The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)
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Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae tribe UNIONINI Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
5 subtribes Cladomics Summarynumber of species = 93 (115 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subtribe) = 5
analyzed in 267 cladograms in 150 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis =
67 (mean = 8.1, median = 5)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) =
5 (mean = 1.92, median = 2) Basic Monophylynumber of cladograms that test basic monophyly
(i.e., more than 1 included species) = 227
maximum number of included terminals = 67, (mean =
9.36 median = 7)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) =
5 (mean = 2.08, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly
= 0.85 Rigorous Monophylynumber of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 124
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing
more than one subtaxon (subtribe) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 67 (mean = 12.86, median = 11)
maximum number of subtaxa (subtribe) =
5 (mean = 2.86, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.78
Pairwise Cladogram ClusteringThe graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14 ** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram ** iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 67 | 76 | 81 | 5 | 564 | 90 | 4 | 0 | +----------------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----------- Lanceolariini
| +--+
--+ | | +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2 **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2
| | +--+
+--+ | +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1
| +--+
| +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1 **
|
| +----------- Globunio **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 49 | 49 | 47 | 4 | 27 | 23 | 3 | 68 | +-------------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +--------+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 47 | 47 | 45 | 5 | 94 | 22 | 4 | 66 | +----------------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-------- Globunionina **
+--+
| +----- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 31 | 5 | 62 | 32 | 4 | 73 | +----------------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--------+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----------- Globunionina **
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 31 | 3 | 20 | 18 | 1 | 73 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 33 | 33 | 31 | 4 | 32 | 30 | 3 | 72 | +-------------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +--------+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 30 | 30 | 28 | 3 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 72 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 24 | 4 | 94 | 43 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
+----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
+--------+
| +-- Anodontini
|
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 4 | 60 | 15 | 4 | 72 | +-------------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +-------- Globunionina **
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 28 | 28 | 26 | 3 | 58 | 16 | 4 | 70 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 74 | +----- Lepidodesmini
--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 26 | 26 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 72 | +----- Lepidodesmini
--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 24 | 24 | 22 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 4 | 72 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 21 | 3 | 73 | 24 | 4 | 75 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 69 | 24 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 14 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 79 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 73 | 24 | 4 | 76 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 20 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 85 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 23 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 69 | 24 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 17 | 5 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 76 | +----- Pletholophus
+--------------------------------+
| | +-- Sinanodonta
| +--+
| +-- Beringiana
--+
| +----------------------------------- Cristaria
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina
| +--------------------------------+
+--+ +-- Anodontina
|
| +-------------------------------- Lanceolariini
| |
+--+ +----------------------------- Lepidodesmini
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Acuticostini
| |
+--+ +----------------------- Globunionina **
| |
+--+ +-------------------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Middendorffinaiina **
| |
+--+ +-------------- Nodularia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Cuneopsis **
| |
| | +-- Diaurora **
+--+--------+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
|
| +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Inversiunio **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 78 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 22 | 22 | 19 | 5 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 81 | +-- Anemina
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Amuranodonta
|
| +----- Pletholophus
--+ +--------------------------+
| | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana
+--+
| +-- Alasmidontina
| +--------------------------+
| | +-- Anodontina
| |
+--+ +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| |
| +-------------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
| |
+--+-------------------------- Cristaria
|
| +----------------------- Acuticostini
| |
| +----------------------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-------------------- Globunionina **
| |
+--+ +----------------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
| | +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Nodularia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Cuneopsis **
| |
| | +-- Diaurora **
+--+--------+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
|
| +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Inversiunio **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 17 | 3 | 179 | 26 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
--+ +-------- Lepidodesmini
| |
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 21 | 19 | 3 | 53 | 15 | 4 | 73 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 21 | 47 | 24 | 3 | 179 | 26 | 4 | 94 | +-------- Acuticostini
|
+-------- Alasmidonta
|
+-------- Anodonta_anatina
|
+-------- Anemina
|
+-------- Anodonta_cygnea
|
+-------- Cristaria
|
+-------- Brachyanodon
|
+-------- Lasmigona
|
+-------- Lepidodesmini
|
+-------- Pseudanodonta
|
+-------- Pyganodon
|
--+-------- Simpsonaias
|
+-------- Strophitus
|
+-------- Utterbackia
