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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionida

superfamily UNIONOIDEA Rafinesque, 1820: cladomics
     2 families

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 823 (1124 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: family) = 2
analyzed in 595 cladograms in 331 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 581 (mean = 23.8, median = 14)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2 (mean = 1.46, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 593
maximum number of included terminals = 581, (mean = 23.87 median = 14)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2 (mean = 1.46, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.94

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 94
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (family) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 581 (mean = 43.83, median = 23)
maximum number of subtaxa (family) = 2 (mean = 2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.69

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
71614210920
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
  |     +-------- Unionini **        
--+  +--+                         
  |  |  |  +----- Pleurobemini **    
  |  |  +--+                      
  |  |     |  +-- Anodontini **      
  +--+     +--+                   
     |        +-- Lampsilini **      
     |                            
     |  +-------- Parreysiini **     
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Coelaturini **     
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Hyrioidea       
           +--+                   
              +-- Etherioidea

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
581582647251492697.5
                       +----------------------------- Iridininae                
                       |                                                        
  +--------------------+  +-------------------------- Aspathariinae             
  |                    |  |                                                     
  |                    +--+  +----------------------- Etheria                   
  |                       |  |                                                  
  |                       +--+  +-------------------- Anodontites_trapesialis   
  |                          |  |                                               
  |                          +--+  +----------------- Mulleria                  
  |                             |  |                                            
  |                             +--+  +-------------- Lamproscapha              
  |                                |  |                                         
  |                                +--+           +-- Monocondylaea             
  |                                   |  +--------+                             
  |                                   |  |        +-- Tamsiella                 
  |                                   +--+                                      
  |                                      |  +-------- Mycetopodinae             
--+                                      |  |                                   
  |                                      +--+     +-- Anodontites_guanarensis   
  |                                         |  +--+                             
  |                                         |  |  +-- Fossula                   
  |                                         +--+                                
  |                                            |  +-- Anodontites_trigona       
  |                                            +--+                             
  |                                               +-- Anodontites_elongata      
  |                                                                             
  |  +----------------------------------------------- Hyrioidea                 
  |  |                                                                          
  |  |                          +-------------------- Unioninae **                 
  |  |                          |                                               
  |  |  +-----------------------+  +----------------- Lamellidens **               
  |  |  |                       |  |                                            
  |  |  |                       +--+              +-- Balwantia **                 
  +--+  |                          |  +-----------+                             
     |  |                          |  |           +-- Trapezidens **               
     |  |                          +--+                                         
     |  |                             |  +----------- Leoparreysiini **            
     |  |                             +--+                                      
     |  |                                |  +-------- Pseudomulleria            
     |  |                                +--+                                   
     +--+                                   |  +----- Indochinellini **            
        |                                   +--+                                
        |                                      |  +-- Parreysiini **               
        |                                      +--+                             
        |                                         +-- Coelaturini **               
        |                                                                       
        |  +----------------------------------------- Rectidentini **              
        |  |                                                                    
        |  |  +-------------------------------------- Margaritiferidae **          
        |  |  |                                                                 
        +--+  |  +----------------------------------- Ambleminae **                
           |  |  |                                                              
           |  |  |     +----------------------------- Indopseudodontina **         
           |  |  |     |                                                        
           |  |  |     |                          +-- Lannanaia **                 
           +--+  |  +--+  +-----------------------+                             
              |  |  |  |  |                       +-- Pilsbryoconcha **            
              |  |  |  |  |                                                     
              |  |  |  +--+  +----------------------- Songkhlanaia **              
              |  |  |     |  |                                                  
              |  |  |     |  |                    +-- Nyeinchanconcha **           
              |  |  |     +--+  +-----------------+                             
              |  |  |        |  |                 +-- Sundadontina **              
              +--+  |        |  |                                               
                 |  |        |  |                 +-- Isannaia **                  
                 |  |        +--+              +--+                             
                 |  |           |              |  +-- Namkongnaia **               
                 |  |           |  +-----------+                                
                 |  |           |  |           |  +-- Thaiconcha **                
                 |  |           |  |           +--+                             
                 |  |           +--+              +-- Bineurus **                  
                 |  |              |                                            
                 |  |              |  +-------------- Pseudodon_walpolei **        
                 |  |              |  |                                         
                 |  |              +--+  +----------- Pseudodon_vagulus **         
                 |  |                 |  |                                      
                 |  |                 |  |     +----- Pseudodon_vondembuschianus **
                 +--+                 +--+  +--+                                
                    |                    |  |  |  +-- Pseudodon_mekongi **         
                    |                    |  |  +--+                             
                    |                    +--+     +-- Schepmaniini **              
                    |                       |                                   
                    |                       |  +----- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__2 **  
                    |                       +--+                                
                    |                          |  +-- Pseudodon_inoscularis **     
                    |                          +--+                             
                    |                             +-- Pseudodon_lenyanensis__1 **  
                    |                                                           
                    |           +-------------------- Chamberlainiini **           
                    |           |                                               
                    |        +--+  +----------------- Parvasolenaia **             
                    |        |  |  |                                            
                    |        |  +--+  +-------------- Pseudopostolata **           
                    |        |     |  |                                         
                    |        |     +--+  +----------- Koreosolenaia **             
                    |        |        |  |                                      
                    |        |        +--+        +-- Cosmopseudodon **            
                    |        |           |  +-----+                             
                    |        |           |  |     +-- Guiunio **                   
                    |        |           +--+                                   
                    +--------+              |  +----- Ptychorhynchus **            
                             |              +--+                                
                             |                 |  +-- Obovalis **                  
                             |                 +--+                             
                             |                    +-- Postolata **                 
                             |                                                  
                             |                    +-- Caudiculatus **              
                             |     +--------------+                             
                             |     |              +-- Lamprotulini **              
                             |     |                                            
                             +-----+  +-------------- Sinosolenaia_carinata **     
                                   |  |                                         
                                   |  |        +----- Gonidea **                   
                                   +--+  +-----+                                
                                      |  |     |  +-- Microcondylaea **            
                                      |  |     +--+                             
                                      +--+        +-- Leguminaia **                
                                         |                                      
                                         |  +-------- Inversidens **               
                                         +--+                                   
                                            |  +----- Sinosolenaia_recognita **    
                                            +--+                                
                                               |  +-- Sinosolenaia_iridinea **     
                                               +--+                             
                                                  +-- Sinosolenaia_oleivora **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
175175111226242189
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
175175154226242190
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
173173170226242187
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
127127127213122142.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
125125711000141.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
124137137215132151
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
124137123215132150
                       +-- Chamberlainia **   
  +--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                        
  |                    +-- Etherioidea     
--+--------------------+                   
  |                    +-- Hyrioidea       
  |                                        
  |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                                     
     |  +----------------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                                  
        |  +-------------- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                               
           |  +----------- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                            
              |  +-------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                         
                 |  +----- Gonideini **       
                 +--+                      
                    |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **   
                    +--+                   
                       +-- Lamprotulini **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
117117992000131
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1131181002972132.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111111991000126.5
1

