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Page last updated
Thu 3 September 2025

The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves)

FM(U)otW(aolcb) is the web version of the MUSSEL Project Database. Follow the links to browse the data or use the custom Google search field. Either way, you win!

Search the database pages:

Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Unioninae

tribe ACUTICOSTINI Starobogatov, 1967: cladomics
     1 genus

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 2 (2 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 1
analyzed in 63 cladograms in 38 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 2 (mean = 1.11, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 7
maximum number of included terminals = 2, (mean = 2 median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.


PCoA Ordination


NJ Tree

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
12016291544--
  +----------------- Lepidodesmini               
  |                                              
  |     +----------- Lanceolariini               
  |  +--+                                        
--+  |  |  +-------- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__2
  |  |  +--+                                     
  |  |     |  +----- Acuticosta_chinensis__2 **     
  |  |     +--+                                  
  +--+        |  +-- Acuticosta_chinensis__1 **     
     |        +--+                               
     |           +-- Pseudoacuticosta_retiaria__1
     |                                           
     |  +----------- Globunio                    
     +--+                                        
        |  +-------- Aculamprotulina             
        +--+                                     
           |  +----- Middendorffinaiina          
           +--+                                  
              |  +-- Unionina                    
              +--+                               
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220193634--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wang et al., 2025 [Publ 4488], fig. 3B

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220162603--
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220145314--
  +-------------- Anemina      
  |                            
--+  +----------- Sinanodonta  
  |  |                         
  +--+  +-------- Acuticosta **   
     |  |                      
     +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
        |  +--+                
        |  |  +-- Cristaria    
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lanceolariini
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220119113--
     +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
  |  |  +-- Tchangsinaia   
  |  +--+                  
--+     +-- Nodularia      
  |                        
  |  +----- Schistodesmus  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Lanceolariini  
     +--+                  
        +-- Acuticosta **

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220129143--
  +-------- Lanceolariini  
  |                        
--+     +-- Aculamprotulina
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Acuticosta **     
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Anodontini     
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
22011583--
  +----------- Unionina     
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Globunionina 
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Ouyang et al., 2015 [Publ 4493], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
220129143--
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110152164--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110136154--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4296], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110122203--
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
--+                      
  |  +----- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Anodontini   
     +--+                
        +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110172344--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110167314--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110145314--
  +----------------- Anemina        
  |                                 
--+  +-------------- Acuticosta **     
  |  |                              
  +--+  +----------- Sinanodonta    
     |  |                           
     +--+  +-------- Aculamprotulina
        |  |                        
        +--+     +-- Cristaria      
           |  +--+                  
           |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                     
              |  +-- Lepidodesmini  
              +--+                  
                 +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 2d

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110137374--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110133134--
  +----------- Anodontini   
  |                         
  |     +----- Acuticosta **   
--+  +--+                   
  |  |  |  +-- Nodularia    
  |  |  +--+                
  +--+     +-- Tchangsinaia 
     |                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Schistodesmus
        +--+                
           +-- Lepidodesmini

Wu et al., 2018 [Publ 3836], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110152324--
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
--+-------- Unionini     
  |                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110172324--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110147254--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101121704--
  +----- Acuticosta **   
  |                   
  +----- Lepidodesmini
--+                   
  +----- Unionini     
  |                   
  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                
     +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110186414--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110133214--
  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__1
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha__2
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__1     
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__2     
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_lauta        
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_japonica      
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__1  
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_beringiana    
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__2  
  |                               
  +----- Beringiana_fukuharai__3  
  |                               
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__1   
  |                               
  +----- Buldowskia_iwakawai__2   
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__1    
--+                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_tumens__2    
  |                               
  +----- Pletholophus             
  |                               
  +----- Anemina                  
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata   
  |                               
  +----- Cristaria_plicata__3     
  |                               
  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola     
  |                               
  +----- Sinanodonta_angula       
  |                               
  +----- Lepidodesmini            
  |                               
  |  +-- Aculamprotulina          
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Acuticosta **               
  |                               
  |  +-- Cuneopsis                
  +--+                            
  |  +-- Nodularia                
  |                               
  |  +-- Schistodesmus            
  +--+                            
     +-- Inversiunio

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110140314--
  +-------------- Globunionina   
  |                              
  |        +----- Aculamprotulina
--+  +-----+                     
  |  |     |  +-- Unionina       
  |  |     +--+                  
  +--+        +-- Oxynaiina      
     |                           
     |  +-------- Acuticosta **     
     +--+                        
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini  
        +--+                     
           |  +-- Lanceolariini  
           +--+                  
              +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110140314--
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Aunins et al., 2018 [Publ 3863], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110139254--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Zhou et al., 2007 [Publ 2658], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011772--
  +----- Aculamprotulina
--+                     
  |  +-- Acuticosta **     
  +--+                  
     +-- Oxynaiina