|
+-------- Lanceolariini
|
+-------- Schistodesmus **
|
+-------- Unionina **
|
+-------- Aculamprotulina **
|
| +-- Pletholophus
+-----+
| +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
| |
| +----- Tchangsinaia **
| |
+--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
|
+----- Nodularia **
|
| +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 20 | 20 | 18 | 3 | 178 | 26 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 76 | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 19 | 19 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 86 | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 32 | 30 | 4 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 90 | +-------------- Globunionina **
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +-------- Acuticostini
+--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 4 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 83 | +----------------------- Acuticostini
|
| +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
--+ |
| | +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----------------+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----------------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
| | +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Nodularia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Cuneopsis **
| |
| | +-- Diaurora **
+--+--------+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
|
| +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Inversiunio **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 80 | +-------- Globunionina **
+-----------+
| | +----- Aculamprotulina **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionina **
| +--+
--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----------------- Acuticostini
| |
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Anodontina
| |
| | +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+ +-----+
| | | +-- Cristaria
| | +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Anemina
| +-----+
| | +-- Amuranodonta
+--+
| +----- Pletholophus
+--+
| +-- Sinanodonta
+--+
+-- Beringiana
Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 15 | 4 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 83 | +-- Anemina
+-----------------------+
| +-- Amuranodonta
|
| +----- Pletholophus
| +-----------------+
--+ | | +-- Sinanodonta
| | +--+
| | +-- Beringiana
| |
| | +-------------------- Lanceolaria_gladiola
+--+ |
| +-------------------- Acuticostini
| |
| +-------------------- Lepidodesmini
| |
| +-------------------- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
| |
+--+-------------------- Cristaria
|
| +-- Alasmidontina
+-----------------+
| +-- Anodontina
|
| +----------------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
| | +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+ +-----------+
| | +-- Nodularia **
| |
+--+ +----------- Cuneopsis **
| |
| | +-- Diaurora **
+--+--------+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
|
| +-------- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +----- Inversiunio **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 18 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 35 | 10 | 4 | 74 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Anodontini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 17 | 15 | 2 | 30 | 16 | 4 | 77 | +----------------- Anemina
|
--+ +-------------- Sinanodonta
| |
+--+ +----------- Acuticostini
| |
+--+ +-- Lepidodesmini
| +-----+
| | +-- Cristaria
+--+
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 17 | 23 | 21 | 2 | 28 | 14 | 4 | 81 | +----------------- Anemina
|
--+ +-------------- Acuticostini
| |
+--+ +----------- Sinanodonta
| |
+--+ +-------- Aculamprotulina **
| |
+--+ +-- Cristaria
| +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 58 | 18 | 4 | 78 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 58 | 18 | 4 | 78 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 16 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 53 | 17 | 4 | 78 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 15 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 80 | +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 35 | 13 | 4 | 79 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 39 | 19 | 4 | 76 | +-------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
--+ | +-- Unionina **
| +--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 77 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
| +-------- Lanceolaria_grayii
--+ |
| +-------- Lanceolaria_gladiola
| |
+--+-------- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
|
| +----- Anodontini
| |
+--+ +-- Unionina **
| |
+--+-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Oxynaiina **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 33 | 5 | 2 | 78 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 80 | +----------------- Acuticostini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
| +-----------+
| | +-- Lanceolaria_grayii
+--+
| +----------- Lanceolaria_gladiola
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 14 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 76 | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 55 | 22 | 3 | 78 | +-- Anemina
+--------------------+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
--+ +----- Sinanodonta
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Pletholophus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Beringiana
|
| +----------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontina
| +-----------+
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 33 | 13 | 4 | 80 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Anodontini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Acuticostini
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lanceolariini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 13 | 3 | 55 | 22 | 3 | 78 | +-- Anemina
+--------------------+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
--+ +----- Pletholophus
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Beringiana
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Sinanodonta
|
| +----------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontina
| +-----------+
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | +-------- Unionina **
--+
| +----- Inversiunio **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Nodularia **
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 41 | 15 | 4 | 79 | +-------------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +----------- Lanceolariini
| |
+--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 17 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 77 | +-- Unionina **
+-----+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 55 | 22 | 3 | 78 | +-- Anemina
+--------------------+
| +-- Buldowskia
|
--+ +----- Sinanodonta
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Pletholophus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Beringiana
|
| +----------------- Cristaria