Inoue et al., 2018 [Publ 3858], fig. 1_3a-c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
105105632000202.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
102102922000124
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1021021032000125
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9595942000107.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9191892432104.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9191862432104.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8787832432100.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8787842432100.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
848482233296.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
828381233296.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
828250100096.5
1

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
828279100098
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8181792108292.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
8181792108292.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
767673200088.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
767674200088.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
757573200087
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
737363100086
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3309], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
737367100086
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
727871298288
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
707068233282.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
696967243281.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
696967243281.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 6B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
656564200076.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
646462200075.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
646462243277
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
636361100076.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2024 [Publ 4369], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
626260100075.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
616149100074.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4252], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
616155100074.5
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
595957100074
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5858592119270
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5858602119270
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585854100071.5
1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5858602119270
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585852100071.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4239], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
585854100071.5
1

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
575748200071
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
565651200069
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
565654200067.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
545452200067
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
535351200064.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
535345200065
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
535351200067
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
535351200065.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
535351200065.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
525250254265.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
525350254269
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
525250100065.5
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
525250243264.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
515141200065.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4423], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
505048100065
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
494942200062
     +----- Parreysiinae **    
  +--+                      
  |  |  +-- Pseudodontini **   
  |  +--+                   
  |     +-- Rectidentini **    
  |                         
--+     +-- Gibbosulinae **    
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Margaritiferinae **
  |     |                   
  |     +-- Sinosolenaia **    
  |     |                   
  +-----+-- Leguminaia **      
        |                   
        +-- Gonidea **         
        |                   
        +-- Lamprotula **      
        |                   
        +-- Potomida **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
484846200060
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
484847200062.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
474746200061.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
474753200074.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
464645200060.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
464644200059.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
454543200058.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
454543200058.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
454541200058.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444442200056
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2025 [Publ 4446], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444442100059
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444442243256
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444644222258.5
  +-------- Unionidae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Hyrioidea       
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444442232156
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444437200056
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444442200056
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
444437200056
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
434342100057
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
424241100055
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
424236100055
1

Campbell & Lydeard, 2012 [Publ 3308], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
424240100055
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
424242100056.5
1

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414137200053
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414139200053
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414139200053
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414142100056
1

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414132200053
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414140100055.5
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414139100054.5
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414142100057.5
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
414141100055.5
1