Pavan-Kumar et al., 2022 [Publ 4263], fig. S5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110138164--
  +----------- Anodontini     
  |                           
  |        +-- Acuticosta **     
--+  +-----+                  
  |  |     +-- Lanceolariini  
  |  |                        
  +--+     +-- Lepidodesmini  
     |  +--+                  
     |  |  +-- Aculamprotulina
     +--+                     
        |  +-- Unionina       
        +--+                  
           +-- Oxynaiina

Liu et al., 2017 [Publ 3939], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110114133--
-- Acuticosta_chinensis **

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110190254--
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-BI

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110121164--
  +----------- Acuticosta **        
  |                              
  +----------- Cristariina       
  |                              
--+----------- Anodontina        
  |                              
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini     
  |  |                           
  |  |     +-- Aculamprotulina   
  +--+-----+                     
     |     +-- Lepidodesmini     
     |                           
     |  +----- Unionina          
     +--+                        
        |  +-- Middendorffinaiina
        +--+                     
           +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110194454--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101198464--
  +----------- Acuticosta **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200474--
  +-------- Acuticosta **           
  |                              
  +-------- Alasmidonta          
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_anatina     
  |                              
  +-------- Anemina              
  |                              
  +-------- Anodonta_cygnea      
  |                              
  +-------- Cristaria            
  |                              
  +-------- Brachyanodon         
  |                              
  +-------- Lasmigona            
  |                              
  +-------- Lepidodesmini        
  |                              
  +-------- Pseudanodonta        
  |                              
  +-------- Pyganodon            
  |                              
--+-------- Simpsonaias          
  |                              
  +-------- Strophitus           
  |                              
  +-------- Utterbackia          
  |                              
  +-------- Schistodesmus        
  |                              
  +-------- Unionina             
  |                              
  +-------- Aculamprotulina      
  |                              
  +-------- Lanceolariini        
  |                              
  |     +-- Pletholophus         
  +-----+                        
  |     +-- Sinanodonta          
  |                              
  |  +----- Cuneopsis_celtiformis
  |  |                           
  |  +----- Tchangsinaia         
  |  |                           
  +--+----- Cuneopsis_rufescens  
     |                           
     +----- Nodularia            
     |                           
     |  +-- Cuneopsis_szechenyii 
     +--+                        
        +-- Cuneopsis_heudei

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4269], fig. S1_4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110155324--
  +-------- Unionini     
  |                      
--+     +-- Lepidodesmini
  |  +--+                
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110155254--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Kim et al., 2021 [Publ 4197], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110117163--
  +-------- Aculamprotulina
  |                        
--+     +-- Acuticosta **     
  |  +--+                  
  |  |  +-- Lanceolariini  
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Unionina       
     +--+                  
        +-- Oxynaiina

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4215], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11012331--
  +-- Acuticosta **
--+             
  +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110194454--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110190454--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101139674--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2023 [Publ 4302], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110140314--
           +-- Anemina               
  +--------+                         
  |        +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                  
  |     +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +--+                            
  |  |  |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |  +--+                         
  |  |     +-- Beringiana            
  |  |                               
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Acuticosta **            
     |  |                            
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini         
     |  |                            
     +--+----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |                            
        +----- Cristaria             
        |                            
        +----- Unionini              
        |                            
        |  +-- Alasmidontina         
        +--+                         
           +-- Anodontina

Wang et al., 2018 [Publ 3865], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110130163--
  +-------- Unionini     
--+                      
  |  +----- Anodontini   
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110172324--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 5

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110123213--
  +-------- Acuticosta **            
  |                               
--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  |  |                            
  |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
  +--+                            
     +----- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
     |                            
     |  +-- Anodontini            
     +--+                         
        +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110140264--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110184424--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110130102--
  +----- Anodontini
--+                
  |  +-- Acuticosta **
  +--+             
     +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110143344--
              +-- Anemina               
  +-----------+                         
  |           +-- Amuranodonta          
  |                                     
  |        +----- Pletholophus          
--+  +-----+                            
  |  |     |  +-- Sinanodonta           
  |  |     +--+                         
  |  |        +-- Beringiana            
  +--+                                  
     |        +-- Alasmidontina         
     |  +-----+                         
     |  |     +-- Anodontina            
     |  |                               
     +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
        |  |                            
        |  +----- Lanceolaria_oxyrhyncha
        |  |                            
        +--+----- Cristaria             
           |                            
           |  +-- Acuticosta **            
           |  |                         
           +--+-- Lepidodesmini         
              |                         
              +-- Unionini