| |
+--+ +-- Anodontina
| +-----------+
| | +-- Alasmidontina
+--+
| +----------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 77 | +----- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
+--------+
| | +-- Middendorffinaiina **
| +--+
--+ +-- Pseudocuneopsis **
|
| +----------- Tchangsinaia **
| |
+--+ +-- Cuneopsis_kiangsiensis **
| +-----+
| | +-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
+--+
| +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
+--+
| +-- Cuneopsis_heudei **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis_demangei **
Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 13 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 81 | +-------------- Acuticostini
--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 85 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
+----------- Cristariina
|
--+----------- Anodontina
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
| |
| | +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+-----+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 44 | 21 | 4 | 76 | +-------- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
| | +----- Aculamprotulina **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionina **
| +--+
--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +-- Lepidodesmini
| +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79.5 | +-- Aculamprotulina **
--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 84 | +-------------------- Anodontina
|
--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +--------------+
| | +-- Cristariina
+--+
| +-------------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | +----------- Nodularia **
--+
| +-------- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +----- Cuneopsis **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Tchangsinaia **
Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 12 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 74 | +-------- Aculamprotulina **
|
--+ +-- Acuticostini
| +--+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 45 | 15 | 4 | 77 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Oxynaiina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unionina **
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 78 | +----- Lanceolariini
--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 19 | 7 | 1 | 83 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 83 | +----------- Unionina **
|
--+ +-- Middendorffinaiina **
| +-----+
| | +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Lepidodesmini
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 80 | 15 | 4 | 79 | +----------- Acuticostini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 29 | 15 | 4 | 77 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Oxynaiina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Unionina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 69 | 17 | 2 | 79 | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 11 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 80 | 15 | 4 | 79 | +-------------- Acuticostini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +--------+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +-------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 34 | 12 | 3 | 76 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 66 | 16 | 2 | 81 | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 13 | 13 | 3 | 76 | +-------------- Anodontini
--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 78 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+
| +-------- Tchangsinaia **
+--+
| +----- Pseudocuneopsis **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 128 | 17 | 2 | 81 | +----------- Unionina **
|
+--+ +-------- Aculamprotulina **
| | |
| | +-------- Schistodesmus **
| +--+
| +-------- Nodularia **
| |
| | +----- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
--+ +--+
| | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| +--+
| +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
|
| +-------- Lanceolariini
| |
| +-------- Cristariina
+-----+
| +----- Anodonta_anatina
| |
| +----- Pseudanodonta
+--+
+----- Alasmidontina
|
| +-- Anodonta_cygnea
+--+
+-- Brachyanodon
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 114 | 17 | 2 | 83 | +-- Unio_crassus **
|
+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Unio_tumidus **
|
+-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
+--+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
| |
| +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
| |
| +-- Nodularia_douglasiae **
| |
| +-- Nodularia_nuxpersicae **
| |
| +-- Schistodesmus **
|
| +-- Alasmidonta
| |
| +-- Anodonta_anatina
--+ |
| +-- Anodonta_cygnea
| |
| +-- Brachyanodon
| |
| +-- Lasmigona
| |
| +-- Pseudanodonta
| |
| +-- Pyganodon
| |
| +-- Simpsonaias
| |
| +-- Strophitus
+--+
+-- Sinanodonta_lauta
|
+-- Cristaria_plicata
|
+-- Cristaria_radiata
|
+-- Pletholophus
|
+-- Sinanodonta_lucida
|
+-- Sinanodonta_jourdyi
|
+-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
|
+-- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
|
+-- Lanceolaria_grayii__2
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 34 | 12 | 3 | 76 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 28 | 11 | 3 | 76.5 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 66 | 16 | 2 | 81 | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 128 | 17 | 2 | 81 | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 10 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 38 | 12 | 3 | 76 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 33 | 9 | 1 | 75 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 44 | 9 | 3 | 82 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
--+ +-- Lanceolariini
| +-----+
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 83 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 78 | Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 23 | 8 | 3 | 85 | +----- Lanceolariini
+--------+
| | +-- Acuticostini
| +--+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
| +--------+
| | +-- Aculamprotulina **
| |
+--+ +-- Tchangsinaia **
| +-----+
| | +-- Cuneopsis_rufescens **
+--+
| +----- Nodularia **
+--+
| +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii **
+--+
+-- Cuneopsis_celtiformis **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 25 | 13 | 4 | 87 | +-------------- Anodontini
|
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Nodularia **
| |
+--+ +-- Schistodesmus **
| +-----+
| | +-- Acuticostini
+--+
| +----- Inversiunio **
+--+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77 | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Unionina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 80 | +-- Middendorffinaiina **
--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 14 | 19 | 2 | 23 | 8 | 3 | 94 | +-------- Lanceolariini
|
--+ +-- Aculamprotulina **
| +--+
| | +-- Acuticostini