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
404038200052
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
404038100056
1

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
393937200052
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383836243250
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383836100051
1

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383836100053
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383938211153
  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                               
--+  +----------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                            
  +--+  +-------- Lampsilini **      
     |  |                         
     +--+     +-- Hyrioidea       
        |  +--+                   
        |  |  +-- Amblemini **       
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
           +--+                   
              +-- Quadrulini **

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383833100051.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2023 [Publ 4312], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383836100053
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2016 [Publ 3660], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383834100052
1

Cha et al., 2018 [Publ 3916], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
383836200050
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
373735200050
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
373734100051.5
1

Breton et al., 2011 [Publ 3376], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
373736211150.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363622100050.5
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200048.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363626100052.5
1

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al., 2020 [Publ 4101], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363620100050.5
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200049.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200049.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Perkins et al., 2025 [Publ 4447], fig. 2_mtDNA-ITS

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363637100053.5
1

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200048.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4084], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363622200050
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Ambleminae **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Gonideinae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Unioninae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363624200050.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200049.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200049.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
363634200049.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353533100049
1

Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353526100048.5
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353533100050
1

Burlakova et al., 2012 [Publ 3486], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
353530100053.5
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343432100050
1

Dai et al., 2026 [Publ 4757], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343433200046.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343431200048
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343421100050
1

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4805], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343432100048
1

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343415200048
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2020 [Publ 4170], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
343432200049
                       +----- Prolasmidonta **           
                    +--+                              
                    |  |  +-- Alasmidonta **             
                    |  +--+                           
  +-----------------+     +-- Anemina **                 
  |                 |                                 
  |                 |  +----- Pseudodontini **           
  |                 +--+                              
  |                    |  +-- Lamprotula_caveata **      
  |                    +--+                           
  |                       +-- Chamberlainia **           
  |                                                   
  |                    +----- Oxynaiina **               
  |              +-----+                              
  |              |     |  +-- Lepidodesmini **           
--+              |     +--+                           
  |              |        +-- Aculamprotulina **         
  |  +-----------+                                    
  |  |           |     +----- Platynaias **              
  |  |           |  +--+                              
  |  |           |  |  |  +-- Utterbackia_imbecillis **  
  |  |           |  |  +--+                           
  |  |           +--+     +-- Pyganodon **               
  |  |              |                                 
  |  |              |  +----- Sinanodonta **             
  |  |              +--+                              
  |  |                 |  +-- Cristaria **               
  +--+                 +--+                           
     |                    +-- Anodontina **              
     |                                                
     |                    +-- Utterbackia_peninsularis **
     |              +-----+                           
     |              |     +-- Potamilus_alatus **        
     |  +-----------+                                 
     |  |           |  +----- Lamprotula_leaii **        
     |  |           +--+                              
     |  |              |  +-- Sinohyriopsis **           
     +--+              +--+                           
        |                 +-- Gonideini **               
        |                                             
        |  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **        
        +--+                                          
           |  +-------------- Quadrulini **              
           +--+                                       
              |  +----------- Toxolasma **               
              +--+                                    
                 |  +-------- Lampsilis_ornata **        
                 +--+                                 
                    |  +----- Potamilus_leptodon **      
                    +--+                              
                       |  +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea **   
                       +--+                           
                          +-- Lampsilis_powellii **

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333316210056.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333329200046.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burlakova et al., 2019 [Publ 3899], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
333321100046
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
323230200044
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
323230287243
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3846], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129100044.5
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313128200043.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313138100054
1

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129200044
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129200043
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129100046
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313130100044
1

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313122100043
1

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313132220045.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313128200043.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313127100046
1

Lyubas et al., 2022 [Publ 4255], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313128100043
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4385], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129200043.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
313129100044.5
1

Burdick & White, 2007 [Publ 2679], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
303031100046
1

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
303129211144.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Hyrioidea       
  |                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
303029200042.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
292927100042
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
292927100044
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
292927200041.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb et al., 2003 [Publ 2659], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
292920100042
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826100042
1

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28282621312240.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282825200040
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
28282621312240.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826100043
1

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826100041.5
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282827100042.5
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826100043
1

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4129], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826100041.5
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
282826200040
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4833], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272726200039.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272721232238
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27272122019240
     +-- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725232238
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725210040
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Neemuchwala et al., 2023 [Publ 4292], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725100040.5
1

Whelan et al., 2023 [Publ 4287], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725100041.5
1

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272725200040.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
27282622019241
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                 +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------------+                         
  |  |              |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |              +--+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+                 +--+                   
     |                    +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Pseudomulleria  
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Unioninae **       
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini **    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Ambleminae **      
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Pseudodontini **

Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
272723200040
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2019 [Publ 3901], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262624200038.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2631302109244
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262623100040.5
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26453922019258
  +----------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |                                  
  |           +----- Margaritiferidae **
--+  +--------+                      
  |  |        |  +-- Hyrioidea       
  |  |        +--+                   
  +--+           +-- Etherioidea     
     |                               
     |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Rectidentini **    
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Unioninae **       
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideini **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262618100041.5
1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
26272422019242
  +-------------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                           
  |                       +-- Etheria         
  |                    +--+                   
--+                    |  +-- Mulleria        
  |  +-----------------+                      
  |  |                 |  +-- Mycetopodidae   
  |  |                 +--+                   
  +--+                    +-- Iridinidae      
     |                                        
     |  +-------------------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                                     
        |  +----------------- Pseudomulleria  
        +--+                                  
           |  +-------------- Margaritiferidae **
           +--+                               
              |  +----------- Pseudodontini **   
              +--+                            
                 |  +-------- Rectidentini **    
                 +--+                         
                    |  +----- Unioninae **       
                    +--+                      
                       |  +-- Gonideini **       
                       +--+                   
                          +-- Ambleminae **

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2630272109244.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Konopleva et al., 2021 [Publ 4213], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
262621100042
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
252523100038.5
1

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25256100040.5
1

Campbell et al., 2008 [Publ 2675], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
25259100039.5
1

Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
252523100039.5
1

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
242422100038
1

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
242422100037
1

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
242829144153.5
  +----- Parreysiinae **
--+                  
  |  +-- Etherioidea 
  +--+               
     +-- Unioninae **

Perkins et al., 2017 [Publ 3777], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
242410100041.5
1

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
242417100037
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3922], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321100036.5
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2017 [Publ 3837], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321100036
1

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321100036
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 4_6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321200035.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232316100039.5
1

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2323212119235.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321286236.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
232321200036
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2323212119235.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_MtG

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222220100035.5
1

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222220211134.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 4-5_AHE

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222220100035.5
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222224100037.5
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222219200033
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222216200033
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 4143], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
222220100035.5
1

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119100034.5
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21223210031.5
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
  +-- None__1      
  |                
--+-- None__2      
  |                
  +-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119100034.5
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119243233
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119100036
1

Rosenberg et al., 1997 [Publ 2720], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
21224210031.5
  +----- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                   
  +----- None__2      
--+                   
  +----- Margaritifera **
  |                   
  |  +-- None__1      
  +--+                
     +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119243233
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2016 [Publ 3711], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119100034.5
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
212119200033.5
  +-------------------- Margaritiferinae **       
  |                                            
  |  +----------------- Anodontini **             
--+  |                                         
  |  |     +----------- Chamberlainiini **        
  |  |  +--+                                   
  +--+  |  |  +-------- Lamprotula_leaii **       
     |  |  +--+                                
     |  |     |  +----- Lamprotula_caveata **     
     |  |     +--+                             
     |  |        |  +-- Gibbosulinae **           
     +--+        +--+                          
        |           +-- Lamprotula_cornuumlunae **
        |                                      
        |        +----- Aculamprotulina **        
        |     +--+                             
        |     |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia **           
        |     |  +--+                          
        +-----+     +-- Nodularia **              
              |                                
              |  +----- Schistodesmus **          
              +--+                             
                 |  +-- Lanceolariini **          
                 +--+                          
                    +-- Acuticostini **

Pieri et al., 2018 [Publ 3867], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202023100039
1

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202018200033.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202017200032
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202018222132.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20301821110240
  +----------------- Margaritiferidae **
  |                                  
  |  +-------------- Amblemini **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Eurynia **         
--+  |                               
  |  +-------------- Fusconaia **       
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Gonideinae **      
  |  |                               
  |  +-------------- Pleurobema **      
  |  |                               
  +--+-------------- Quadrulini **      
     |                               
     |  +----------- Ortmanniana **     
     +--+                            
     |  |  +-------- Glebula **         
     |  +--+                         
     |     |  +----- Potamilus **       
     |     +--+                      
     |        |  +-- Ligumia **         
     |        +--+                   
     |           +-- Toxolasma **       
     |                               
     |  +----------- Cyrtonaias **      
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Unionini **        
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Anodontini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Hyrioidea       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Etherioidea

Zhou et al., 2016 [Publ 3710], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202018200034
  +-------- Unioninae **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Ambleminae **      
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202013100034.5
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20201721110234.5
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Ambleminae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Gonideinae **      
              +--+                   
                 +-- Unioninae **

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202018200033.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202018222132.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20201721110234.5
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                                  
  |  +-------------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                               
     |  +----------- Parreysiinae **    
     +--+                            
        |  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Unioninae **       
              +--+                   
                 +-- Ambleminae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
202017200033
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20302821110240
  +-------- Margaritiferidae **
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Hyrioidea