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110190254--
  +----------- Acuticosta **   
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lepidodesmini
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Liu et al., 2023 [Publ 4310], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110123213--
  +----------- Acuticosta **            
  |                                  
--+        +-- Lanceolaria_lanceolata
  |  +-----+                         
  |  |     +-- Lanceolaria_grayii    
  +--+                               
     |  +----- Lanceolaria_gladiola  
     +--+                            
        |  +-- Anodontini            
        +--+                         
           +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4358], fig. 4

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110152274--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lanceolariini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Fukata & Iigo, 2020 [Publ 4106], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110153274--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Lanceolariini
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Unionini     
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Anodontini

Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110133134--
  +-------- Strophitus   
  |                      
  +-------- Schistodesmus
  |                      
  +-------- Lepidodesmini
  |                      
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
  +-------- Cristariina  
--+                      
  +-------- Lanceolariini
  |                      
  |     +-- Nodularia    
  +-----+                
  |     +-- Tchangsinaia 
  |                      
  |  +----- Utterbackia  
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Utterbackiana
     |                   
     |  +-- Alasmidonta  
     +--+                
        +-- Lasmigona

Zhang et al., 2004 [Publ 2735], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110113113--
  +-------- Anodontini   
--+                      
  |  +----- Unionini     
  +--+                   
     |  +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                
        +-- Lanceolariini

Fukata & Iigo, 2019 [Publ 4108], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110116162--
        +-- Unionina       
  +-----+                  
  |     +-- Oxynaiina      
--+                        
  |  +----- Aculamprotulina
  +--+                     
     |  +-- Acuticosta **     
     +--+                  
        +-- Lanceolariini

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1101200474--
  +-------- Acuticosta **   
  |                      
--+  +----- Lepidodesmini
  |  |                   
  +--+----- Unionini     
     |                   
     |  +-- Lanceolariini
     +--+                
        +-- Anodontini

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4487], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110140314--
  +-------------------- Unionini     
  |                                  
--+  +----------------- Acuticosta **   
  |  |                               
  |  |              +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+  +-----------+                
     |  |           +-- Anodontina   
     |  |                            
     |  |        +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+  +-----+                   
        |  |     |  +-- Cristaria    
        |  |     +--+                
        |  |        +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                         
           |        +-- Anemina      
           |  +-----+                
           |  |     +-- Amuranodonta 
           +--+                      
              |  +----- Pletholophus 
              +--+                   
                 |  +-- Sinanodonta  
                 +--+                
                    +-- Beringiana

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110190454--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110145254--
  +----------- Lepidodesmini
--+                         
  |  +-------- Unionini     
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Anodontini   
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Acuticosta **   
        +--+                
           +-- Lanceolariini

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110143344--
           +----- Pletholophus 
  +--------+                   
  |        |  +-- Sinanodonta  
  |        +--+                
  |           +-- Beringiana   
--+                            
  |  +----------- Cristaria    
  |  |                         
  |  |        +-- Alasmidontina
  +--+--------+                
     |        +-- Anodontina   
     |                         
     |  +-------- Lanceolariini
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Lepidodesmini
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Acuticosta **   
           +--+                
              +-- Unionini

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4386], fig. 5-ML

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110121164--
  +----------- Anodontina   
  |                         
--+        +-- Acuticosta **   
  |  +-----+                
  |  |     +-- Cristariina  
  +--+                      
     |  +----- Lepidodesmini
     +--+                   
        |  +-- Lanceolariini
        +--+                
           +-- Unionini

Sano et al., 2017 [Publ 3799], fig. 2

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
110132204--
  +-------------- Anodontini   
  |                            
  |           +-- Tchangsinaia 
--+  +--------+                
  |  |        +-- Nodularia    
  |  |                         
  +--+        +-- Schistodesmus
     |  +-----+                
     |  |     +-- Acuticosta **   
     +--+                      
        |  +----- Inversiunio  
        +--+                   
           |  +-- Lepidodesmini
           +--+                
              +-- Lanceolariini

Ouyang et al., 2011 [Publ 3408], fig. 1

iTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
11011283--
  +----------- Anodontini          
  |                                
--+  +-------- Oxynaiina           
  |  |                             
  +--+  +----- Lanceolaria_grayii  
     |  |                          
     +--+----- Acuticosta **          
        |                          
        |  +-- Lanceolaria_gladiola
        +--+                       
           +-- Aculamprotulina
 
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