+--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 79 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 23 | 9 | 2 | 76 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 87 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 77 | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 82 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 32 | 10 | 4 | 82 | +----------- Anodontini
|
| +-- Acuticostini
--+ +-----+
| | +-- Lanceolariini
| |
+--+ +-- Lepidodesmini
| +--+
| | +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 30 | 9 | 4 | 81 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 77 | +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| | +-- Oxynaiina **
| +--+
--+ +-- Unionina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 82 | +----------- Oxynaiina **
|
| +-- Unio_gibbus **
--+ |
| +-----+-- Unio_tumidus **
| | |
| | +-- Anodontini
+--+
| +----- Unio_pictorum__1 **
| |
| +----- Unio_pictorum__2 **
+--+
+----- Unio_mancus **
|
| +-- Unio_tumidiformis **
+--+
+-- Unio_crassus **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 25 | 11 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 46 | 10 | 4 | 84 | +----------- Lepidodesmini
|
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Unionina **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
|
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 27 | 15 | 4 | 96 | +----- Lanceolaria_grayii__1
|
+----- Lanceolaria_grayii__2
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__1
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__2
|
+----- Sinanodonta_lauta
|
+----- Beringiana_japonica
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1
|
+----- Beringiana_beringiana
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2
|
+----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3
|
+----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1
|
+----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2
|
+----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1
--+
+----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2
|
+----- Pletholophus
|
+----- Anemina
|
+----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
|
+----- Cristaria_plicata__3
|
+----- Lanceolaria_gladiola
|
+----- Sinanodonta_angula
|
+----- Lepidodesmini
|
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
|
| +-- Cuneopsis **
+--+
| +-- Nodularia **
|
| +-- Schistodesmus **
+--+
+-- Inversiunio **
Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 83 | +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| | +-- Tchangsinaia **
| +--+
--+ +-- Nodularia **
|
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Acuticostini
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 11 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 81 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 78 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Unionina **
Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | +----- Nodularia **
--+
| +-- Cuneopsis **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 80 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 84 | Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 81 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 77 | 12 | 2 | 80 | +-- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 80 | +----- Aculamprotulina **
--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 31 | 14 | 2 | 79 | +-- Lanceolariini
+-----+
| +-- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Middendorffinaiina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 36 | 8 | 2 | 87 | +-------- Aculamprotulina **
|
--+ +-- Oxynaiina **
| +--+
| | +-- Unionina **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 79 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 79 | +-------- Lanceolariini
--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 26 | 6 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Acuticostini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 79 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 36 | 8 | 2 | 79 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 5 | 2 | 81 | +----------- Anodontini
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 82 | +-------------- Anodontini
--+
| +----------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-------- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +----- Schistodesmus **
+--+
| +-- Nodularia **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 82 | +----- Cristariina
--+
| +-- Anodontina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 17 | 9 | 2 | 82 | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 82 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 80 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 82 | +----- Anodonta_anatina
|
+----- Anodonta_cygnea
--+
+----- Pseudanodonta
|
| +-- Cristariina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 88 | +----------- Unionina **
--+
| +-------- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +----- Globunionina **
+--+
| +-- Acuticostini
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 80 | +----- Lanceolariini
--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 80 | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 81 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +----- Anodontina
--+
| +-- Cristariina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 1 | 81 | +-- Acuticostini
--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 83 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 83 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 83 | +-- Anodontini
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
--+
+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 82 | +----- Cristariina
--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Anodontina
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 31 | 11 | 4 | 87 | +----------- Anodontini
|
| +----- Acuticostini
--+ +--+
| | | +-- Nodularia **
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Tchangsinaia **
|
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Schistodesmus **
+--+
+-- Lepidodesmini
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +----- Cristariina
--+
| +-- Anodontina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 88 | +-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Lamprotula
|
+-- Lampsilini
|
+-- Potomida
|
--+-- Unio_pictorum **
|
+-- Anodontini
|
+-- Unio_ravoisieri **
|
+-- Lamellidentini
|
+-- Pleurobemini
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 83 | +----- Cristariina
--+
| +-- Anodontina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81 | Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 83 | +----- Anodontina
--+
| +-- Cristariina
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 22 | 6 | 1 | 88 | +-------------- Oxynaiina **
|
--+ +----------- Anodonta_cygnea
| |
+--+ +-------- Unio_pictorum__2 **
| |
+--+ +-- Unio_pictorum__1 **
| +--+
| | +-- Unio_caffer **
+--+
| +-- Anodonta
+--+
+-- Alasmidontina
Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 81 | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 84 | +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