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20211421413238.5
  +-------------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                     
  |           +-------- Iridinidae      
--+  +--------+                         
  |  |        |  +----- Etheria         
  |  |        +--+                      
  |  |           |  +-- Mulleria        
  +--+           +--+                   
     |              +-- Mycetopodidae   
     |                                  
     |  +-------------- Parreysiinae **    
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----------- Pseudomulleria  
        |  |                            
        +--+  +-------- Anodontini **      
           |  |                         
           +--+  +----- Gonideinae **      
              |  |                      
              +--+----- Unionini **        
                 |                      
                 |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
                 +--+                   
                    +-- Ambleminae **

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
20201621110231.5
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917200031
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Teiga-Teixeira et al., 2020 [Publ 4173], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917200031.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Rosenberg et al., 1994 [Publ 2719], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
19195200029.5
  +-- Cumberlandia ** 
  |                
--+-- Margaritifera **
  |                
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917200032
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191922220034.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2019 [Publ 3936], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917200032
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917200031.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
191917100034
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181813100032.5
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2019 [Publ 3969], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100032.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100033
1

Chong et al., 2008 [Publ 2668], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181810100031
1

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100033
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2e

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100031
1

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100033
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1818162119230.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Smith et al., 2018 [Publ 3790], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181817100032.5
1

Araujo et al., 2018 [Publ 3779], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181814200030.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
181816100032.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1717152119228.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715232130
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1717152119228.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715100031.5
1

Plazzi et al., 2011 [Publ 3676], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171811111132.5
  +----------- Cristariina **    
  |                           
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini **  
  |  |                        
--+  +-------- Anodonta **       
  |  |                        
  |  +-------- Unionini **       
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Alasmidontina **  
     +-----+                  
     |     +-- Pseudanodonta **  
     |                        
     |  +----- Ambleminae **     
     |  |                     
     +--+  +-- Hyrioidea      
        |  |                  
        +--+-- Lamprotulini **   
           |                  
           +-- Chamberlainiini **

Wu et al., 2025 [Publ 4442], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715100030.5
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715297230
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171713100031.5
1

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3528], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171713100031
1

Prié & Puillandre, 2014 [Publ 3529], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715200027.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
171715200030
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161610100030.5
1

Stewart et al., 2021 [Publ 4451], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161615200028
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
16161322019230.5
  +-------------- Hyrioidea       
--+                               
  |  +----------- Etherioidea     
  +--+                            
     |  +-------- Unioninae **       
     +--+                         
        |  +----- Margaritiferidae **
        +--+                      
           |  +-- Gonideinae **      
           +--+                   
              +-- Ambleminae **

Zanatta et al., 2007 [Publ 2698], fig. 1B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161613100030.5
1

Johnson et al., 2018 [Publ 3844], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614100030.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3734], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161612210027
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lyubas et al., 2019 [Publ 3963], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161612100030.5
1

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614211129
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161612100030.5
1

Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 3941], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614100030.5
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614200028
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614200028.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Zhou et al., 2017 [Publ 3788], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
161614100030.5
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
15152100029.5
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2025 [Publ 4476], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100030
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100029.5
1

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100028
1

Hoeh, 1990 [Publ 2717], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100029.5
1

Kongim et al., 2023 [Publ 4290], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100030
1

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151512100028.5
1

Hou et al., 2024 [Publ 4400], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100030
1

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100029
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151512100028.5
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151515210028.5
  +-------- Margaritifera_margaritifera__2 **
--+                                       
  |  +----- Unionidae **                     
  +--+                                    
     |  +-- Margaritifera_margaritifera__1 **
     +--+                                 
        +-- Margaritifera_falcata **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151512100030
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
151513100029.5
1

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200029.5
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412210029
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141221613226.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Feng et al., 2016 [Publ 3800], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200026.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14141221613226.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100026.5
1

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200029.5
  +-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
--+-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
  +-- Ambleminae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2024 [Publ 4376], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100029.5
1

Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100029
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 10

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141410200027.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2017 [Publ 3801], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200026
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Douda et al., 2024 [Publ 4364], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141413200027.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
14149200028.5
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Quadrulini **      
  |                      
  +----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  |  +-- Amblemini **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4147], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200025.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3738], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100027.5
1

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412100028
1

Turner et al., 2000 [Publ 2722], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141412200028
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lydeard et al., 2000 [Publ 2654], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
141411200028.5
  +----- Unioninae **       
  |                      
  +----- Margaritiferidae **
  |                      
--+----- Lampsilini **      
  |                      
  +----- Amblemini **       
  |                      
  |  +-- Quadrulini **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Pleurobemini **

