                        
  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **         
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **  
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Nodularia_douglasiae ** 
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **        
  |                           
  |  +-- Alasmidonta          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_anatina     
--+  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana 
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Lasmigona            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pseudanodonta        
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Pyganodon            
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Simpsonaias          
  |  |                        
  |  +-- Strophitus           
  +--+                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lauta    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_plicata    
     |                        
     +-- Cristaria_radiata    
     |                        
     +-- Pletholophus         
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_lucida   
     |                        
     +-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi  
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola 
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
     |                        
     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010866616226
                    +-- Lanceolariini       
  +-----------------+                       
  |                 +-- Anodontini          
--+                                         
  |  +----------------- Unio **                
  +--+                                      
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **       
     +--+                                   
        |  +----------- Nodularia **           
        +--+                                
           |  +-------- Schistodesmus **       
           +--+                             
              |  +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
              +--+                          
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia **        
                 +--+                       
                    +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens ** 

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010851313324
  +-------------------- Anodontini   
--+                                  
  |  +----------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                               
     |  +-------------- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                            
        |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
        +--+                         
           |  +-------- Unio **         
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
                 +--+                
                    +-- Nodularia **    

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010853812324
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+              +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Schistodesmus **
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1010853412324
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
--+              +-- Lanceolariini
  |  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Schistodesmus **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9974339121
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio **         
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Nodularia **    

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9977459323
  +----------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                       
--+                    +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  +-----------------+                  
  |  |                 +-- Anodontini     
  +--+                                    
     |  +----------------- Aculamprotula **  
     +--+                                 
        |  +-------------- Unio **           
        +--+                              
           |  +----------- Pseudocuneopsis **
           +--+                           
              |  +-------- Nodularia **      
              +--+                        
                 |  +----- Tchangsinaia **   
                 +--+                     
                    |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                    +--+                  
                       +-- Schistodesmus **  

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
995183129
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
996120027
1

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8865239225
  +----------------- Anodontini   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Nodularia **    
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Cuneopsis **    

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886220024
  +-- Middendorffinaia **
--+                   
  +-- Nodularia **       

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885332122
  +-------- Anodontini      
--+                         
  |  +----- Unio **            
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Middendorffinaia **
     +--+                   
        +-- Nodularia **       

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
884100028
1

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8121342513427
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus **
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticostini 
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio **  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885200024
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unio **     

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77574610424
  +-------------------- Lepidodesmini  
  |                                    
  |              +----- Anodontini     
--+  +-----------+                     
  |  |           |  +-- Acuticostini   
  |  |           +--+                  
  +--+              +-- Lanceolariini  
     |                                 
     |  +-------------- Aculamprotula **  
     |  |                              
     +--+  +----------- Unio **           
        |  |                           
        +--+        +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
           |  +-----+                  
           |  |     +-- Nodularia **      
           +--+                        
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **  
              +--+                     
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis **      
                 +--+                  
                    +-- Tchangsinaia **   

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100025
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
722552715443
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1  
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2  
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1   
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta      
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_japonica    
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana  
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
  |                             
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1 
  |                             
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2 
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1  
--+                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2  
  |                             
  +----- Pletholophus           
  |                             
  +----- Anemina                
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata 
  |                             
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3   
  |                             
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola   
  |                             
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula     
  |                             
  +----- Lepidodesmini          
  |                             
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **          
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Acuticostini           
  |                             
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **              
  +--+                          
  |  +-- Nodularia **              
  |                             
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **          
  +--+                          
     +-- Inversiunio **            

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
776141126
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71194146325
     +----- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                   
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |  +--+                
--+     +-- Nodularia **    
  |                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Acuticostini 

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
784241125
  +----------- Nodularia **        
  |                             
  |        +-- Unio_gibbus **      
--+        |                    
  |  +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **     
  |  |     |                    
  |  |     +-- Anodontini       
  +--+                          
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__1 ** 
     |  |                       
     |  +----- Unio_pictorum__2 ** 
     +--+                       
        +----- Unio_mancus **      
        |                       
        |  +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
        +--+                    
           +-- Unio_crassus **     

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775130025
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77552511221
  +----------------- Anodontini   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
              +--+                
                 +-- Nodularia **    

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
776183127
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775220019
  +-- Nodularia **    
--+                
  +-- Aculamprotula **

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775575322
  +-------------------- Anodontini         
  |                                        
--+                 +-- Acuticostini       
  |  +--------------+                      
  |  |              +-- Lanceolariini      
  +--+                                     
     |  +-------------- Tchangsinaia **       
     +--+                                  
        |  +----------- Cuneopsis_heudei **   
        +--+                               
           |  +-------- Nodularia **          
           +--+                            
              |  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **    
              +--+                         
                 |  +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
                 +--+                      
                    +-- Schistodesmus **      

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77542410324
        +----- Anodontini   
  +-----+                   
  |     |  +-- Acuticostini 
  |     +--+                
--+        +-- Lanceolariini
  |                         
  |  +-------- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio **         
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Nodularia **    