--+
| +-- Anodontini
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 81 | Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 31 | 12 | 2 | 82 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Oxynaiina **
+--+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
+--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 81 | +-------- Anodonta_anatina
|
--+ +----- Cristariina
| |
+--+----- Unionina **
|
| +-- Anodonta_cygnea
+--+
+-- Pseudanodonta
Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 81 | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 83 | +----------- Aculamprotulina **
--+
| +-------- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unio_ravoisieri **
+--+
+-- Lamellidentini
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 54 | 5 | 2 | 81 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Lanceolariini
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 83 | +----------- Anodontini
|
--+ +-------- Oxynaiina **
| |
+--+ +----- Lanceolaria_grayii
| |
+--+----- Acuticostini
|
| +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
+--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 83 | +-------- Unio_tumidus **
--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unio_crassus **
+--+
+-- Unio_pictorum **
Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 82 | Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 31 | 11 | 4 | 92 | +-------- Strophitus
|
+-------- Schistodesmus **
|
+-------- Lepidodesmini
|
+-------- Acuticostini
|
+-------- Cristariina
--+
+-------- Lanceolariini
|
| +-- Nodularia **
+-----+
| +-- Tchangsinaia **
|
| +----- Utterbackia
| |
+--+----- Utterbackiana
|
| +-- Alasmidonta
+--+
+-- Lasmigona
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 81 | +-- Anodonta_anatina
+-----+
| +-- Unionina **
--+
| +----- Cristariina
+--+
| +-- Anodonta_cygnea
+--+
+-- Pseudanodonta
Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 82 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
| +-- Lepidodesmini
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 83 | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 85 | +-------- Unio_crassus **
--+
| +----- Unio_pictorum **
+--+
| +-- Unio_tumidus **
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 54 | 5 | 2 | 81 | +-------- Lanceolariini
--+
| +----- Anodontini
+--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 83 | Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 6 | 1 | -- | Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 83 | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Nodularia **
+--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Inversiunio **
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | -- | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 7 | 2 | -- | +-------- Anodontini
--+
| +----- Lepidodesmini
+--+
| +-- Oxynaiina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 8 | 1 | 90 | +----- Unionina **
--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 2 | -- | +-- Lanceolariini
--+
+-- Oxynaiina **
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 85 | +-- Unio_pictorum **
|
--+-- Unio_tumidus **
|
+-- Anodontini
Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 0 | 0 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 1 | 96 | +----- Anodontina
|
| +-- Gonideini
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_grandis
| |
| +-- Utterbackia
| |
| +-- Pyganodon_cataracta
--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_straminea
| |
| +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| +-- Megalonaias
| |
| +-- Obliquaria
| |
+--+-- Theliderma
|
+-- Quadrula
|
+-- Uniomerus
|
+-- Amblema
|
+-- Elliptio
|
+-- Fusconaia
|
+-- Plectomerus
|
+-- Aculamprotulina **
|
+-- Unionina **
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | -- | Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 14 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 1 | -- | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Lanceolariini
Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 15 | 2 | -- | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Lanceolariini
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
|
--+-- Cristariina
|
+-- Anodontina
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 85 | +----- Unio_pictorum **
--+
| +-- Unio_tumidus **
+--+
+-- Anodontini
Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | -- | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Unionina **
+--+
+-- Aculamprotulina **
Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 8 | 1 | -- | +----- Anodontini
--+
| +-- Aculamprotulina **
+--+
+-- Unionina **
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 6 | 1 | -- | Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 4 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 1 | -- | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 3 | 1 | -- | Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 3 | 1 | -- | Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 1 | -- | +----------------- Anodonta_cygnea
|
+----------------- Pyganodon
|
+----------------- Alasminota
|
+----------------- Anodonta_anatina
|
+----------------- Unionina **
|
+----------------- Cristariina
|
| +-- Brachyanodon_nuttalliana
--+--------------+
| +-- Brachyanodon_californiensis
|
| +-- Pseudodontoideus
| |
+--------------+-- Alasmidonta
| |
| +-- Pterosyna
|
| +-------------- Pseudanodonta
| |
| | +----- Strophitus
| +--------+
+--+ | +-- Prolasmidonta
| +--+
| +-- Platynaias
|
| +----------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__4
+--+
| +-------- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__3
+--+
| +----- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__2
+--+
| +-- Brachyanodon_oregonensis__1
+--+
+-- Brachyanodon_kennerlyi
Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 33 | 1 | -- | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | -- | Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -- | González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 0 | -- | Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | -- | Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 4 | 1 | -- | Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 39 | 2 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | -- | Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | -- | Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Anodontini
--+
+-- Unionina **
Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 0 | -- | Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 0 | -- | Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 28 | 1 | -- | +-- Oxynaiina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -- | González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 6 | 1 | -- | +-- Unionina **
--+
+-- Anodontini
Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | -- | Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | -- | Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3 iT| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | -- |
|
