species Pleuronaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838): synonymy

Unio barnesianus Lea, 1838

Lea, 1836. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 20. [nomen nudum]
Lea, 1838. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 6 [O. 2]: 31, pl. 10, fig. 26.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_84586, Cumberland R., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesiana — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesianum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1923), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975), ... Graf & Cummings (2007), Burdick & White (2007), Cummings & Graf (2010), ITIS (2012), Klymus et al. (2020)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) barnesiana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Bogan (2010), IUCN (2012), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), Campbell & Lydeard (2012), ... FMCS (2021), Hopper et al. (2023), FMCS (2025), Schilling et al. (2025), Campbell & Lydeard (2026)

Unio bigbyensis Lea, 1841

Lea, 1841. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 30.
Lea, 1842. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 8 [O. 3]: 237 [75], pl. 22, fig. 51.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84579, Bigby Cr., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) bigbyensis — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) bigbyense — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana bigbyensis — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925)
Fusconaia barnesiana var. bigbyensis — Ortmann (1923)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) barnesiana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio tumescens Lea, 1845

Lea, 1845. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 164.
Lea, 1848. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 10 [O. 4]: 71 [45], pl. 3, fig. 7.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84646, Alexandria, La.

Pleurobema (s.s.) tumescens — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana tumescens — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) tumescens — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), R.I. Johnson (1980), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio meredithii Lea, 1858

Lea, 1858. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 10: 40.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 65 [69], pl. 6, fig. 214.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84393, Florence, Ala.

Pleurobema (s.s.) meredithii — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1925), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) meridithii [sic] — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) meredithii — Haas (1969)
Pleurobema meredithii — Burch (1975)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)
Pleurobema meredithi — ITIS (2012)

Unio pudicus Lea, 1860

Lea, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 12: 92.
Lea, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 4 [O. 8]: 346 [28], pl. 56, fig. 171.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_84553, N Alabama.

Pleurobema (s.s.) pudica — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) pudicum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1925), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) pudica — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio ornatus Lea, 1861

(homonym of Unio ovatus var. ornatus Conrad, 1835)
Lea, 1861. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 13: 41.
Lea, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5 [O. 8]: 85 [89], pl. 11, fig. 234.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85854, Alabama.

Pleurobema (s.s.) ornata — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) ornatum — Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema oviforme — Ortmann (1918), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) munda — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Bieler (2021), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio raveneliensis Reeve, 1864

(misidentified reference to Unio ravenelianus Lea, 1834; error for Unio ravenelianus Lea, 1834)
‘Lea’ Reeve, 1864. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 16, sp. 70.

Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesiana — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesianum — Simpson (1914)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) argentea — Frierson (1927)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio lyonii Lea, 1865

Lea, 1865. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 17: 89.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 259 [19], pl. 32, fig. 74.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE USNM_85804, E. Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) lyonii — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) pudicum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) pudica — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio fassinans Lea, 1868

Lea, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 20: 143.
Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 305 [65], pl. 47, fig. 118.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_84926, headwaters of Holston R., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) fassinans — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Pleurobema fassinans — Ortmann (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana bigbyensis — Ortmann (1918)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) argentea — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Margaron (Unio) fascinans ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio fassinans Lea, 1868)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: 42.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [2].
Pilsbry & Rhoads, 1896. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 48: 502 [as ‘Unio fascinans’].

Fusconaia barnesiana bigbyensis — Ortmann (1918)

Unio meredithii Lea, 1870

(reference to Unio meredithii Lea, 1858)
Lea, 1870. Synopsis Fam. Naiades: ??.

Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975)

Unio crudus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 190.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 14 [18], pl. 4, fig. 10.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85841, French Broad R., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) cruda — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) crudum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana tumescens — Ortmann (1918), Ortmann (1924), Ortmann (1925)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) tumescens — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio radiosus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 192.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 13 [17], pl. 3, fig. 9.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84647, Holston R., E. Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) tumescens — Simpson (1900), Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana tumescens — Ortmann (1918)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) tumescens — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio validus Lea, 1871

Lea, 1871. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 23: 189.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 6 [10], pl. 1, fig. 2.
Type(s): HOLOTYPE (MONOTYPY) USNM_84583, Duck R., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) valida — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) validum — Simpson (1914)
Unio validus — de Gregorio (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1924), Burch (1975)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) valida — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio lenticularis Lea, 1872

Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 155.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 30 [34], pl. 9, fig. 27.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_85761, Tellico R., Monroe Co., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) lenticularis — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) lenticulare — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) meridithii [sic] — Frierson (1927)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) meredithii — Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio tellicoensis Lea, 1872

Lea, 1872. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 24: 155.
Lea, 1874. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 8 [O. 13]: 31 [35], pl. 10, fig. 28.
Type(s): FIGURED SYNTYPE USNM_84576, Tellico R., Monroe Co., Tenn.

Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesiana — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) barnesianum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Ortmann (1918), Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) barnesiana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Quadrula (Pleuronaia) meridithii ‘Lea’ of Authors

(error for Unio meredithii Lea, 1858)
‘Lea’ of Authors.
B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [4].
Frierson, 1927. Check List N. Amer. Naiades: 58, sp. 253.

Pleurobema fassinans var. rhomboidea Simpson, 1900

(intro'd as intra-sp. of Unio fassinans Lea, 1868)
Simpson, 1900. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 762.
Simpson, 1914. Descr. Cat. Naiades: 798.
Type(s): LECTOTYPE USNM_133331 (by R.I. Johnson, 1975: 18), Clinch R., Va.

Pleurobema (s.s.) fassinans var. rhomboidea — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) fassinans var. rhomboideum — Simpson (1914)
Fusconaia barnesiana bigbyensis — Ortmann (1918)
Quadrula (Pleuronaia) barnesiana — Frierson (1927), Haas (1969)
Fusconaia barnesiana — Burch (1975), Parmalee & Bogan (1998)
Pleuronaia barnesiana — Williams et al. (2008), Schilling et al. (2025)

Unio eastbrookianus Conrad, 1853

(error for Unio estabrookianus Lea, 1845)
‘Lea’ Conrad, 1853. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6: 248.

Unio subrotundus Sowerby, 1866

(misidentified reference to Unio subrotundus Lea, 1831)
‘Lea’ Sowerby, 1866. Conch. Icon. 16: pl. 37, sp. 201.

Pleurobema (s.s.) pudica — Simpson (1900)
Pleurobema (s.s.) pudicum — Simpson (1914)

Unio estabrookii Lea, 1868

(error for Unio estabrookianus Lea, 1845)
‘Lea’ Lea, 1868. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. 6 [O. 12]: 317 [77].

Pleuronaia barnesiana — Bieler (2021)

Unio tumesceus B.H. Wright, 1888

(error for Unio tumescens Lea, 1845)
‘Lea’ B.H. Wright, 1888. Check List N. Amer. Unionidae etc.: [6].