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
77552411221
  +----------------- Anodontini   
--+                               
  |  +-------------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664220020
  +-- Nodularia **  
--+              
  +-- Inversiunio **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6645309423
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini
  |                               
  |           +----- Lanceolariini
--+  +--------+                   
  |  |        |  +-- Acuticostini 
  |  |        +--+                
  +--+           +-- Anodontini   
     |                            
     |  +----------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665300021
  +----- Nodularia **
--+               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis **
  +--+            
     +-- Unio **     

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664300022
  +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
--+                     
  |  +-- Schistodesmus **  
  +--+                  
     +-- Nodularia **      

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200020
  +-- Nodularia **
--+            
  +-- Unio **     

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664141125
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
6643167118
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio **         
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664183124
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
67553210424
  +----------------- Anodontini   
  |                               
  |              +-- Acuticostini 
--+  +-----------+                
  |  |           +-- Lanceolariini
  |  |                            
  +--+           +-- Lepidodesmini
     |  +--------+                
     |  |        +-- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                         
        |  +-------- Unio **         
        +--+                      
           |  +----- Schistodesmus **
           +--+                   
              |  +-- Nodularia **    
              +--+                
                 +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533185224
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Aculamprotula **
        +--+                
           +-- Unio **         

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553200023
  +-- Tchangsinaia **
--+               
  +-- Nodularia **   

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532155223
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio **         

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533175222
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                
           +-- Unio **         

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532290019
  +-- Unio **         
--+                
  +-- Aculamprotula **

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553110023
1

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553175125
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5532290019
  +-- Unio **         
--+                
  +-- Aculamprotula **

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5643133220
  +-------- Aculamprotula **
--+                      
  |  +----- Acuticostini 
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Nodularia **    
     +--+                
        +-- Cuneopsis **    

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
513113368230
  +-------- Aculamprotula **
  |                      
--+     +-- Schistodesmus **
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unio **         
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533368222
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                
           +-- Unio **         

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55427812222
     +-- Unio **         
  +--+                
  |  +-- Nodularia **    
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini   

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553290019
  +-- Unio **         
--+                
  +-- Aculamprotula **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533167119
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio **         
     +--+                
        +-- Nodularia **    

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533266219
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Acuticostini 
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Unio **         
        +--+                
           +-- Nodularia **    

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553255223
  +-------- Lanceolariini
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio **         

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554110026
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5533175224
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Aculamprotula **
        +--+                
           +-- Unio **         

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
55333114221
        +-- Lanceolariini   
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Anodontini      
--+                         
  |  +----- Middendorffinaia **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Nodularia **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Unio **            

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441100022
1

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442110024
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442155124
  +----- Anodonta_anatina
  |                      
  +----- Anodonta_cygnea 
--+                      
  +----- Pseudanodonta   
  |                      
  |  +-- Cristariina     
  +--+                   
     +-- Unio **            

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4422134122
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4423122220
  +-------- Lanceolariini
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Nodularia **    
     +--+                
        +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442155124
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unio **       

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4452179222
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Nodularia **    
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio **  

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442153122
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
443150023
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4424117220
  +-------------- Anodontini   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                         
     |  +-------- Aculamprotula **
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Nodularia **    
           +--+                
              +-- Unio **         

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311204124
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312211121
  +----- Acuticostini
--+                  
  |  +-- Nodularia **   
  +--+               
     +-- Inversiunio ** 

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330143121
1

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100023
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
330144123
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Unio **       
  +--+              
     +-- Anodontina 

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311164124
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
34223112220
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Aculamprotula **

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331143121
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3902121128
  +-- Aculamprotula **  
  |                  
  +-- Lamprotula     
  |                  
  +-- Lampsilini     
  |                  
  +-- Potomida       
  |                  
--+-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
  |                  
  +-- Lamellidentini 
  |                  
  +-- Pleurobemini   

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331122121
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353132123
  +-------- Unio_crassus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Unio_pictorum **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini   

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313545222
  +----------- Lanceolariini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Anodontini   
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio **         
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Nodularia **    
        +--+                
           +-- Tchangsinaia ** 

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3633106322
  +----------- Anodontini          
  |                                
--+        +-- Nodularia **           
  |  +-----+                       
  |  |     +-- Cuneopsis **           
  +--+                             
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticostini        
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotula **       

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353132123
  +-------- Unio_tumidus ** 
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Unio_crassus ** 
     +--+                
        +-- Unio_pictorum **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331133123
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unio **       

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3532131124
  +----------- Aculamprotula **  
--+                           
  |  +-------- Unio_pictorum **  
  +--+                        
     |  +----- Anodontini     
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
        +--+                  
           +-- Lamellidentini 

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331133123
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unio **       

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331133123
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331144123
        +-- Anodonta_anatina
  +-----+                   
  |     +-- Unio **            
--+                         
  |  +----- Cristariina     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta   

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103122
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331133123
  +----- Anodontina 
--+                 
  |  +-- Cristariina
  +--+              
     +-- Unio **       

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311156221
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3313545222
  +----------- Anodontini   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unio **         
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
        +--+                
           +-- Nodularia **    