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-bottom

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100028
1

Xiang et al., 2025 [Publ 4433], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100028
1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311221129
  +----------------- Hyrioidea       
  |                                  
--+  +-------------- Unioninae **       
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----------- Lamprotulini **    
     |  |                            
     +--+        +-- Gonideini **       
        |  +-----+                   
        |  |     +-- Pseudodontini **   
        +--+                         
           |  +----- Lampsilini **      
           +--+                      
              |  +-- Pleurobemini **    
              +--+                   
                 +-- Margaritiferidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311211125.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131310200028
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311221127
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4379], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131310100029
1

Burzynski et al., 2017 [Publ 3774], fig. 1-top

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100028
1

Reis et al., 2013 [Publ 3580], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311210027
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311221127
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Sayenko et al., 2021 [Publ 4189], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100027.5
1

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131310100028
1

Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2023 [Publ 4289], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100029
1

Vikhrev et al., 2018 [Publ 3812], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311200025.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311254127.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Hauck et al., 2023 [Publ 4333], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131312100026.5
1

Manendo et al., 2008 [Publ 2669], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
131311100028.5
1

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4825], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121211100027.5
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100027
1

Smith et al., 2020 [Publ 4136], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Sano et al., 2022 [Publ 4311], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121212100027
1

Pfarrer et al., 2022 [Publ 4305], fig. 2-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100026.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210200026.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100026.5
1

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129100028
1

Mabuchi & Nishida, 2020 [Publ 4120], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121212100039
1

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210200024.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 1_2b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210210026.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Chen et al., 2026 [Publ 4827], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210200027
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Konopleva et al., 2020 [Publ 4072], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12129100028
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
121210100028
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12128100027
1

Klishko et al., 2019 [Publ 3886], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11118200024
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119210024
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 27

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11117100027
1

Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100026.5
1

Araujo et al., 2016 [Publ 3746], fig. 2a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100026.5
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111110200026.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11118100027
1

Curole & Kocher, 2005 [Publ 2682], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119200025.5
  +----- Ambleminae **      
--+                      
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

Khalloufi et al., 2011 [Publ 2748], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11118100024.5
1

Graf et al., 2014 [Publ 3591], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
111113200030
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unioninae **       
  |                   
  +-- Parreysiinae **

Prie et al., 2026 [Publ 4818], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100026.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119200025.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100025.5
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119210024
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11117200025.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4401], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100027
1

Porto-Hannes et al., 2021 [Publ 4227], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11116100026.5
1

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100026
1

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4432], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100027
1

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11119100027
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100025
1

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10119211125.5
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Morrison et al., 2021 [Publ 4362], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100026
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100025.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 13

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200024.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Stodola et al., 2021 [Publ 4266], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10107100026.5
1

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 5-6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10107220022.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100024.5
1

Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100024.5
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10107100025
1

Bespalaya et al., 2018 [Publ 3811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10109200025.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Kano et al., 2019 [Publ 4194], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200023.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Roe & Lydeard, 1998 [Publ 2693], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10105100024.5
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108163126.5
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Hewitt et al., 2019 [Publ 3962], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
101011200023.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3861], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108211123.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10106220023.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10107210023.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Schilling et al., 2025 [Publ 4737], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10109100023.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3792], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200024
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Vikhrev et al., 2017 [Publ 3810], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200024.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200023
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2589], fig. 7C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200024.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Kashiri et al., 2024 [Publ 4822], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108200024.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
10108100024
1

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
996200023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Martínez et al., 2026 [Publ 4820], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997177125
  +-- Etherioidea
--+              
  +-- Unionidae **

Chase et al., 2018 [Publ 3847], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9108211125
  +----- Unionidae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997210023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100025
1

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100023.5
1

Takeuchi et al., 2015 [Publ 3661], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997210023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
995100022.5
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100022.5
1

Inoue et al., 2013 [Publ 3579], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997200023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100024.5
1

Hewitt et al., 2018 [Publ 3758], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
996200022
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997200023.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Muanta et al., 2019 [Publ 3921], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
998100026
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100023.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2015 [Publ 3646], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997200023
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100025
1

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100025
1

Fonseca et al., 2016 [Publ 3775], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100024
1

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
997100025
1

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
990163122.5
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Sonowal et al., 2021 [Publ 4221], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9157163126.5
  +-------- Parreysiinae **
  |                     
  +-------- Gonideinae **  
--+                     
  |     +-- Hyrioidea   
  |  +--+               
  |  |  +-- Trigonioidea
  +--+                  
     |  +-- Pleurobemini **
     |  |               
     +--+-- Lampsilini **  
        |               
        +-- Unioninae **

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
996100025
1

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
9914100025
1

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100024
1

Sheng et al., 2014 [Publ 3704], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100022
1

