MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
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freshwater mussels
by Taxonomy
Species & Genus Richness of
freshwater bivalves
by Family
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Species Richness & Endemism of
freshwater mussels
by Geography
Data last updated
Thu 22 January 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini
genus Ligumia Swainson, 1840: cladomics
1 Recent valid species (9 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 1 (9 total)
analyzed in 34 cladograms in 20 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 1 (mean = 1, median = 1)
Cladograms
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1
** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
| +-----+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Ligumia_recta **
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+-------- Potamilus --+ | +----- Lampsilis +--+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Szumowski et al., 2012 [Publ 3569], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 14 | 9 | -- |
+----------------------- Ellipsaria | --+ +-------------------- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------------- Obliquaria | | | | +-------------- Potamilus +--+ | | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata | | +-----+ | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata | | | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres | +--+ +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +--+ | | +-- Ortmanniana | +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +----- Hamiota | | +-----+ +-- Epioblasma | | +--+-- Cambarunio | +-- Ligumia_recta **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Glebula
+--------+
| +-- Cyrtonaias
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+ |
| +-- Epioblasma
| |
| +-- Lampsilis
| |
+--+-- Ligumia_recta **
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Pachynaias
|
+-- Mesonaias
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Potamilus --+ | +-------- Mesonaias +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Gangloff et al., 2013 [Publ 3551], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | -- |
+----- Venustaconcha --+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Sagittunio
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+----- Obliquaria
+--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +----------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| +----------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia_recta **
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Roe et al., 2002 [Publ 2689], fig. 3a
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 4 | -- |
+----- Ligumia_recta ** | +----- Obliquaria --+ +----- Lampsilis | | +-- Villosa +--+ +-- Hamiota
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+----- Potamilus --+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Mesonaias --+ | +-------- Potamilus +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+-------- Toxolasma
+--------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-------------------- Villosa
+--+ |
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +-------- Epioblasma
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia_recta **
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Truncilla
| +--------------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus
+--+
| +-------------- Pachynaias
| |
+--+ +----------- Mesonaias
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma
+--+
+-- Ligumia_recta **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 10 | 10 | -- |
+----------------------- Cyrtonaias | --+ +-------------------- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +----------------- Ligumia_recta ** | | +--+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Pachynaias | | | | +-- Epioblasma +--+ +-----+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +-- Mesonaias | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------- Truncilla | --+ +-- Lampsilis | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Obliquaria +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Mesonaias --+ | +-------- Potamilus +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Epioblasma
Grobler et al., 2011 [Publ 3359], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+-------- Lemiox
+-----+
| | +----- Medionidus
| +--+
| | +-- Dromus
| +--+
--+ +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
| | +--+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-- Cambarunio
| |
+-----+-- Ligumia_recta **
|
+-- Epioblasma
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+-------------- Obliquaria | +-------------- Truncilla --+ +-------------- Ptychobranchus | | +----------- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-------- Cambarunio +--+ | +----- Epioblasma +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Medionidus | +--+ | | +-- Lemiox --+ +--------------+ | | | +-- Cyprogenia | | +--+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus | | +--+ +-------- Potamilus | +--------+ | | | +----- Atlanticoncha | | +--+ | | | +-- Ellipsaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Hamiota | +-----------+ | | +-- Villosa | | +--+ +----------- Ligumia_recta ** | | | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Obovaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Epioblasma | | +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-F
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Cyrtonaias --+ | +-------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +----- Lampsilis +--+ | +-- Potamilus +--+ +-- Ligumia_recta **
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------- Toxolasma | | +-------- Obliquaria --+ | | | +----- Obovaria | | | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ | | +----- Potamilus | | | | +-- Epioblasma | +--+ | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_higginsii | | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_teres | | +-- Ellipsaria +--+ +-- Truncilla
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+----------- Ortmanniana --+ | +-------- Glebula +--+ | +----- Potamilus +--+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Toxolasma
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+----------- Ortmanniana --+ | +-------- Glebula +--+ | +----- Potamilus +--+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Toxolasma
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ +-- Epioblasma
Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6-M
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Potamilus --+ | +-------- Cyrtonaias +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+-------------------- Truncilla | --+ +----------------- Ligumia_recta ** | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Sagittunio | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola | | +----- Epioblasma +--+ | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Leaunio
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+----------- Ligumia_recta ** | +----------- Truncilla | | +-- Ptychobranchus +--------+ --+ +-- Sagittunio | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma | | +--+ +----- Ortmanniana | | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ +----- Leaunio | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2673], fig. 1-M
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 4 | -- |
+----------- Potamilus --+ | +-------- Cyrtonaias +--+ | +----- Ligumia_recta ** +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta **
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha
+--+
+-------- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
+-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------- Toxolasma
+--+
| +----- Potamilus
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta **
+--+
+-- Ortmanniana
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 6 | 6 | -- |
+----- Truncilla | +----- Ptychobranchus --+ | +-- Ortmanniana | | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Ligumia_recta ** | +-- Epioblasma
Boyer et al., 2011 [Publ 2718], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 15 | 9 | -- |
+----------------- Potamilus | | +-- Ellipsaria --+ +-----------+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_cardium | | | | +----- Ligumia_recta ** | +-----+ +--+ | +-- Obovaria | +--+ | +-- Epioblasma | | +-------- Lampsilis_teres +--+ | +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii
Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------- Toxolasma
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +-- Ligumia_recta **
+--+
+-- Potamilus
Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 5 | 5 | -- |
+----- Potamilus --+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Ligumia_recta **