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331154121
1

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3423111123
     +-- Schistodesmus **
  +--+                
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
--+                   
  |  +-- Anodontini   
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331155123
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina
  |                         
--+  +----- Cristariina     
  |  |                      
  +--+----- Unio **            
     |                      
     |  +-- Anodonta_cygnea 
     +--+                   
        +-- Pseudanodonta   

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311105121
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3311164124
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3312103122
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3402121123
  +-- Anodontini     
  |                  
  +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
--+                  
  +-- Unio_pictorum **  
  |                  
  +-- Aculamprotula **  

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3422134220
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                
        +-- Unio **         

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
314533111432
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus **
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticostini 
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia **    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona    

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
37533111425
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticostini 
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia **    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia ** 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus **
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331174123
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331155123
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
3972226128
  +-------------- Nodularia **       
  |                               
--+  +----------- Anodonta_cygnea 
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Unio_caffer **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Anodonta        
           +--+                   
              +-- Alasmidontina   

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331122123
  +----- Cristariina
--+                 
  |  +-- Anodontina 
  +--+              
     +-- Unio **       

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201931--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21002238128
  +----- Unio **         
--+                   
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini   

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202842--
  +----- Lanceolariini
--+                   
  |  +-- Inversiunio **  
  +--+                
     +-- Nodularia **    

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201821--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220117152--
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21702204135
  +----- Anodontina         
  |                         
  |  +-- Gonideini          
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_grandis  
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Utterbackia        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_straminea
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Lampsilis_teres    
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Megalonaias        
  |  |                      
  |  +-- Obliquaria         
  |  |                      
  +--+-- Theliderma         
     |                      
     +-- Quadrula           
     |                      
     +-- Uniomerus          
     |                      
     +-- Amblema            
     |                      
     +-- Elliptio           
     |                      
     +-- Fusconaia          
     |                      
     +-- Plectomerus        
     |                      
     +-- Aculamprotula **      
     |                      
     +-- Unio **               

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011081--
  +-- Nodularia **    
--+                
  +-- Lanceolariini

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22021872--
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lepidodesmini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Schistodesmus **
     +--+                
        +-- Unio **         

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011621--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202531--
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio **         
  +--+                
     +-- Aculamprotula **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220133331--
  +-- Cuneopsis ** 
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220136141--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22014441--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22014541--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201111--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012811--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012931--
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012931--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22014441--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201931--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013421--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22013231--
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022700--
  +-- Unio **         
--+                
  +-- Aculamprotula **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012811--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012861--
1

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012931--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2501293125
  +-- Unio_pictorum **
  |                
--+-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  |                
  +-- Anodontini   

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201111--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201661--
  +-- Unio **       
  |              
--+-- Cristariina
  |              
  +-- Anodontina 

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22014541--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2302106221
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Nodularia **    
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Inversiunio **  

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22012861--
1

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220115151--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22022381--
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Aculamprotula **
  +--+                
     +-- Unio **         

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202531--
  +----- Anodontini   
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio **         
  +--+                
     +-- Aculamprotula **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2501293125
  +----- Unio_pictorum **
--+                   
  |  +-- Unio_tumidus ** 
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini   

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011831--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101521--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110117171--
  +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea        
  |                                         
  +----------------- Pyganodon              
  |                                         
  +----------------- Alasminota             
  |                                         
  +----------------- Anodonta_anatina       
  |                                         
  +----------------- Unio **                   
  |                                         
  +----------------- Cristariina            
  |                                         
  |              +-- Anodonta_nuttalliana   
--+--------------+                          
  |              +-- Anodonta_californiensis
  |                                         
  |              +-- Pseudodontoideus       
  |              |                          
  +--------------+-- Alasmidonta            
  |              |                          
  |              +-- Lasmigona              
  |                                         
  |  +-------------- Pseudanodonta          
  |  |                                      
  |  |        +----- Strophitus             
  |  +--------+                             
  +--+        |  +-- Prolasmidonta          
     |        +--+                          
     |           +-- Platynaias             
     |                                      
     |  +----------- Anodonta_oregonensis__4
     +--+                                   
        |  +-------- Anodonta_oregonensis__3
        +--+                                
           |  +----- Anodonta_oregonensis__2
           +--+                             
              |  +-- Anodonta_oregonensis__1
              +--+                          
                 +-- Anodonta_kennerlyi     

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101831--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011900--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012141--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101931--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011361--
  +-- Tchangsinaia **
--+               
  +-- Anodontini  

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011611--
-- Unio **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101911--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11014511--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101700--
-- Unio **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101400--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11013921--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012700--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011011--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200--
-- Unio_tumidus **

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110130281--
  +-- Schistodesmus **
--+                
  +-- Anodontini   

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101511--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101800--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011111--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011200--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101311--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011561--
  +-- Unio **      
--+             
  +-- Anodontini

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101500--
-- Unio_ravoisieri **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012700--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011000--
-- Unio_pictorum **

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011311--
  +-- Anodontini
--+             
  +-- Unio **      
 
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