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
888100024
1

Bauer et al., 2021 [Publ 4365], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100024
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100022.5
1

Araujo et al., 2009 [Publ 2395], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886200021.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Tomilova et al., 2020 [Publ 4097], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100022.5
1

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3732], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887200023.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 12

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886200022.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887100025
1

Klishko et al., 2018 [Publ 3945], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
885100023.5
1

Kondakov et al., 2018 [Publ 3914], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100024
1

Marrone et al., 2019 [Publ 3907], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
884100023.5
1

Zieritz et al., 2012 [Publ 3673], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
884200023
  +----- Anodontina **      
  |                      
--+  +-- Cristariina **     
  |  |                   
  +--+-- Margaritiferidae **
     |                   
     +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
887200022.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886111123
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Inoue et al., 2014 [Publ 3635], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
883100021.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886200022.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Froufe et al., 2015 [Publ 3664], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100022.5
1

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886111123
  +-- Hyrioidea
--+            
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
886100022.5
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100023
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774100021.5
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100021.5
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1B-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774200021
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775200021.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
779100022.5
1

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 8A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100023
1

Hoeh et al., 1995 [Publ 3391], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774100022.5
1

Smith et al., 2023 [Publ 4291], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100023
1

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
771100023
1

Goncalves et al., 2022 [Publ 4253], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
776100023
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774211120.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100022.5
1

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100022
1

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
773100023
1

Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
7710100022.5
1

Froufe et al., 2016 [Publ 3727], fig. 3_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
773100023
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775200022
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka & Burzynski, 2018 [Publ 3762], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100022
1

Jones & Neves, 2010 [Publ 2646], fig. 16

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100023
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3B-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775200020
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hou et al., 2025 [Publ 4445], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100023
1

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
777100022.5
1

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
778100022.5
1

Chen et al., 2012 [Publ 3624], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100021
1

Amaro et al., 2017 [Publ 3791], fig. 3A-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775200020
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
773100022.5
1

Källersjö et al., 2005 [Publ 2684], fig. 1A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
772200021
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Anodontini **      
  |                   
  +-- Unionini **

Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
778100022.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
775100022
1

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
774211120.5
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Huff et al., 2004 [Publ 2697], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
773210021.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200019
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 17

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665200019.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200020.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 3943], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200019
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Riccardi et al., 2020 [Publ 4089], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100022
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2019 [Publ 4042], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100022
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 3b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

Prie et al., 2012 [Publ 3487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200020.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Moyer & Díaz-Ferguson, 2012 [Publ 3375], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665100020.5
1

Mejia-Trujillo & Smith, 2022 [Publ 4274], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100021.5
1

Bogan et al., 2023 [Publ 4295], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200021
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

King et al., 1999 [Publ 2699], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663100022
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200020.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

Choi et al., 2020 [Publ 4169], fig. 3a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665100021.5
1

Wen et al., 2017 [Publ 3795], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

Kandl et al., 2001 [Publ 3384], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100021
1

Keogh & Simons, 2019 [Publ 3935], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
666100022.5
1

Wei et al., 2016 [Publ 3665], fig. 0

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
662100020
1

Zieritz et al., 2016 [Publ 3804], fig. S2-1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
663100022
1

Bogatov et al., 2018 [Publ 3859], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200019
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 9

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664200018
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Bashê, 2022 [Publ 4265], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665200020.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Freeman et al., 2025 [Publ 4443], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
665100022
1

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100022
1

Klishko et al., 2017 [Publ 3946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100021.5
1

Huang et al., 2013 [Publ 3629], fig. 3-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
664100020.5
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 14

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100021
1

Zanatta & Harris, 2013 [Publ 3530], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100019
1

Mabuchi et al., 2021 [Publ 4233], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100021.5
1

Dyduch-Falniowska & Koziol, 1989 [Publ 3814], fig. 5_7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100019.5
1

Saxon et al., 2023 [Publ 4338], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100019.5
1

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2649], fig. 1_2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
5119266123
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  |                   
--+-- Unionidae **       
  |                   
  +-- Hyrioidea

Lane et al., 2016 [Publ 3735], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
551100022
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 7

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100021
1

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021
1

Mulvey et al., 1997 [Publ 3390], fig. 1_3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100020
1

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021
1

Nagel et al., 1996 [Publ 3400], fig. 351

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100021
1

Buhay et al., 2002 [Publ 2661], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021.5
1

Soroka, 2005 [Publ 2726], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100020.5
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100020
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100021
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100023.5
1

Jones et al., 2006 [Publ 2681], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
554100021
1

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100020
1

Gustafson & Iwamoto, 2005 [Publ 2741], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553200019.5
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Krebs et al., 2013 [Publ 3515], fig. 2A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
553100020.5
1

