species Elliptio congaraea (Lea, 1831): synonymy

Unio congaraeus Lea, 1831

Lea, 1831. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4 [O. 1]: 72 [82], pl. 6, fig. 4 [as ‘congaræus’].
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85693, Congaree R., Columbia, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaræus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) congaræus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio congaraea — Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), IUCN (1996), Turgeon et al. (1998), ... FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), MolluscaBase (2024), FMCS (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)
Elliptio congarea [sic] — Haag (2012)

Unio congareus ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio congaraeus Lea, 1831)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Ravenel, 1834. Cat. Rec. Shells: 6.
de Gregorio, 1914. Il Nat. Siciliano 2: 57.
Haag, 2012. N. Amer. Freshw. Mussels: 73 [as ‘Elliptio congarea’].

Unio fulvus Lea, 1834

Lea, 1834. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5 [O. 1]: 96 [208], pl. 13, fig. 39.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85679, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaræus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) congaræus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)

Unio lecontianus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 23. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 40, pl. 12, fig. 35.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84852, Canoochie R., Liberty Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) lecontianus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. downiei) lecontianus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) lecontianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio planilateris Conrad, 1838

Conrad, 1838. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(11): back cover.
Conrad, 1840. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 2(12): 103, pl. 57, fig. 1.
Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 255 [as ‘planitaleris’].

Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. complanatus) complanatus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio pusillus Lea, 1840

Lea, 1840. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1: 286.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 220 [58], pl. 18, fig. 36.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85241, Ogeechee R., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) pusillus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) pusillus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio pusillus — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio buxeus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 261 [17], pl. 15, fig. 13.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85153, Abbeville, S Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) pusillus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) pusillus — Simpson (1914)
Unio buxeus — Vanatta (1915)
Elliptio pusillus — Ortmann & Walker (1922)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio forbesianus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 264 [20], pl. 16, fig. 17.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84542, Savannah R., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) forbesianus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio gibbesianus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10], pl. 12, fig. 2.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85685, Abbeville, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) sordidus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. complanatus) sordidus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)

Unio moussonianus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 268 [24], pl. 118, fig. 22.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 251. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85168, Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) forbesianus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio planilaterus ‘Conrad’ of Authors

(error for Unio planilateris Conrad, 1838)
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Lea, 1852. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 32.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 51.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [4].
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 722.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 653.

Unio rufusculus Lea, 1852

Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 258, pl. 14, fig. 7.
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85683, Abbeville, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) complanatus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. complanatus) complanatus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Frierson (1927), Burch (1975)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)

Unio sordidus Lea, 1852

(correct name for Unio sordidis Lea, 1852)
Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10], pl. 12, fig. 1 [as ‘sordidis’].
Lea, 1852. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 252. [nomen nudum]
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85688, Abbeville, S.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) sordidus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. complanatus) sordidus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)
Elliptio congaraea — Bieler (2021)

Unio corvus Lea, 1859

Lea, 1859. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 11: 112.
Lea, 1859. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 7]: 217 [35], pl. 28, fig. 97.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84539, Buckhead Cr., Burke Co., Ga.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) forbesianus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio vestitus Lea, 1861

Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 393.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 9]: 189 [11], pl. 25, fig. 259.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85332, Ogeechee R., Georgia.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) forbesianus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) forbesianus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) pusillus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio waccamawensis Lea, 1863

Lea, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 15: 193.
Lea, 1866. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 11]: 16 [20], pl. 5, fig. 14.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84437, Waccamaw Lake, N. Carolina.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) waccamawensis — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) waccamawensis — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) waccamawensis — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), R.I. Johnson (1970), Burch (1975)
Elliptio waccamawensis — Davis & Fuller (1981), Davis et al. (1981), Davis (1984), Turgeon et al. (1988), Williams et al. (1993), ... IUCN (2011), ITIS (2012), Haag (2012), Inoue et al. (2018), Hauck et al. (2023)
Elliptio congaraea — Williams et al. (2017), Graf & Cummings (2021)

Unio dorsatus Lea, 1868

Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 160.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 300 [60], pl. 45, fig. 112.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84494, Catawba R., N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) dorsatus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) dorsatus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) dorsatus — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio strumosus Lea, 1872

Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 158.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 57 [61], pl. 19, fig. 55.
Lea, 1874. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 25: 423.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85755, Yadkin R., N.C.

Unio (sec. Elliptio) strumosus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. complanatus) strumosus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) complanatus — Frierson (1927)
Elliptio (s.s.) violaceus violaceus — Haas (1969)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraea — R.I. Johnson (1970)
Elliptio (s.s.) congaraeus — Burch (1975)

Unio planilateralis ‘Conrad’ of Authors

(error for Unio planilateris Conrad, 1838)
‘Conrad’ of Authors.
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 31.
Haas, 1969. Das Tierreich 88: 233.

Unio congaraeus Conrad, 1836

(reference to Unio congaraeus Lea, 1831)
‘Lea’ Conrad, 1836. Monogr. Fam. Unionidae 1(3): 27, pl. 12, fig. 1 [as ‘congaræus’].

Unio (sec. Elliptio) congaræus — Simpson (1900)
Unio (sec. Elliptio) (Group of U. crassidens) congaræus — Simpson (1914)
Elliptio (s.s.) forbesianus — Frierson (1927)

Unio sordidis Lea, 1852

(incorrect original spelling of Unio sordidus Lea, 1852)
Lea, 1852. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 5]: 254 [10].

Elliptio congaraea — Bieler (2021)

Unio moussianus Conrad, 1853

(error for Unio moussonianus Lea, 1852)
‘Lea’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 252.

Unio planitaleris Conrad, 1853

(error for Unio planilateris Conrad, 1838)
‘Con.’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 255.

Unio pussilus Küster, 1861

(error for Unio pusillus Lea, 1840)
‘Lea’ Küster, 1861. Conchyl. Cab. 9(2): 197.