Johnson et al., 2023 [Publ 4323], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 7a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441100020
1

Jiang et al., 2010 [Publ 3438], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441100018.5
1

Burzynski & Soroka, 2018 [Publ 3862], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100019.5
1

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4422119217.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unionidae **

Klishko et al., 2014 [Publ 3666], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100018.5
1

Bulakhova et al., 2023 [Publ 4325], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Marshall et al., 2014 [Publ 3593], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
4141221010128
     +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Unioninae **       
--+                      
  |  +-- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Krebs, 2004 [Publ 2692], fig. 2-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100019
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9b

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Mezhzherin et al., 2014 [Publ 3705], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2021 [Publ 4217], fig. 11

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Nagel et al., 1998 [Publ 1946], fig. 8

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441100019.5
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100018.5
1

Sayenko et al., 2017 [Publ 3760], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441100018.5
1

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200018.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
41082119225.5
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Etherioidea

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100018.5
1

Froufe et al., 2017 [Publ 3802], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 9c

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
443100020
1

Cyr et al., 2007 [Publ 2745], fig. 2D

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020.5
1

Curole & Kocher, 2002 [Publ 2712], fig. 1-F

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200018
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Patterson et al., 2021 [Publ 4222], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Zhang et al., 2013 [Publ 4214], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442200018.5
  +-------- Cristaria **       
--+                         
  |  +----- Sinanodonta **     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Gonideinae **

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3835], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Giribet & Distel, 2003 [Publ 3670], fig. 3f5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
441220016
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Klishko et al., 2016 [Publ 3733], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100020
1

Soroka, 2008 [Publ 3695], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
442100018.5
1

Hinzmann et al., 2013 [Publ 3541], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Imsong & Murali, 2023 [Publ 4370], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018.5
1

Mock et al., 2013 [Publ 3598], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018.5
1

Krebs et al., 2019 [Publ 4092], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018.5
1

Kilikowska et al., 2020 [Publ 4335], fig. 4a

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018.5
1

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331221118.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Unioninae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Ambleminae **

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 6A

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Metzger et al., 2018 [Publ 3952], fig. 1C

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018
1

Shirai et al., 2010 [Publ 3353], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Machordom et al., 2003 [Publ 2688], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331200017.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Wang et al., 2016 [Publ 3714], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100018.5
1

Välilä et al., 2017 [Publ 3793], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331200017.5
  +-- Unionidae **       
--+                   
  +-- Margaritiferidae **

Smith & Johnson, 2020 [Publ 4229], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Taylor et al., 2007 [Publ 2696], fig. 1-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331210016
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100017.5
1

Hoeh et al., 1996 [Publ 2694], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331110017.5
  +----- Unionidae **
--+               
  |  +-- None__1  
  +--+            
     +-- None__2

Peng et al., 2012 [Publ 3689], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2016 [Publ 3757], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 8a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100017.5
1

Froufe et al., 2014 [Publ 3592], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Campbell, 2000 [Publ 2724], fig. 1-5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331200016
  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                   
  +-- Unionidae **

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331221118.5
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Ambleminae **      
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
     +--+                   
        +-- Unioninae **

Xia et al., 2016 [Publ 3712], fig. 7B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
331100019
1

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220218172--
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Etherioidea     
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Xue et al., 2016 [Publ 3659], fig. 1-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202421--
  +----- Etherioidea     
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
230242218
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
230232218
  +-------- Hyrioidea       
--+                         
  |  +----- Unionidae **       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Etherioidea     
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5b-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 4-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240232219.5
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240242218.5
  +----- Unionidae **       
  |                      
--+----- Hyrioidea       
  |                      
  |  +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
     +-- Margaritiferidae **

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
240242219.5
     +-- Etherioidea     
  +--+                   
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
--+                      
  |  +-- Unionidae **       
  +--+                   
     +-- Hyrioidea

Mock et al., 2004 [Publ 2686], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202422--
  +-------- Etherioidea     
--+                         
  |  +----- Hyrioidea       
  +--+                      
     |  +-- Unionidae **       
     +--+                   
        +-- Margaritiferidae **

Soroka, 2010 [Publ 3404], fig. 5a-M

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

Plazzi & Passamonti, 2010 [Publ 3354], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2201000--
1

Klunzinger et al., 2021 [Publ 4086], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
2202441--
  +----- Hyrioidea       
--+                      
  |  +-- Margaritiferidae **
  +--+                   
     +-- Unionidae **

Baker et al., 2003 [Publ 2690], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101771--
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea

Baker et al., 2004 [Publ 2685], fig. 2-3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101881--
  +-- Unionidae **
--+            
  +-- Hyrioidea
 
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